Less than a year before Wright met Barack, the reverend had accompanied his friend Louis Farrakhan, controversial head of the Nation of Islam, to visit Libyan strong man Muammar Gad

 hafi.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

It was during this period that, according to Barack, his rela
 tionship with controversial Syrian-born developer Tony Rezko 'deepened.'
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

                                                                                                                                            On one occasion, Barack drove a visiting fel
low African up the road that wound through Oahu's windward peaks to the Nuuanu Pali Lookout, site of a fierce battle won by King Kamehameha I. It was while standing on the edge of the 
BARACK AND MICHELLE 
27 
precipice and marveling at the canyon stretched out before them that the visitor asked to take a puff from Barack's favorite pipe
 and accidentally dropped it over the side.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

The sudden realization that even his beloved grandmother harbored a deep-seated fear of black men pushed Barry over the edge.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

With Republicans holding a 51 to 48 edge in the U.S. Senate, the Democrats needed something to help their young candidate capture the Illinois seat.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

Predict
 ably, Siddiqi, whose own goal in life at the time 'was to make a lot of money to buy stuff,' grew tired of Barack's sermonizing.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

Depressed and discouraged by his limited success as a community organizer, Barack set his sights on a specific goal: to become the next black mayor of Chicago.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

Instead, Berenson added, his 'foremost goal was to put out a first-rate publication, and he was not going to let politics or ideology get in the way of doing that.'
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

But, she continued, 'as I enter my final year at Princeton, I find myself striving for many of the same goals as my White classmates....
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

Expelled from high school after striking the principal, Dunham spent the late 1930s as a self-styled hobo, riding the rails from Detroit to San Francisco.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

Ann, who had actually started sleeping with Barack just a couple of weeks after their first meeting in September 1960, made the case for marrying him more compelling when she announced in late October that she was pregnant.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

Late that July of 1962, Obama departed for Har
 vard-alone.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

But we also enjoyed coming in at ten, wearing jeans to work, flirting with our coworkers, partying when we stayed late, and bonding over the low salaries and heavy workload....
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

O£ course, Barack had willingly given up all those things, and by the late summer of 1985 he was broke.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

By the late 1960s, a handful of African Americans had been admitted to the then all-male university.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

While South Shore's racial character had changed-by the late 1970s nearly all the white families had vanished-the quality of life it offered did not.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

It was a message that had not been lost on a young Wellesley College student named Hillary Rodham back in the late 1960s.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

It was a sunny, warm Saturday in late July when Barack took Michelle on their 'nondate.'
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

                                                                                             'It's late at night and we're try
ing to figure out how to resolve this thing,' recalled Kenneth Mack, one of the other black candidates, who was out of the run
 ning early on.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

In late spring of 1992, Barack took Michelle to meet the other half of his far-flung family-the half brothers, half sisters, cous
 ins, aunts, uncles, stepmothers, and step-grandmother who lived in Kenya.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

In recent years, Wright had become increasingly strident in his rhetoric-among other things, praising the likes of Louis Farrakhan, Fidel Castro, 
and Muammar Gadhafi, and attacking Washington for allegedly starting the AIDS epidemic as part of a vast conspiracy to annihi
 late the world's black population.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

'You know,' he confided to Schultz in late 2006, 'Michelle really does not want me to do this.'
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

When he is writing small notes late at night.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

When he's really sort of brooding about something, it's late at night, and there's a lot of little note writing going on.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

As late as September 2007, polls put her 23 points ahead of Barack; 37 percent of voters did not even know who Obama was.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

Announcing his endorse
 ment of Obama in late January, Senator Ted Kennedy compared Barack to his brother John and even drew parallels between Bill Clinton's sniping at Barack and former President Harry Truman's early criticism of JFK's candidacy.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

It was too little, too late.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

'Well,' she told the girls, 'surely your mother's not going to make you go to school tomorrow after being up this late at night.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

'I have candy, they stay up late-come to my house, they watch TV as long as they want to, we'll play games until the wee hours,' Marian said.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

292 
 Running more than an hour late, Michelle quickly changed out of the size 10 Isabel Toledo outfit and into her gown.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Additional thanks to Newton Minow, Abner Mikva, Laurence Tribe, Senator John Kerry, Jerry Kellman, Clive Gray, Bradford Beren
son, Keith Kakugawa, Senator Tom Harkin, Jeremiah Posedel, Mike Kruglik, Toni Preckwinkle, Judson Miner, Danny Jacobs, Mike Jacobs, Maxine Box, Linda Randle, Yvonne Lloyd, Loretta Augustin-Herron, Edward Koch, Leslie Hairston, the Reverend Alvin Love, Wellington Wilson, Chris McLachlin, Judith Hope, Vinai Thummalapally, Lowell Jacobs, Joyce Feuer, Coralee Jacobs, Eric Kusunoki, Alan Lum, Pake Zone, Julie Lauster, Hazel M. Johnson, Cheryl Johnson, Letitia Baldrige, Larry Walsh, Tom Freeman, Yvette Reyes, Kelly Rolf, Danny Taylor, Zarif, Dr. Joyce Kenner, Nilda Rivera, Dave Heffert, Amy Barton, Elizabeth Yura, Betsy Vandercook, Janet Allison, Sharon Lorenz, Debra Gage, Everett Raymond Kinstler, Pam Cummings, Dudley Freeman, Paula Dranov, Carlyn Tani, Jeanette Peterson, Liz Miller, the late Irv 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
305 
Kupcinet, Barry Schenck, Bill Diehl, Mary Ann Campbell, Lawrence R. Mulligan, Sophie Gravelat, Larry Klayman, Rosalind Halvorsen, Tobias Markowitz, David McGough, Elizabeth Loth, Jean Chapin, Hazel Southam, Richard Smart, Lee Wohlfert, Norman Currie, Rose
mary McClure, Ray Whelan Jr., Gary Gunderson, David Plotkin, Cranston Jones, Kenneth P. Norwick, Mary Beth Whelan, Larry Schwartz, Tiffney Sanford, Debbie Goodsite, Arturo Santos, the Puna
hou Academy, the Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, Harvard University School o£ Law, Princeton University, the 
Harvard Law Review, 
Occidental College, the New York Public Library, the Univer
sity of Chicago School of Law, the White House Historical Associa
tion, the Bancroft Library at the University of California at Berkeley, the Gunn Memorial Library, the Silas Bronson Library, the 
Chicago Tribune, 
the 
Chicago Sun-Times, 
the 
Honolulu Advertiser, 
Globe Photos, Sipa Press, Polaris Images, Corbis, Getty Images, BEImages, the Litch
 field Business Center, Bloomberg News, the Associated Press, and Reuters.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

Coinciden
 tally, it was the same week Mel Reynolds was convicted in his sexual assault case.
	Barack and Michelle: Portrait of an American Marriage

[R]ight-to-life opposition to research cloning should be classified alongside the Bush administration's controversial draft regulations to cover embryos and fetuses under the Children's Health Insurance Program and the House's zoos passage of the Unborn Victims of Violence Act-both of which were widely viewed as indirect attempts to roll back abortion rights.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                         But to maintain a partisan edge, she advised Re
publicans 'to shift the abortion debate to the question of individual re
 strictions.'
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

That's why it's written as a story, with all the rough edges that distinguish life from theory.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

'Our goal must be to redefine the issue away from a question of rights, to one of government intrusion, privacy, and the right to an abortion in a variety of circumstances,' Hickman wrote.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

Its initial goal was to get more than a million people to sign a pledge to defend abortion rights.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                                   'The campaign's goal, quite simply, is to activate the pro-choice major
ity and to create a climate in which it is unacceptable for the Supreme Court to overturn or chip away at 
 Roe v.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

NARAL's goal was to develop a mes
 sage that helped Americans in the middle who were, in fact, pro-choice, to define themselves, to find their voice, to articulate their position.'
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

The statement, refined from the strategic blueprint that Page Gardner had drafted in September, stipulated that the PAC's goal was to elect politicians who favored 'full public funding for abortion services and minors' access.'
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

Funding wasn't covered in 
Roe, 
 and the pro-choice movement knows fully that to obtain funding, which is a major goal of the movement, we have to move that with separate legislation....
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

Bush's goal? Ending legal abortion.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

'All of these machinations have a political goal ...
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

This means that in order to achieve our long term goals we will need to address not only anti-abortion sentiments, but also anti-welfare sentiments and racism.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

Both goals could be accomplished by getting the government out of family life.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                                                               2
' 
Second, the purists worried that by purporting to guarantee abor
 tion rights while abdicating public funding and the autonomy of minors, FOCA would sever the latter goals from the pro-choice agenda.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

A week before Bush signed the partial-birth ban, he reaffirmed the lesson of the late rg8os: 'I don't think the culture has changed to the extent that the American people or the Congress would totally ban abortions.'
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                                                                 The late 
19gos 
brought new variations on established themes: the ex
tension of parental rights to birth control and interstate travel for abor
tions, the withdrawal of public funding from international family plan
 ning, and the national embrace of welfare reforms aimed at discouraging births.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

Late in the 1984 campaign, Lydia Neumann had hired Tubby Harrison to test var
 ious arguments against Amendment 65.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

In late April Ledbetter summoned other pro-choice activists to discuss the poll results and the battle plan.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                                                                                                                                               Further
more, arguing against parental notification either on the grounds that it is unnecessary (because in most cases the parents have already been brought 
z6 
A Place Called Hope 
A Place Called Hope 
27 
 into the picture by the girl herself) or that this will cause many teenage girls to endanger their lives (by going to someone other than a doctor for an abortion or waiting until very late in their pregnancy) is successful only to the extent of bringing opposition down to better than z to 1-with nearly half the public still strongly opposed even after the arguments.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

In late September 1986, while Clinton was endorsing the amend
 ment's 'stated purpose,' Hickman and Schreuer completed a second poll that verified the popularity of Clinton's position.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                    She attached a memo from Hickman explaining the victory in Arkansas: 
Our polling determined that in late September 
58% 
of the voters in Arkansas said they approved of the Constitutional Amendment restricting 
 abortion....
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

By the week of his testimony in late September, opposition among southern whites had risen from 
 2.5
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                        A Roper poll in late September found that southerners op
posed him 
51 
to 
31 
percent and even southern conservatives tilted against him by a margin of 44 to 
39 
 percent.'^
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                                                                                                        The Missouri law at issue in 
Webster 
banned the use of public health facilities for abortions, and it barred doctors from aborting a fetus late in the second trimester un
 less they first determined that it couldn't yet survive outside the womb.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

By late March the delay was becoming intolerable.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

Late in the campaign, the NRA aired radio ads portraying Wilder as a threat to gun owners.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

7
 
 In late October and early November, two political tremors erupted from Pennsylvania.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

The long march begun by the abortion rights movement in the late 198os had at last arrived at America's middle ground.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

This understanding of privacy still echoed in the slogan of the late governor Huey Long: Every man a king.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

But Jenkins cautioned that McCorvey was hardly the first to pass off such a lie: 
In the late 
r96os, 
 California Gov.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

It was too late to file a new bill.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

In late April, three months after Kerry Patrick's legislation appeared in Kansas, Duke filed a copycat bill that would pay 
$zso 
 to any woman on welfare who accepted Norplant.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                                                             01
 
Polls taken in late 1993 and early 1994 showed that roughly two
 thirds of Americans favored the family cap.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

The vehicle for this move was a rare method of terminating pregnancies, usually late in the second trimester.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

'Women do not choose to have late-term abortions,' argued Representative Nita Lowey, Democrat-New York.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

'Late-term abortions occur as a result of medical necessity.'
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

9
 
 By late January Bush had assuaged both sides.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

But those polls obscured the same paradox that had rescued abortion rights in the late t98os: Bush's poli
 cies, while weaker than Gore's individually, were stronger collectively.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                                                                                                                                                                                                          In 
New 
York Times-CBS surveys from mid-September to late October, Gore's net margin closely tracked his ideology index-the percentage of voters who saw him as conservative, minus the percentage who saw him as lib
 eral.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

        In late September, John Robertson, the committee's acting chair
man, sent Gleicher a letter affirming that a clinic 'might ethically of
 fer preimplantation genetic diagnoses' for the sake of 'gender variety' in a family.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

 By late June the cloning ban was dead, and fifty
eight senators, nearly all of them supporters of 
Roe, 
 had signed on to Feinstein's embryo termination bill.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

105 
 In late September the administration released its regulation extending SCHIP medical coverage to fetuses.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

His philosophy of personal autonomy came not from the sexual revolution but from the Protestant Reformation.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

They had sought no revolution.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

At the same time, he had defended middle-class entitlements against the Gingrich revolution.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

Of the roughly sixty thousand mandatory sterilizations performed in the United States between 19oo and 196o, California accounted for one-third3z 
 With its dual traditions of left- and right-wing radicalism, California often led the nation's revolutions in social engineering.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

As vote tallies trickled in, it became clear that many whites had lied to the exit pollsters.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

                                                           And in a bru

tally incisive speech, Jenkins said that abortion foes who permitted ex
 ceptions showed they were 'not sincere' in proclaiming the personhood of unborn children.
	Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

It took on a very controversial edge, and after the conference was over the whole hierarchy had a very difficult time reaching agreement about how to respond.
	Being Catholic Now

                                   The Church should simply acknowl
edge that the context in which Jesus is remembered as forbidding di
 vorce has changed.
	Being Catholic Now

I'd lost my edge.
	Being Catholic Now

It doesn't have the kind of structured edge to it, but it has a more meditative tone.
	Being Catholic Now

He refused to acknowl
 edge that there was any problem other than that Americans could not be trusted.
	Being Catholic Now

If you can ride the edge and have a little rebelliousness in your life and also be conventional like my father, that's great.
	Being Catholic Now

That's my primary goal, to protect her and make sure she's happy.
	Being Catholic Now

It's the best way I know to accomplish my main goal in life, which is to help as many people as possible get to heaven and me along with them.
	Being Catholic Now

                                                                                                           Our twenty
year goal is for Ave Maria to have fifty-five hundred students-four thousand undergraduate-with SAT scores averaging 
1,400, 
or 
31 
on the ACT, and comparable 
 UPAs.
	Being Catholic Now

                             Furthermore, it is our goal to have 
20 
percent foreign students, which will make quite a unique, diversi
 fied campus.
	Being Catholic Now

The Irish Christian Brothers really raised the level of focus on treating human beings with decency and sharing with others-and because the labor movement shares these goals, I realized I could put my faith into action by working in the 
JOHN SWEENEY   165 
 union movement.
	Being Catholic Now

There's not a day that goes by that 
I 
 don't pray that the work that I do is productive and helps to reach the goals that I've set for myself.
	Being Catholic Now

Late that same night, our older brother Joe called to say that Daddy had died.
	Being Catholic Now

                                     He hosted the late
night television talk show 
Politically Incorrect 
on Comedy Central and ABC and is currently the star of 
Real Time with Bill Maher 
 on HBO.
	Being Catholic Now

I'd always say my late 
42   BEING CATHOLIC 
Now 
 mom was very pro-priest and anticlerical at the same time.
	Being Catholic Now

Now my children are in their late twenties and thirties, leading lives of service to their communities.
	Being Catholic Now

The biblical inerrancy taught by Protestant fundamentalists arose roughly at the same time, in the late nine
 teenth century.
	Being Catholic Now

I'd been abused in the late 196os and early 1970s, as had a couple of my brothers.
	Being Catholic Now

Then, during those late-night conversations in the dorm, when you discuss and solve all the world's problems because you're so profound-religion was often one of the topics-I realized I didn't have a whole lot to say.
	Being Catholic Now

The late historian Stepben E. Ambrose once called him 'tbe best of the new generation of American bistorians.'
	Being Catholic Now

This revolution in moral awareness pre
 pared all Catholics, from the pope to the laity, to understand in a new way the Church's obligation to be firmly on the side of those who suffer from injustice, and firmly opposed to war.
	Being Catholic Now

If he intended to play the role of high-profile political consultant, Rove needed to have an
 swers for controversial matters in his own past.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

They had a controversial issue they could use to batter the Democrat.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

In his controversial speech earlier in the year, Rove had suggested the war as one of the important issues to help Republi
 cans.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

As adroitly as he always had on other controversial issues, Rove turned the questions away from Simon and toward the gen
 eral politics of California.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

A number of controversial pardons were granted in the closing days of the Clinton administration, including one given to wealthy finan
 cier and Democratic party donor Marc Rich.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Karl Rove has a fine eye for working journal
 ists up to the edge, bullying and cajoling, and then pulling back.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

                                                                        Route 
281 
skirts the eastern edge of the Edwards Plateau, where the trees are toughened 
98   A STAR BEHIND THE CLOUDS 
 live oak and mesquite.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

'To be overbearing with the facts and all your enormous knowl
 edge sometimes backfires.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

This had a hard, political edge.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

A lengthy debate in Congress, to clarify why the Iraqi resolution was foolish, would have the effect of covering up discussion of domestic issues, where Democrats had the edge.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Goats, which the distance made appear as small household pets, were grazing far below on a green strip of land along the river's edge.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

But he might not be spending time driving his fence lines along the edge of the Edwards Plateau, where the live oaks and cedar breaks open up to the Chihuahuan Desert, just west of his ranch.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

                                             The president, almost cer
tainly, was going to take them to the edge of tears, fill them with re
 gret and American pride, then conclude with suggestions of hope and redemption by righting a great wrong.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

which was comical because Karl was never cool and he knew it-not cool like the high school jocks or the Prat rats in college or the elegant money men with faces burnished from golf weekends at Palm Springs who sailed along the gilded edges of Republican politics.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

He simply worked Larder and longer and with an intensity that burned the edges of the ield of play.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Bush's goal is re-election, the prize his father never won.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

just like a young artist with the gift of great prescience, a Hemingway or Fitzgerald, Rove knew from the beginning what he wanted to do and devoted all of his energy and intellectual development to this goal.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

The goal was to resolve the matter in October 1986, prior to the November 4 elec
 tion, but the deadline proved impossible to meet.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

While the PAC did fund general purpose nterests in Texas agriculture, the eventual, unstated goal was to tran
 ition the organization and the money into the expectant candidacy if Moeller.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

That was the goal.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Whatever else Rove was doing, he never 
 lost sight of his primary goal: putting George W Bush in office.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Rove simply worked harder than anyone else, harder and longer, driven by some internal need to tackle 100 things at once in pursuit of the single goal: making George W. Bush the most powerful polit
 ical figure on earth, and lifting himself in the process.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

The initial goal was to establish five campaign headquarters in the state.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Charleston lawyer Tom Potter, the former GOP state chairman, and Buck Harless, a wealthy surface
 coal mine operator, set a goal to raise $30,000.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

According to a Perry campaign aide, Rove's primary goal was to drive the numbers for Bush as high as possible, not only among White voters but also among Hispanics and African Americans who 
 ' typically vote Democrat.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

The Salvation Army flap showed that compassionate conser
 vatism is only compassionate to people who are conservativ Rove's goal was to get money for religious charities and if it meant excluding gays and lesbians from employment with the Salvation Army, he would take the tradeoff.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

 Page 
266   
 'The initial goal .
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

                                                306 
Ross, Kim, 
252 
Rove, Andrew, 
253 
Rove, Darby, 
57, 251 
Rove, Eric, 
116 
INDEX 
391 
Rove, Karl, 
218, 280 
advisor, redefined role, 
15 
answering questionaire, 
81-82 
assessment of, 
8 
billing problems, 
188-193 
birth date, 
8 
College Republican National Committee, 
132-135 
as compared to Atwater, 
138 
credibility, 
80-81 
on Cuba, 
283-286 
culpability, avoiding, 
9-10 
debate club, 
117-120 
direct mail, 
143, 146-148 
dispute with neighbor, 
252-254 
divorce from Valerie, 
143 
father of, 
7 
first book, 
8 
first meeting with G. W Bush, 
127 
golden money list, 
203 
high school career, 
113-121 
influence of, 
10-12 
and Iraq, 
286-287 
and Lee Atwater, 
132-134 
lifelong goal, 
8 
marriage to Valerie, 
139 
meeting with Rampton, 
81-82 
memory tics, 
9-10 
392 INDEX 
Rove, Karl 
(Continued) 
nomination for Board of International Broadcasting, 
81 policy, 291-293 
policy driver, 11 
on property taxes, 
216-236 
reading habits, 
158-159, 170 
relationship with Bush, 
10-11, 106 
relationship with reporters, 
54 
school years, 
114-116 
Vietnam war, 
120-122 
volunteering in high school, 
123-124 
Rove, Louis, 
117, 127 
Rove, Reba Wood, 
117 
Rove, Valerie, divorce from 
Karl, 
143 
Rowley, Colleen, 
312 
Rozen, Miriam, 
116 
Ruby Ridge trial, 
99-101 
Rugeley, Cindy, 
230 
Rumsfeld, Donald, 
141, 310 
Russert, Tim, 
242 
Ryan, Nolan, 
69 
S 
Sadler, Paul, 
229, 234 
Sage, Byron, 
34, 73, 91, 101 
Salazar, Rossanna, 
230 
Salvation Army, 
297-298 
Sawyer-Miller Group, 
48 
Schieffer, Tom, 
200 
Schlumberger, 
321 
School tax plan (Texas), 
228-230,233,234 
Schroeder, Paul W, 
315 
Scott, Bruce Wayne, 
31-41, 45 
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 
81 
Shakespeare, Frank, 
141 
Shaping policy, 10 
Shapiro, Florence, 
216, 233 
Shell Oil Co., 
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

He began frequent conversations with Tomaso and other Austin journalists, pointing them in direc
 tions that served his goals.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

The two men also had other unstated goals.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Bush seemed to glide into this seat of power; Rove labored ferociously to achieve his goals.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

But for Rove's political goals, it's a good thing that Saddam is such a bad man.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Other individuals, who are quoted but deserving of special note here, are Jesse Oliver, a Dallas attorney with a fine, analytical mind, who served as general counsel to the Texas Department of Agricul
ture; Buck Wood, an Austin attorney and political activist; Garry Mauro, former Texas Land Commissioner who ran for governor against George W. Bush; Reggie Bashur, Republican political consul
tant, a man who actually is a compassionate conservative and has the long-held respect of Austin journalists; Jason Stanford, a Democrat with equal parts courage, intellect, and conviction; Mark McKinnon, who is possessed of a valuable insight from both sides of the battle line; John Weaver, once a great Republican political consultant now a great Democratic political consultant; personal friend Paul Will
cott, who isn't just the world's greatest undiscovered writer but is also the finest editor any writer might hope for; Pete Slover, who has the kind of relentlessness that always makes for great journalism; Chuck McDonald, for making sure people never fail to laugh at the ab
surdities of democracy; the late George Christian, former presiden
tial press secretary and a man without enemies; 
Dallas 
Morning 
News' 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix 
political writer Sam Attlesey for creating his own institution of polit
 ical insight with an unsurpassed love of Texas and politics; Mike Toomey, who saw it all from the inside; Bill Miller, who represents both ...
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

of the late GOP consultant 
Lee 
of   of 
t   
dical' his fitness 
a 
i Gary Batter both 
have 
ics against any caudi

cCain, 
mula„'' 
s 
Mr. Rove 
Mr 
Rovea 
 .,..
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Clements' carefully considered words allowed viewers of the late newscasts that night to infer he was 'shocked' and 'disappointed' in his opponent, Mark White.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

The late Matt Lyon, who was Governor White's speechwriter, later told his friend, Patricia Tierney Alofsin, that White got news of the bugging at precisely the wrong time.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

A few were left behind as he got into his late model GMC pickup and 
SUSPICIONS AND CLUES   65 
 drove eastward.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Stationed in Austin begin
 ning in the late 1970s, Rampton launched a round of investigations into Texas state officeholders, who were all Democrats.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Ernest Hemingway 
 he White House meeting went late so President George W. Bush invited a couple of aides to join him for dinner in the dining room.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

                                                                                                 K
arl Rove moved through the hallways of Olympus High in the late sixties like a thunderstorm, full 
of 
 noise and electricity.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Humphrey was to blame because he had acted o late in condemning what was going on in the streets, he had own no moral leadership, no political courage.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

His entourage arrived at the Mormon Tabernacle late in the :ampaign, under a bright Western sun.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

But he said the campaign team didn't take Perot's third-party challenge seriously, not until it was too late.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Rove's work in the late 1980s helping to elect Republican judges to the Texas Supreme Court, starting with Tom Phillips, was only the beginning.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

                                                                                               168   TOWARD THE FAR HORIZON 
By the time Bush announced his candidacy for governor in late 1993, the policy teams were meeting regularly at campaign head
 quarters in Austin, culling the best ideas, and advancing them as possible campaign issues.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

As he climbed aboard the campaign plane with a couple of aides in the heat of late summer, Bush was having trouble reconciling his opponent's powerful persona and the fact that she was running a lackluster campaign.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

There had been late-night calls, early morning calls, and now in the clear light of day the agreement was in danger of unraveling.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

He was a Harvard-educated lawyer in thin horn-rims and pressed jeans, serious-minded, articu
 late, and not easily bullied.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Late one morning, Rove'arrived at the eighth-floor office of Jack Dillard, the Philip Morris lobbyist in Texas.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

When Hughes visited the state in late 1999, she went to Bush campaign headquarters and noticed that almost all the volunteers were from somewhere else.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Rove did not see the McCain challenge until it was too late.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

242   HISTORY MAKES MEN 
 But it was already too late.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Seven pro
 fessors, all armed with elaborate statistical models, arrived in late August at the 96th annual meeting of the American Political Science Association in Washington with the same message-all the numbers point to Al Gore for president.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Overseeing the political operation was Bill Phillips, a long-time Republican who once worked for the late Congressman 'Vinegar Bend' Mizell of North Carolina and had close ties with the current Republican governor, Cecil Underwood.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Gore showed up in late October, then again three days before the election.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

But it was too late.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

By late summer, Professor James Thurber of American Univer
 sity, an expert in presidential politics, saw in the Bush campaign some evidence that its emphasis on personality and its appeal to a wider audience was working.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

                                     He never had to deal with a 
A WIN'S A WIN   275 
late-crimes bill opposed by Christian conservatives, thanks to Re
 ';'publicans who bottled up the measure in committee.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Worried they were about to 'lose, the Perry team produced a television commercial late in the campaign attacking his Democratic opponent.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Hughes, realizing her boss needed to confront the issue, gathered reporters 
A WIN'S A WIN   277 
 'outside the brick cattle barn at State Fair Park in West Allys, Wisconsin, for a late-night news conference.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

He engaged in the campaign too late in Minnesota and Wisconsin.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

The Democrats, though, caught on too late.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Limited television coverage was allowed late in the day, timed to keep Bush-Simon shots and sound bites off of the 
340   HISTORY MAKES MEN 
 network news, which was on a deadline three hours ahead of the west coast.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

 Page 
226   
 'Late one morning .
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

It was just, 'Karl, for heaven's sake, nobody needs to know about the Revolution
 ary War and how it influenced the Vietnam era.'
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

For Iraq, Rove applies a differ
 ent standard and envisions a revolution that will arrive in the form of U.S. Army battalions and laser-guided bombs.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

                                                         They are to
tally self-contained so they need nothing in order to arrive at a de
 cision.
	Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential

Above all, in taking the risk of defining and interpreting a controversial figure, he has sent us back into our own memories, or to books and docu
 mentaries, in search of the truth for ourselves.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

In black religion, there is little substance or benefit to knowing God without doing, or performing, one's knowl
 edge of God.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

We insulate ourselves from knowl
 edge of its existence, especially when we take refuge in our oppression, as if that could prevent us from dealing with how we oppress more vulnerable folk.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson


 The black poor consists of the desperately unemployed and underemployed, those trapped in underground economies, and those working poor folk who slave in menial jobs at the edge of the economy.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

Myrlie's discourse was hot with the blood of remembrance splashed across its sharp edges - it was if Medgar had been murdered yesterday.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

In such cases, shades of meaning slip off the edges of sloppy distinctions.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

                                     It attempts to baptize fi
nancial pursuits as the greatest goal of life, spurning our ob
 ligations to the poor while remaining silent about the forces that cause economic inequality.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

Whether we agree with him at every turn or not, Chris Rock is a crucial cultural presence, a valuable gadfly, and above all, a great comedian, which I'm sure is his ultimate goal.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson


 Our goal should not be to transcend race, but to transcend the biased meanings associated with race.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

                                          I suppose, in ret
spect, I had two goals: to write like the writers I most ad
 ired, those writers my teachers pointed me to, and to write well as I could about things that mattered most to me.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

It is also a record of the race's struggle to achieve shared goals.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

The amazing ing is he was referring to a game he had played two months go! True, he had had only scored 5 of 17 goals from the field, ut he hit 13 of 14 free throws in scoring 23 points.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

They inspire ordinary people to over
 come obstacles in achieving their goals.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

Ordinary and iconic black men are constantly helping Amer
 ican society to rebound from one catastrophe or another and to successfully overcome the opposition in scoring serious points, serious arguments, serious goals.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

                                They showed a commitment 
97 
uplifting African American interests while tying these in
 rests to American goals.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

The film unabashedly favors the Panthers' perspec
 tive: it focuses on how they got started, what their goals were, and how they pursued them.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

In colorful and comedic terms, 
Bulworth 
 shows how the social rituals and cultural conventions of gangstas and politicians are driven by the same goals: getting paid, getting pleasure, and getting props.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

The best leaders concede their flawed humanity even as they aspire to lofty goals.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

But sparks can only ignite what's been stored and accumulated; they cannot store and accumu
 late.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

Gospel music gained wide popular acceptance ~with Clara Ward's appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1957 and with the incomparable Mahalia Jackson's numerous concerts at Carnegie Hall in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

I want them to have a desire to deploy a variety of jargons, grammars, rhetorics, languages, and vocabularies to articu
 late views in defense of African American or marginalized identities, as I attempt to do.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

During the middle to late 
1960s, 
the events of American so
 ciety impinged on the consciousness of many black athletes in a way that had not happened before.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

So in the late '60s, Harry Edwards was an extraordinary, difficult, and flamboyant fig
 ure.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

Most Jews and Poles and Italians arrived in the mid-1800s, late 1800s, or early 1900s.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson


 The fact that three of the most gifted rappers come from highly educated mothers - Dr. Brenda Green is Talib Kweli's mother, the late Dr. Donda West was Kanye West's mother, and Dr. Mahalia Ann Hines is Common's mother - doesn't detract from their authenticity in my mind.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         That's like holding Cur
tis Mayfield, who sang 'Keep on Pushin',' accountable for the failure of the late-phase, Northern-based arm of the civil rights movement in the late 1960s, or holding James Brown, who sang 'I'm Black and I'm Proud,' responsible for the fail
 ure of the black power struggle in the early 1970s.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

Hip hop culture has come a long way since its fledgling start in the late 1970s.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

The gangsta rap genre of hip hop emerged in the late '80s on the West Coast as crack and gangs ruled the urban centers of Los Angeles, Long Beach, Compton, and Oakland.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

In the past, this group included James Baldwin, and more recently, the late Audre Lorde, and today it includes Barbara Smith, Randall Kenan, E. Lynn Harris, Keith Boykin and Meshell Ndegeocello.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Photography Credits 
Page 2 Page 18 Page 38 Page 54 Page 72 Page 90 Page 104 Page 122 Page 136 Page 154 Page 166 Page 182 Page 202 Page 220 Page 238 Page 254 Page 280 
Courtesy of Monica Morgan Photography Courtesy of Louis Myrie 
Courtesy of Darryl Turner 
Courtesy of Johnny Nunez Photography Courtesy of Impact Photo/Joe Photo Courtesy of Johnny Nunez Photography Courtesy of Regina Fleming Photography Courtesy of Matt Carr Photography Courtesy of Johnny Nunez Photography Courtesy of Mark Mehlinger 
Courtesy of Louis Myrie Courtesy of W Hassan Marsh Courtesy of Monica Morgan Photography Courtesy of Johnny Nunez Photography Courtesy of Donna Payne 
Courtesy of Garlin Gilchrist II Courtesy of Nancy Kaszerman 
295 
 As usual, I want to thank Liz Maguire, my beloved late editor, whose intellectual partnership and inspiration are all over these pages.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

                                                                                                                  
In many ways, Mario Van Peebles's 
Panther 
(based on a screenplay penned by his legendary father, Melvin Van Pee
bles) captures black nostalgia for the days before crack and crime gutted black neighborhoods, before the quest for up
 ward mobility trampled the fires of revolution.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

Martin Luther King made speech a handmaiden of social revolution.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

                                                                                                                 
Malcolm X was the rap revolution's rhetorician of choice in hip hop's heyday, his words forming the ideological frame
 work for authentic black consciousness.
	Can You Hear Me Now?: The Inspiration, Wisdom, and Insight of Michael Eric Dyson

'For seven days last May the city of 
Sao 
 Paulo, Brazil, teetered on the edge of a feral zone where governments barely reach and countries lose their meaning.
	Day of Reckoning

McKinnon, 'Bush Reorients Rhetoric, Acknowl
edges Income Gap,' 
Wall Street Journal, 
 March 26, 2007, p. 2.
	Day of Reckoning

President George W Bush declared the 'world democratic revolution' to be our great cause, and 'ending tyranny in our world' to be America's national goal.
	Day of Reckoning

And the Wilsonian rhetoric aside, the United States had never gone to war for any such gauzy goal as a 'just peace ...
	Day of Reckoning

Decades later, it was seized upon by the Progressives, who reinterpreted it to persuade the nation that their goal, democratizing not only America but the world, was the cause for which the Union had fought and Lincoln had died.
	Day of Reckoning

From their conduct at the wartime conferences, Churchill and Roosevelt either did not believe in the democratist ideology they professed, or did not believe in it enough to stand up for it 
69 
DAY OF RECKONING 
 in Stalin's presence,_ The great goal of World War II, on which the Big Three were in full agreement, was to smash and carve up Germany so she would never rise again.
	Day of Reckoning

                                                      In his inaugural, Bush was indulging in hyperbole to set up a dramatic declaration of the mission he would pursue the rest of his presidency: 
So it is the policy of the United States to seek and support the growth of democratic movements and institutions in every nation and culture, with the ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world 
45 
 Wilson was going to make the world safe for democracy.
	Day of Reckoning

But if our goal is 'ending tyranny in our world,' we have our work cut out for us.
	Day of Reckoning

'By an even greater proportion-almost 3 to 1-they say the main goal of American foreign policy should be to protect the security of the United States and its allies, rather than the promotion of freedom and democracy.'
	Day of Reckoning

Therefore, America asserts the right to intrude in the politics of all nations with the 'ultimate goal of ending tyranny on earth.'
	Day of Reckoning

Final goal: 450 million Mexicans, Americans, and Canadians as dual citi
 zens of the North American Union.
	Day of Reckoning

But if a statesman's goal is to make his nation self-sufficient and build up its industry so it can capture the world's markets, tariffs make all the sense in the world.
	Day of Reckoning

                        Ideology, wrote Russell Kirk, is 'a 
DAY OF RECKONING 
dogmatic political theory which is an endeavor to substi
tute secular goals and doctrines for religious goals and doc
 trines.''
	Day of Reckoning

                           In December 
1916, 
as he sought to mediate between the bel
 ligerents, Wilson suggested that the goals for which the Allies and Central Powers both claimed to be fighting were 'virtually the same.
	Day of Reckoning

The goals of bin Laden, the insurgents in Iraq, and the Taliban are not so watery and abstract as those of Mr. Bush.
	Day of Reckoning

The goals of those we fight are concrete, understandable, realizable, and ap
 pealing to millions.
	Day of Reckoning

Not only do these goals have broad appeal, bin Laden has achieved partial victory in the first.
	Day of Reckoning

National goals are set by national leaders.
	Day of Reckoning

What are those goals? China's trade policy and monetary poli
 cies are designed to suck jobs, industry, and technology out of the United States and displace America as the factory of the world and first nation on earth.
	Day of Reckoning

The late twentieth century suggests otherwise.
	Day of Reckoning

             177 
DAY OF RECKONING 
 '[S]ince the end of World War II, American society has been suffering decomposition and deconstruction,' wrote the late professor of theology Harold O. J. Brown.
	Day of Reckoning

                                                                                                                                                                                          7
 
When, after thirty years as a devout free trader, this writer lapsed in the faith, after witnessing the impact of globalism on communities and towns across America, my friend, the late No
bel Prize-winner Milton Friedman, wrote to me that I was 'do
 ing the devil's work.
	Day of Reckoning

Indeed, the late J. K. Galbraith wrote toward the end of his life, unhappily, that 
192 
Colony of the World 
 the age of John Maynard Keynes gave way to the age of Milton Friedman.'
	Day of Reckoning

As late as 1923, John Maynard Keynes was still writing of free trade in lyrics as rhapsodic as those of Cobden and Say: We must hold to free trade, in its widest interpretation, as an inflexible dogma, to which no exception is admitted, wherever the decision rests with us.
	Day of Reckoning

America today exhibits all the symptoms of an alcoholic in late middle age.
	Day of Reckoning

 Finally, the trade deals of the late twentieth century were en
abling acts for companies to shed national identities and loyal
 ties and reinvent themselves as global companies, the new masters of the universe.
	Day of Reckoning

Its business in the late Cold War was to subvert Communist regimes by supporting demo
 crats.
	Day of Reckoning

As for my friend the late Dr. Russell Kirk, the great conser
 vative scholar and author and chairman of the Buchanan Brigades in Michigan in 1992, to whom this book is dedicated, he seems ever to grow wiser as I grow older.
	Day of Reckoning

There is another force for disunion-the social revolution 
11 
DAY OF RECKONING 
 America has passed through since the 1960s.
	Day of Reckoning

This revolution created a chasm between Americans on those matters-history, heroes, holidays, religion, morality, customs, culture-that once united us.
	Day of Reckoning

In Ukraine, the Orange Revolution that had brought pro
 American Victor Yushchenko to power collapsed.
	Day of Reckoning

And Georgia, home of the Rose Revolution, whose President Mikheil Saakashvili had sought to join the European Union and NATO, was under an economic blockade by Moscow, with only the fee
blest of protests from NATO capitals 
21 
From Latin America to Russia, from Old Europe to the Mid
 dle East, we had entered an era marked by anti-Americanism of a depth and breadth Americans had never known.
	Day of Reckoning

The Reagan Revolution was over, the Reagan Democrats had gone home, the New Majority had gone the way of FDR's New Deal coalition.
	Day of Reckoning

We fought the Revolution to be rid of British rule and the War of 1812 because the Royal Navy refused to respect the rights of our seamen and war hawks saw a chance to grab Canada.
	Day of Reckoning

It was invoked in Lebanon in 
1958, 
 when U.S. Marines went ashore to secure the Beirut government after the monarchy in Baghdad was overthrown in a bloody coup and revolution seemed to threaten all the pro-Western Arab states.
	Day of Reckoning

Why, in a worker's paradise, ought workers be unfree? Because the party, in Leninist ideology, was the pro
tector of the state and vanguard of the revolution to build para
 dise on earth.
	Day of Reckoning

Napoleon and the pigs who led the revolution in 
Animal Farm 
 soon seized absolute power over the other animals and moved into the farmer's house to enjoy the comforts of the sheltered home.
	Day of Reckoning

As Fidel showed the world, the Communist does not make the revolution to abolish the dictatorship.
	Day of Reckoning

He makes the revolution to establish the dictator
 ship.
	Day of Reckoning

              59 
DAY OF RECKONING 
 The French Revolution was a product of ideology.
	Day of Reckoning

The Revolution was fought to rid us of British rule-British soldiers, governors, tax collectors.
	Day of Reckoning

Marx declared that a revolution was coming.
	Day of Reckoning

Unions were being formed by workers who wanted higher wages and shorter hours, not revolution.
	Day of Reckoning

The Russian Revolution restored the faith.
	Day of Reckoning

              71 
DAY OF RECKONING 
 But despite conclusive evidence that the armed doctrine of Bolshevism produced regimes more base, brutal, criminal, and evil than any that had gone before, Marxist ideologues rendered it absolute loyalty, betraying comrades, countries, even families in the name of the revolution.
	Day of Reckoning

This is the very mirror image of Trotsky's permanent revolution.
	Day of Reckoning

Has there ever been a greater example of hubris by a president than to lay down the 'essential principles for successful societies' and cast into outer darkness every society that does not resemble America after we ratified the Nineteenth Amendment and en
 listed in the feminist revolution? The Bush speech at the National Endowment for Democracy was the work of a mind saturated in democratistideology and devoid of historical perspective.
	Day of Reckoning

                                                     37
 
As his speech to the endowment came to a close, Bush de
clared to his admiring audience, 'The 
 establishment of a free Iraq at the heart of the Middle East will be a watershed event in the global democratic revolution.'
	Day of Reckoning

Four years later, Iraq was in bloody chaos and the 'global democratic revolution' was over.
	Day of Reckoning

                                                                                                      The Democracy Worshiper 
Of the Bourbons, restored to the throne after the Revolution, the guillotining of Louis XVI, and the Napoleonic interlude, Tal
 leyrand said, they had 'learned nothing and forgotten nothing.'
	Day of Reckoning

The summer before Bush spoke in Prague, democratic Israel bombed democratic Lebanon of the Cedar Revolution for five weeks, killing a thousand Lebanese and rendering ten thousand homeless.
	Day of Reckoning

             105 
DAY OF RECKONING 
 Replace 'communists' with 'democratists,' and one is close to the truth as to why Bush's world democratic revolution failed.
	Day of Reckoning

This is history's climactic battle in the advance of liberty that be
 gan with the American Revolution, triumphed on this continent in our Civil War, and was led into the world by Woodrow Wilson.
	Day of Reckoning

Mao seized power in a revolution to expel the 'foreign devils,' unite the nation, and place China in the vanguard of the world revolution.
	Day of Reckoning

But how does the Chinese Communist Party defend its absolute monopoly of power, when the world Communist revolution is over and China is capitalist? As a Chinese middle class devel
 ops, the regime will face the same crisis as the one that ended the Communist Party's monopoly of power in Moscow.
	Day of Reckoning

The American Revolution was not fought for equality, but to be rid of British rule.
	Day of Reckoning

By radically revising her views of fifty years ago, about what Jamestown was, the queen re
 vealed the real revolution that occurred between the era of Eisenhower and that of George W Bush.
	Day of Reckoning

It is a revolution in thought and belief about who we are as a nation.
	Day of Reckoning

                                                                                                         The Real Revolution 
Nothing in the above is written to suggest that slavery was not evil, or that everything done to the Indians was morally righ
 teous.
	Day of Reckoning

Here we must separate the civil rights movement of the 1950s and early 1960s from the broader and deeper social, moral, and cultural revolution of the 1960s.
	Day of Reckoning

It was not a new revolution but the continuation of an evolutionary process that had lasted for a century.
	Day of Reckoning

The real revolution of the last half century began in the 
1960s 
 and drove wedges through society that endure today.
	Day of Reckoning

                                                                     This revolution involved the rejection and overthrow of tradi
tional Christian morality and Christianity itself as bigoted and repressive, and the conversion of the young to a sensuality, self
 indulgence, and promiscuity condemned by all Christian faiths.
	Day of Reckoning

This revolution involved the overturning of all laws rooted in Christian doctrine regarding divorce, homosexuality, abortion
 and the purge of all Christian symbols, books, and practices from public schools.
	Day of Reckoning

This revolution was about de-Christianizing and secularizing America.
	Day of Reckoning

This revolution involved treason, siding with the enemies of the United States in Vietnam and in the Cold War by marching under Viet Cong flags, blowing up ROTC buildings, disrupting troop trains, going to Hanoi and Havana to denounce Amerika and celebrating the triumphs of Fidel and Ho Chi Minh.
	Day of Reckoning

                                                                                                                                                                                176 
Deconstructing America 
This revolution involved the rewriting of history texts used in schools and colleges to demonize men previous generations of Americans had been taught to revere-Columbus and the ex
plorers, the Founding Fathers, the pioneers, Custer and the 7th Cavalry, the men who won the West, Lee and Grant-and re
 placing them in the pantheon with new heroes drawn from among those who had resisted our forefathers.
	Day of Reckoning

This revolution involved the rejection of authors and writers whose poetry and prose we had all learned and loved as 'dead white males' and propagandists who had nothing to teach the new generation.
	Day of Reckoning

This was a true social, moral, and cultural revolution that changed the way Americans think about their country and civ
 ilization.
	Day of Reckoning

It captured and converted not only many of the young, but most of the academy, media, and Hollywood, who went, over to the revolution because that is where popu
 larity lay and because they despised the America they had grown up in.
	Day of Reckoning

But what must be recognized is that the revolution hap
 pened, that it has divided us deeply and permanently-over what is good, true, beautiful, right and wrong.
	Day of Reckoning

This was a revolution.
	Day of Reckoning

Since the cultural revolution of the 
1960s 
and the Immigra
tion Act of 
1965, 
 however, the ethnocultural core has begun to dissolve.
	Day of Reckoning

Only after Baghdad fell did we learn that Iraq was part of a 'world democratic revolution.'
	Day of Reckoning

                   188 
Deconstructing America 
 Having gone through a social, cultural, and moral revolution, we Americans have ceased to be the one people and one nation we once were.
	Day of Reckoning

When the Industrial Revolution began in England, England vaulted to the forefront.
	Day of Reckoning

In a word, the Free Trade system hastens the Social Revolution.
	Day of Reckoning

In this revolution
 ary sense alone, gentlemen, I am in favor of Free Trade.
	Day of Reckoning

                              Since the Iranian revolution of 
1979, 
relations between the aya
tollahs and the United States have been as hostile as those be
tween Mao's China and the United States between 
1949 
and 
 1972.
	Day of Reckoning

For the ideology of the Iranian revolution is no more anti
 American than was that of Mao's China when Nixon landed there in February of 1972.
	Day of Reckoning

The great threat to the oil interest is the rise of regimes interested less in maintaining the world economy and national income than in fo
 menting an Islamic revolution and a war of civilizations.
	Day of Reckoning

The question for the United States is whether preventing Islamic revolution is best served by keeping U.S. troops in the region or by pulling them out and relying on U.S. naval and airpower to prevent any nation from achieving hegemony in the Gulf and and with it control of the life blood of the global economy.
	Day of Reckoning

Ronald Reagan, 'Our Revolution: Farewell Address,' Jan. 11, 1989, Na
tional Review Online, 
 June 5, 
2004.
	Day of Reckoning

                                                                                                                                 on America's imperial overreach, 33-34 
on American nationality, 7 on Bush's crusade, 91 
on the Cold War, 131-132 
on the 'democratist temptation,' 73-74 
on U.S. invasion of Iraq, 51-52 
Burger, Peter, 96, 97 
Burke, Edmund, 25,104-105 
Bush, George H. W,19,106,258 Gulf War (Desert Storm), 24, 28-30,40 
New World Order, 28-30 Bush, George W 
and the environment, 159 and free trade, 161-162,191, 223-224,246-249 incompetence of, 24-25 
and illegal immigrants, 10-11, 139,162,237,244-246 and neoconservatism, 72-73, 74-78,78-79,80-81,81-86, 123,255 
and 9/11,34-35,35-37,45, 99-100,102 
polls and approval ratings, 15, 22, 91,130 
religion of, 74-75, 79, 83 Wolfowitz Memorandum, 30-34 the world democratic revolution, 12 
Bush, George W. (quotations and speeches), 13, 49-50, 70 American Enterprise Institute (2003), 75, 78-79 
American Legion (2006), 93-95 on Communism, 105-106 
on containment, 41 
Czermin Palace (Prague, 2007), 100-101,105-106 Democracy and Security International Conference (Prague, 2007), 75 
on free trade, 191 
on freedom and democracy, 78-79 
inaugural address (2005), 75, 89-91 
on the Iraqi war, 93-94 
on Iraqi democracy, 88-89 National Endowment for Democracy (2003), 70, 75, 81-86,252 
in Riga (Latvia), 92-93 
on successful societies, 81-86 on terrorism, 36-37, 88-89 
284 
Index 
on Taiwan, 118 
State of the Union (2007), 75, 95-100 
West Point Manifesto (2002), 39-40,41-44,75-77,80 Whitehall Palace (2003), 75, 87-89 
Bush (George W) administration antimissile defense, 122, 258 Axis of Evil, 37-39 
Bush Doctrine, 46-48,49-51, 129,251 
and China, 118,129,152-153, 261 
Iraq, invasion and occupation of (Operation Iraqi Freedom), 16-23,51-53,102,111, 129-130 
National Security Strategy of 
the United 
Sates, 45-46, 50-51, 125-128 
preemptive attacks/preventive wars, 48-51,125-128 
and Russia, 121-125 
and the trade deficit, 202-203, 220-221,246-249 
treaty obligations, 128-130 
and the U.S. economy, 206-207 war in Afghanistan, 35,122,130, 138,250 
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 99 
California, Hispanics in, 8-9 Canada 
secessionist movement in, 4 U.S. trade deficit and, 222, 235 Carnegie, Andrew, 209 
Carter Doctrine, 47 Case for Goliath, 
The 
(Mandelbaum), 165-166 Castro, Fidel, 18, 59,176 Catalan secessionist movement, 4 CENTO (Central Treaty Organization), 116 Chavez, Hugo, 18, 98, 159, 166 Chechnya, 4, 5 
Cheney, Dick, 255 
Chesterton, G. K., 55, 192 ' China, 45,140 Chinese-Russian relations, 19 and Communism, 154 economic growth, 80, 150-152, 153 
and military technology, 132-153 and minorities, 154 
population, 150 
and Taiwan, 129, 152, 155, 261 U.S.-Chinese relations, 118, 129, 152-153,261 
U.S. Chinese trade deficit, 20-21, 150-151,203,221,222, 224-227 
as a world power, 149-155 See also Taiwan Christianity 
in Europe, 141-142 Islam and, 76-77, 85, 249 U.S. cultural revolution and, 
176-179,180-181,187-88,242 
Chronicles, 
64-65 
Chrysler, 219, 220 
Churchill, Winston, 1, 69-70, 101, 103,170 
Cicero, 55 Citigroup, 207 'City of Fear' (Langewiesche), 163 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 176 
Civil War, 7, 40, 49, 62-65, 102, 106, 188 
Clay, Henry, 197 Clemenceau, Georges, 84 Clinton, Bill, 121, 130, 182, 206 CNN, 18 
Cobden, Richard, 196 
Cold War, 2, 40-41, 115, 176, 230, 256-258 
Commonwealth Club of California, 6 
Communism, 59, 70, 87, 98, 102-103,105-106,121,154 
See 
also Marxism 
Coolidge, Calvin, 202 
corporate greed, 207-210,237-238 Correa, Rafael, 98 
285 
Index 
 Crash (film), 182-183 .
	Day of Reckoning

                                                                                    Croatia, 3 
Cuba, 7, 40, 113 
Cuban missile crisis, 48-49 cultural revolution, 148, 173-175, 176-179,180-181,187-88, 240-243 
gay marriage, 241-242 Czechoslovakia, 3, 100-101 
d'Estaing, Valery Giscard, 142 D'Souza, Dinesh, 148 Dagestan, 4 
Dangerous Nation (Kagan), 58 Daniels, Mitch, 215 
Davis, Jefferson, 172 Davos Conference, 20 2007, 14,15 
de Gaulle, Charles, 118 Declaration of Independence, 60-61,64 
Defense of Marriage Act, 242 democracy, 104-105 
 Desert Storm.
	Day of Reckoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                               See Gulf War Diderot, Denis, 60 
Doha Round (2006), 20 Doolittle, Jimmy, 218 Douglas, William, 64 Dred Scott decision, 171-172, 183, 242 
'Drug of Ideology, The' (Kirk), 56-57 
Dubai port deal, 20 Duke rape case hoax, 183 Dulles, John Foster, 29, 116,131 
East Pakistan (Bangladesh), 5 Ecuador, 5 
Edison, Thomas, 209-210 Egypt, 17 
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 27, 30, 115-116,131,260 Eisenhower Doctrine, 47 Eliot, T. S., 104 
Elizabeth 11, 169-173, 174 
End of History, The (Fukuyama), 80,151 
Enemy at Home: The Cultural Left and Its Responsibility for 9111, 
The 
(D'Souza),148 Enron,209 
Erhard,Ludwig,151 Estonia, 123 Euripides, 238 Europe 
Christianity and, 141-142 
illegal immigrants and crime, 165 Muslims as immigrants in, 139 European Economic Community, 133 
European Union (EU),121,137-138, 140-143,236-237,238,247 
Fatah, 15 
Federalist No. 2 (Jay), 179 Ferguson, Niall,16 Fidler, Stephen, 96 Financial Times, 96, 141-142,143, 182,199,212,227 
'First Universal Nation, The' (Wattenberg), 174 Fitzgerald, Scott, 210 Forbes400,208 
Ford, Gerald, 262 Ford, Henry, 209 Ford, 'Tennessee Ernie,' 213 
Ford Motor Company, 21, 219, 220 Fourteen Points, 66-67, 69, 113-114,157 
Fox, Vicente, 161 France, 1, 4,18 Frankfurter, Felix, 83-84 Franklin, Ben, 186, 213 Franks, Tommy, 88 
Free to Choose (Friedman), 194 free trade, 161-162,191-196, 196-206,223-224,246-249 Border Tax Equity Act, 248-249 and corporate greed, 207-210, 237-238 
globalization, 191-196, 224-227 andjobs, 228-229 
liberals and libertarians and, 227-229 
286 
Index 
and manufacturing, 199-203 outsourcing,229-234,248-249 trade deficit, 202-203, 220-221, 246-249 
Freedom House, 123 Fremont, Jessie Benton, 63 Fremont,John, 63 
Frick, Henry Clay, 209 Friedman, Milton, 192,193-195, 200-201,224 
Friedman, Thomas, 20,164 French Revolution, 60 Fukuyama, Francis, 27, 80 
Galbraith, J. K., 192-193 
Gangs of New York, The, 
6 Gates, Bill, 210 
Gellman, Barton, 30-31 George III, 61 
Georgia, 2,121, 121-123 Rose Revolution, 19 Germany 
in Afghanistan, 18 Communism, 98,102-103 Hitler-Stalin pact, 71 Nazism, 59, 70, 87, 98,102-103, 104 
Weimar Republic, 98,102 and World War II, 49 Gettysburg Address, 62, 64-66 
Gettysburg Gospel, The 
(Boritt), 64-65 
Gibran, Khalil, 55 Global Crossing, 209 
Global Trade and National 
Conflicting Interests 
(Gomory/Baumol), 201 globalization, 191-196, 224-227 and corporate greed, 237-238 and crime, 164 
free trade, 161-162,191-196, 196-206,223-224,227-229 and manufacturing, 199-203 outsourcing, 229-234 
GM (General Motors), 21, 219, 220 Goldman Sachs, 209 
Gomory, Ralph, 201, 224 
Google, 225 
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 31, 120-121, 257 
Gore, AI, 36, 80 Grant, Ulysses S., 124 Grasso, Richard, 208 Great Britain, 4, 14, 24 crime rates, 170, 185 emigration from, 185 illegal immigrants and, 185 Iraq, troop withdrawal from, 17 Ireland and, 2 
Muslims in, 170,185 race riots in, 170 Scotland and, 4 Wales and, 4 
War of 1812, 40, 113 World War II and, l Greeley, Horace, 63 Greenspan, Alan, 21 Greider, William, 225 Gross, Daniel, 214-215 Gulf War (Desert Storm), 24,28-30, 40,111 
Haas, Richard, 15 Haggard, Merle, 235 Hahn, Gordon, 123 Haig, Al, 98 
Halsey, William J. 'Bull,' 68 Hamas, 15, 17, 20, 43, 98 Hamilton, Alexander, 193, 195, 202, 230 
Harries, Owen, 131 Harriman, E. H., 209 Havel, Vaclav, 142 Hemingway, Ernest, 210 Hezbollah, 17, 43, 98 high-tech deficit, 211-212, 225 Hill, James J., 209 
Hitler, Adolph, 40, 59, 68, 69, 98, 104, 114, 158 
Ho Chi Minh, 94,176 Hobbes, Thomas, 166 Hugo, Victor, 16 Humala, Ollanta, 166 Humala, Rafael, 98 
287 
Index 
Huntington, Samuel 
P 
162-163 Hussein, Saddam, 27-28, 41, 188 
ideology, 55-57 
and America's wars, 60-70 Communism, 59, 87, 98, 102-103, 105-106,154 
democratism, 57, 73-74 fascism, 70, 98 Jacobinism, 60, 70 Leninism, 59 
Maoism, 59, 151, 154 Marxism, 58-59, 70-73 Nazism, 59, 70, 87, 98, 102-103, 104 
neoconservatism, 57, 72-73, 73-74,123,255 Stalinism, 59, 71 
Ignatius, David, 14, 15 immigrants, 6-12 and crime, 165, 170 hostility toward, 10-11 illegal aliens, 9,10-11,139,162, 237,244-246 
Imus, Don, 183 India, 5,122 Indonesia, 5 Intel, 225 International Bank for 
Reconstruction and Development, 158 International Court of justice, 158, 159 
International Monetary Fund, 158 International Trade Organization, 158 
Internet, 230 Iran, 122,249 Bush and, 38-39 ethnic problems in, 5 as a nuclear power, 17, 129, 254-255 
and terrorist acts, 45 U.S. and 253-256 Iraq 
Bush and, 38-39 Christians in, 5, 85, 249 
elections in, 17-18 ethnic problems in, 5 troop withdrawals from, 17 U.S. invasion and occupation (Operation Iraqi Freedom), 16-23,51-53,87-89,102,111, 129-130,236,249 
U.S. invasion and occupation, opposition to, 51-53 Ireland, 2 
Irish in America, 6 Islam, 95 
and Christianity, 76-77, 85 and democracy, 76-77, 84-86 intolerance of, 145-146 
and secularism, 76 
and violence, 5, 145, 170, 185 U.S., hostility toward, 148-149 the West, hostility toward, 170, 185 
as a world power, 143-149 and Zionism, 145 
See also Muslims Islamic Jihad, 43 Islamists 
and elections, 98 and the U.S., 138 Israel, 147 
and Iran, 18 
Lebanon, attack on, 15, 17, 102 and multiculturalism, 243-244 and the Six-Day War, 49 
U.S. relations with, 120 Italy, 4, 18 
Jackson, Andrew, 113,197 Jackson, Thomas J. 'Stonewall,' 172 
Jacobinism, 60, 70 
Jamestown settlement, 169-173, 174 Japan, 158 
automobile industry in,219-220 and Pearl Harbor, 40, 45, 49, 67-68 
U.S. trade deficit and, 222 U.S. treaties with, 117 
as world power, 155-156 
288 
Index 
Jay, John, 179 Jeffers, Robinson, 68 Jefferson, Thomas, 60-62, 112, 195, 241 
Declaration of Independence, 60-61,64,65-66 
and slavery, 61-62, 171 Jeffrey, Terry, 84 
Johnson, Chalmers, 126-127 Johnson, Lyndon B., 38, 88 Johnson, Samuel, 61 Jonquieres, Guy de, 141-142 
Kagan, Frederick, 58 Kahn, Herman, 68 Kant, Immanuel, 156-157 Kashmir, 5 
Kazakhstan, 2, 122 Kerman, George, 86,263 Kennedy, Edward, 32 Kennedy, John E, 48-49, 115-116, 181,246,260,262-263 Kennedy, Paul, 13-14 
Kerry, John, 20,242 
Keynes, John Maynard,192-193, 198-199 
Khalizad, Zalmay, 159-160 Khomeini, Ayatollah, 41 Khorokovsky, Mikhail, 124 Khrushchev, Nikita, 78 Kim, Pete, 211 
Kim Jong-Il, 17, 41 Kim 11-Sung, 45 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 9, 175 King, Martin Luther, Sr., 175 King, Rodney,183 
Kipling, Rudyard, 104, 250 Kirk, Russell, 55, 55-57, 62, 86 Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 132-133, 134 Kissinger, Henry, 118 
Korean War, 40, 116, 117 Kosovo,3,122-123 Krauthammer, Charles, 133-134 Kurdistan, 102 
Kuwait, 28 
Kyoto Protocol, 159 Kyrgyzstan, 2,122 
Langewiesche, William, 163 Latin America 
illegal immigrants and crime, 165 
U.S. treaties with, 119 
Le Monde, 
35 
League of Nations, 83-84, 87, 98, 113-114,157-158 
Lebanon elections in, 17 
Israel's attack on, 15, 17, 102 Lee, Robert E., 172 
Lega Nord, 4 
LeMay, Curtis, 67-68 Lenin, Vladimir, 60, 71 Leninism, 59 Leo,John,183,184 Libby, I. Lewis 'Scooter,' 30 Libya, 45 
Lincoln, Abraham, 8, 40, 49, 102, 130-131,188,191,195,202 Emancipation Proclamation, 63 Gettysburg Address, 62,64-66 and slavery, 62-64 
Lind, Michael, 96, 97 Lippmann, Walter, 109-111,189 Lipset, Seymour Martin, 169 List, Friedrich,197-198, 224 Lithuania, 30-31 
Lloyd George, David, 84,170 'Locksley Hall' (Tennyson,157 'Lost Leader, The' (Browning), 13 Louis XVI, 60, 100 
Luce, Henry, 27, 167 
McCain, John, 88-89 Macedonia, 3 Machiavelli, Niccol6, 23 McKinley, William, 98,191 McKinnell, Henry, 208 Madison, James, 171, 197, 202 Mallaby, Stephen, 216 Mandelbaum, Michael, 165-166 Manila Pact of 1954, 116,118 manufacturing, 199-203 
Manufacturing & Technology Report, 
201 
289 
Index 
Mao Zedong, 38, 41, 45, 94, 155, 253-254 
Maoism, 59, 151, 154 Martin, Paul, 161 Marx, Karl, 58-59, 71-72, 229 Marxism, 58-59, 70-73 Masaryk, Tomas, 100-101 MEChA militants, 166 Medicare, 235,239-240 
Mein 
Kampf (Hitler), 59 Mengistu, 37 
Merkel, Angela, 142 Message, The (film), 77 Mexico 
illegal immigrants, 10-11, 139, 162,165,237 
race and ethnicity in, 5 U.S. trade deficit, 203, 222 Microsoft, 225 
Middle East, elections in, 17 Milton, John, 5, 76 Monroe, James, 47, 171 Monroe Doctrine, 47 Montenegro, 3 
Morales, Evo, 18, 98, 166 Morgan, J. P., 209 Moro, Aldo, 98 Moynihan, Patrick, 5 Muhammad, 76 multiculturalism, 148,173-175, 176-179,180-181,187-88, 240-243 
gay marriage, 241-242 Murdoch, Rupert, 218 Musharraf, Pervez, 35 Muslims 
and guerrilla warfare, 146-148 as immigrants in Europe, 139, 170,185 
population of, 145 See also Islam Muslim Brotherhood, 17, 98, 145 Mussolini, Benito, 67, 69, 98,158 Myrdal, Gunnar, 183 
Napoleon, 59, 100, 112 Napoleon 11, 124 
Nardelli, Robert, 208 Nation, 225 
National Association of Manufacturers, 230 National Endowment for Democracy, 70, 75, 123 National 
Interest, 
73, 131, 162 National Journal, 22,162-163 National Security Strategy of 
the United 
Sates, 45-46 
Native Americans, 7,175 colonists and, 170-171, 173 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 35, 43, 115-116, 116,121,123,130,165,258 Nazism, 59, 70, 87, 98, 102-103, 104 
neoconservatism, 255 
Bush and, 72-73, 74-78, 78-79, 80-81,81-86,123 
and democratism, 57, 73-74 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 18 New Mexico; Hispanics in, 9 
New 
Republic, 
180, 207 
New York Times, 18, 20, 30, 84,167, 208-209,227 
New Zealand 
 .
	Day of Reckoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Wade, 
8,181, 242 Romney, Mitt, 241-242 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 15, 65, 98, 158, 202, 262 
and the Four Freedoms, 69-70 Roosevelt, Theodore, 191, 195, 202, 209,237,263 
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 60, 178 Rumsfeld, Donald, 34-35,152 Rushdie, Salman, 77, 146 Russia, 140 
Chinese-Russian relations, 19 and Lithuania, 30-31 secessionist movement in, 4 U.S.-Russian relations, 19, 120-125,256-260 
291 
Index 
Russian Empire   - World War I and, l 
See 
also Soviet Union Russian Revolution, 1, 71 Ruth, Babe, 207 
Saakashvili, Mikhail, 19 
Sadr, Moqtada al-, 17-18, 20, 98 Sageman, Mark, 96 
Salisbury, Lord, 109,170 Samuelson, Robert, 16, 239-240 San 
Francisco, 
126-127 
Sao 
Paulo (Brazil), prison riots in, 163-164 
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 175 Satanic Verses (Rushdie), 146 Saud, King Abdul Aziz ibn, 15 Saudi Arabia, 37,127-128 Say, Jean-Baptiste, 197 Schoomaker, Peter, 17 Schwartzkopf, Norman, 28 Scotland, 4 
Scottish National Party, 4 SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), 116,118 Second American Century (Brzezinski), 167 
'Second Coming, The' (Yeats), 1 Serbia, 3, 122-123 
Seward, William, 124 Sharon, Ariel, 15 Simpson, O. J., 183 Sistani, Ali al-, 84 'Sixteen Tons' (song), 213 Slate, 214-215 
slavery, 61-62,169,171-173, 175, 183 
Emancipation Proclamation, 63 Thomas Jefferson and, 61-62 Abraham Lincoln and, 62-64 Slovenia, 3 
Small Is 
Still 
Beautiful 
(Pearce),192 Smith, Adam, 193, 193-194 Smith, John, 171 
Social Security, 235, 239-240 
Social Contract, The (Rousseau), 60 Solzhenitzyn, Alexander, 123 
Sorrows of Empire, The 
(Johnson), 126 
South Korea, 261 
U.S. treaties with, 116-117 
See 
also Korean War sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), 215-218 
Soviet Union 
collapse of,1-2,140, 237 Communism, 59, 70, 87 Hitler-Stalin pact, 71 See also Russia 
Spain, 4 
Spanish-American War, 7, 40,113 Spengler, Oswald, 138 
Stalin, Joseph, 2, 38, 41, 45, 67, 69-70,78,114,115,125 Stalinism, 59, 71 
Starobin, Paul, 22,162-163 
State 
of Emergency 
(Buchanan), 7 Sterngold,James, 126-127 Stuart, J. E., 172 
successful societies, 81-86 religious freedom, 82 rights of women, 82 
and the will of the people, 81-82 Sudan,5 
Summers, Lawrence, 217-218 Suri, Abu Musab al-, 249-250 
Taft, Robert A., 129 Taiwan 
China and, 129,152,155,261 U.S.and,117-118,261-262 Tajikistan, 2, 122 
Talbott, Strobe, 3-4, 5-6, 11, 237 Taliban, 18, 35, 130, 138 Talleyrand, 100 
Taney, Roger B., 171 Tannehaus, Sam, 128 Taylor, A. J. P., 104 Tennyson, Alfred, 157 terrorism, 88-89, 95, 97-100 Axis of Evil, 37-39 Muslims and, 146-148,185 9/11,33-34,34-35,35-37,45, 102,188 
292 
Index 
and the U.S., 45-46 terrorists 
class and education of, 96-98, 99 Texas, Hispanics in, 9 
Thailand 
Islamic violence in, 5 U.S. treaties with, 118 Thomas, Cal, 185 
Time magazine, 3-4, 98,237 Tonelson, Alan, 199,211 Trotsky, Leon, 78 
Truman, Harry S., 38, 47, 69,103, 125 
See also 
NATO Truman Doctrine, 47 Turkey, 102, 140 Turkmenistan, 2 Tyco, 209 
U.S. Foreign Policy: 
Shield of the Republic 
(Lippmann), 109-111 
Ukraine, 2, 121 
Orange Revolution, 19 United Kingdom, 1, 2, 4, 14 United Nations, 159-160 United States 
African Americans and, 7, 61-64, 171-173,175-176 
alliances and treaties, 111-116, 116-120,128-130,252-253 automobile industry, 218-222 birth rate, 8 
civil rights movement, 175-176 cultural revolution, 148,173-175, 176-179,180-181,187-88, 240-243 
as debtor nation, 212-213, 215-218 
de-Christianizing of, 176-179, 180-181 
disuniting, 179-184 
free trade, 161-162,191-196, 196-206,223-224,227-229 greed and corruption, 207-210, 237-238 
high-tech deficit, 211-212, 225 
highway system, leasing out, 214-215 
Hispanics in, 8-11, 181 history of, 169-189 illegal aliens in, 9,10-11, 139, 162,237,244-246 immigration, 6-12,139,186-187 infrastructure, 236 manufacturing, 199-203 Medicare, 235, 239-240 national security and foreign investment, 217-218 
Native Americans and, 7, 170-171,173,175 population, 8, 181-184 racial composition, 181-184 second American century, 166-167 
Social Security, 235, 239-240 trade deficit, 202-203, 220-221, 222-224,246-249 
 trade deficit (U.S.-Chinese),
	Day of Reckoning

In 2002, Israeli troops reoccupied big chunks of the Palestinian territories and began construction of a controversial wall to cordon off the West Bank.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He also campaigned against controversial literature, charging that three popular novels had implicitly pornographic passages and a fourth was blasphemous.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Given the Brotherhood's controversial history, some affiliates have taken different names.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'I am dealing with fanaticism,' Sadat said in an angry three-hour speech to justify the controversial crackdown.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Yet Rafiq Hariri did have a vision, however controversial.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The specific turning point was the most controversial decision Hezbollah had yet taken-to enter politics.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Sheikh Sobhi Tufayli-the movement's fiery first secretary-general, who was controversial even within Hezbollah-had bolted.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                         The Imam had issued the controversial fatwa, incon
veniently, just before his death in 1989; it was difficult for his less pow
 erful successors to lift.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

But Ahmadinejad stood firm, insisting that only Iran could control the controversial fuel cycle.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

I met Ahmadinejad the evening after his UN speech at a small and controversial supper with the Council on Foreign Relations.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Initiating action on three controversial issues-political prisoners, women's rights, and political Islam-can start the process.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Othmani has since been a consensus builder, crafting compromises on issues that make Islamic parties most controversial-and preventing the party from being outlawed.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The turning point was a controversial visit by Ariel Sharon to the Temple Mount, the site of the Dome of the Rock and the al Aqsa mosque.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

But the younger Rajoub had an edge simply by preaching at the mosque every Friday.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Among his fighters and his fol
 lowers, he trumpeted 'the weapon of martyrdom' as the only edge over the major powers' military superiority.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The Party of God lost an important edge it might have had, or needed, down the road.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He wanted a deal with Israel that would ensure a long-term balance of power in the Middle East; he wanted no part o£ compromises that would give Israel an edge over the Arabs.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

They came to Iraq with the full knowl
 edge of Iraqi officials.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'We are at a potentially historic moment when the modern Arab state order that was created by the Europeans in 1920 has started to fray at its edges and its core, perhaps in what we might call the Great Arab Unraveling,' opined Rami Khouri, the Lebanese political columnist who dotes on American sports.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The goal of secret underground cells under his command was to eliminate the 'Zionist entity' and reestablish old Palestine in a state based on Islamic law.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The leadership inside had only one goal: to create a Palestinian state,' Shikaki said.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

But the Oslo goal proved elusive.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Its goal is to see 'the banner of Allah over every inch of Palestine.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

My ultimate goal was to see Khaled Mashaal, the leader of Hamas.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Hamas claimed its goal was only to end the factional fighting and restore order by bringing all armed factions under control of the unity government.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The utopian goal was to create Muslim societies, the seeds for cre
 ation of a different kind of state.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                                                          The Brotherhood's first goal is to build the Muslim individual= `the 
brother or sister with a strong body, high manners, cultured thought, ability to earn, strong faith, correct worship, conscious of time, of ben
 efit to others.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Hariri's goal is to eliminate the role of religious sects in politics
 completely.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Destroy
 ing that prison is a major goal on which the country's liberty depends.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The goal was a national conference to bring all sides together to make decisions.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Its goal, according to pamphlets shown on Syrian television, is to create an Islamic caliphate in the greater Syr
 ian region.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The second goal was to tap into Syria's rich history and market the country as a tourist destination.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The goal was to write an assessment of Syria's legal system, particularly laws affecting the press, women's rights, the economy, the judiciary, and the penal code.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The charismatic ayatollah, he told me, had proven to be only a function of the political transition, and not the symbol of its ulti
 mate goal.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Their goal was to cur
 tail the monarchy's powers.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The dual-purpose technology presented a special conundrum for the outside world, as Iran definitely had been on a longstanding and legal quest for nuclear energy-a goal dating back to the monarchy.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The goal was to seize two of Iran's highest-ranking security officials-General Minc jahar Frouzanda, chief of Revolution
 ary Guards intelligence, and Mohammed Jafari, the deputy of Iran's Supreme National Security Council.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Washington's goal was to con
 tain Iran, prevent it from developing a nuclear weapon, and changing the regime's behavior.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Iran's goal was to get U.S. troops to leave the region, ensure friendly govern
 ments rules in Iraq and Afghanistan, and contain American influence.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

By 2007, virtually every goal set by the United States for its inter
 vention in Iraq was more illusive than on the eve of war in 2003.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The goals and tactics of Palestinian politics have evolved through four stages since the so-called 
Nakba, 
the 'disas
 ter' or 'cataclysm,' of 1948.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Participating in national politics would have com
 promised its mission and goals.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Fatah and Hamas continued to share many goals, including the end of Israeli occupation, creation of a Palestinian state, and release of thousands of political prisoners.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In the early twenty-first century, the Brotherhood has evolved in its discourse and strategy, if not its goals.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The March 14 Movement, as it came to be known, achieved all four of its goals: By the end of April, only seventy-two days after Hariri's death and the protest began, Syria pulled out its last troops.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Its tone was militant, its goals absolute.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

184   DREAMS AND SHADOWS 
 Nasrallah then laid out Hezbollah's ten military and political goals.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

At worst, it achieved few of its goals.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Syria's ambitious goals in the region faced a similar fate.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In fairness, many have evolved, in varying degrees, in both tactics and goals since the Cold War's end.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The first count was opposition to the Baath Parry goals of 'unity, socialism, and progress'; the second was belonging to a group whose aim was to overthrow the regime.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The only common denominator was that both sides were willing to use brutal violence to achieve their goals.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Religion's utopian ideals define goals; its institutions offer instruments of action when other avenues are barred.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Music, Khamenei ruled, can cause deviant behavior and moral cor
 ruption among the young that is not compatible with the goals of an Islamic order.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In Syria, Iran's closest ally let foreign jihadists cross into neighboring Iraq, funnel Iranian arms to Hezbollah, and support radical Palestinian groups opposed to peace-undermining Washington's top strategic goals in the region.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'They base their goals on principles in their faith, but their platforms center on civil, not religious, issues.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

No foreign-policy initiative had been more disastrous to core American values, interests, goals, and status around the world.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

And his late-in-life wife and daughter led a luxurious life in Paris.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

When he died in late 2004, Arafat was buried at the Muqata, in a space cleared in the parking lot next to his old headquarters.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In the late 1980s, he was one of the original members of Hamas.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In late 2002, two years after his election, the People's Assem
bly rammed through approval-in twenty-four hours-of a govern
 ment report citing irregularities in Damanhur's 2000 election and calling for a new vote.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Her station stayed open late because, as often happens in the Middle East, many voters showed up at the end of the day.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The paper was already late, and I had to call every two or three minutes to keep it open.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Khamsins whip sands from the Sahara Desert across North Africa in late winter and can consume the horizon as completely as a dense fog.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Al Qaeda's chief ideo
 logue, Ayman al Zawahiri, was a teenager when he signed up, but he left in the late 1970s to join the more militant Islamic Jihad and then, in the 1990s, to merge forces with Osama bin Laden.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In Cairo, appointments often happen on Middle East time, meaning late, but I was ushered into the office o£ Mohammed Habib precisely at the appointed hour.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He volunteered that he had done geological research at the University of Missouri at Rolla in the late 1970s.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In the late 1980s, I visited a complex built around a Cairo mosque by a Brotherhood sympathizer.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The New Wafd was revived in the late 1970s and, again, became the main legal opposition party.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'They call late at night and say, `If you keep talking, he will never let him out of prison.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                    'Today, 
if 
you look at different depart
 ments in government, you will see people in their late thirties and early forties who are involved in key executive committees.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

And literacy is a phenomenon of the late twentieth century in both Syria and the wider Arab world.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

We met late on Easter Sunday, after he returned from Easter dinner.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Muslim extremists were linked to an escalating series o£ kidnap
 pings, bombings, grenade attacks, and assassinations in the late 1970s.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

At the entrance to the mosque's administra
 tion offices are two giant portraits-one of the late mufti, the other of Bashar al Assad.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Shaaban was running late, so I waited in a reception room.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

By the late 1980s, Soroush was deeply disillusioned, even with Kho
 meini.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The modern world has more than one source: reason, experi
 ence, science, logic,' he told me in the late 1990s.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In a series of investigative articles for the new crop of reformist newspapers, many of them started by Soroush's followers, Ganji linked Iran's intelligence ministry to the killings of dozens of dissidents in the late 1990s.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Yet Iran found itself in the late twentieth century smack in the middle of the 
326   DREAMS AND SHADOWS 
 world's largest nuclear zone.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                                                                                                         Iranian intel
ligence and judiciary officials accused them of promoting the kind of 'soft revolution' witnessed in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s 
338 
 and early 1990s.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'I was the generation that came of age in the late 1960s and 1970s.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The search for compromise by Islamic parties began in the late 1990s.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He penned another long open letter charging that the late king had looted billions from the national treasury and calling on the King Moham
 med to save his father from eternal damnation by returning the people's 'legitimate belongings' to alleviate Morocco's enormous poverty.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In a 'nationality correction' scheme in the late 1990s, the Baghdad government also forced minorities applying for anything from school enrollment to marriage licenses and car registrations to sign a form changing their national identity to Arab.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              SHADOWS 
ALSO BY ROBIN WRIGHr 
The Last Great Revolution: Turmoil and Transformation in Iran 
Sacred Rage: The Wrath of Militant Islam 
In the Name of God: The Khomeini Decade 
Flashpoints: Promise and Peril in a New World 
DREAMS 
A I1 D 
SHADOWS 
The Future of the Middle East 

ROBIN WRIGHT 



THE PENGUIN PRESS 
New York zoo8 
THE PENGUIN PRESS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA • Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) , Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2Ii ORL, England , Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) , Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)   Penguin Books India Per Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi-110 017, India ° Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) - Penguin Books (South Africa) ('Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa 
Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R OFT, England 
First published in 2008 by The Penguin Press, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                          The Arab Palestinian people, expressing themselves by the armed 
Palestinian revolution, reject all solutions 
which are substitutes for the total liberation of Palestine and reject all proposals aiming at the liquida
 tion of the Palestinian problem.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

We have led the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Egypt became a republic after the 
1952 
 revolution, when the Free Officers' Movement ousted flamboyant King Farouq.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

After Egypt's 1952 revolution, judicial authority steadily eroded under a sequence of strong presidents.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

His thinking influenced Iran's Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in the 1960s and 1970s in the run-up to Iran's Shiite revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'Don't fear that we will have a Khomeini here,' Sadat announced at a press conference, referring to the father of Iran's revolution two years earlier.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Over the next year, Kefaya's protests expanded the political bound
 aries wider than at any time since the 1952 revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

It was widely popular until it was forced to disband, along with other parties, after the 1952 revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Its power brokers were merchants, middle-class professionals, landown
 ers, and the bourgeoisie marginalized after the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

One of the major reasons the Egyptian regime appeared so brittle for so long was because President Mubarak refused to appoint a vice president-the route to the top job for all but one of Egypt's presi
 dents since the 1952 revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Lebanon's outpouring was never a revolution, like Ukraine's Orange Revolution, Georgia's Rose Revolution, or Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

It emerged in extremist spectaculars that were an extension of Iran's revolution, mixed with the pent-up anger of Lebanon's poorest sect, spurred by the inherited Shiite sense of persecution, and inflamed by Israel's lingering occupation of Shiite land.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The implications are obvious-worldwide Islamic revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He went off and later formed the rival Revolution of the Hungry.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

After a twelve-year investigation, Argentine prosecutors ordered the arrest of former Iranian President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani as well as the former Iranian foreign ministers and intelligence chiefs, two Revolution
 ary Guard commanders, two Iranian diplomats and a former Hezbollah security chief.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Capping the Cedar Revolution, the new March 14 coalition won the largest share of votes.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

First, the war increased the already rising Shiite tide that began with Iran's 1979 revolution, grew with Hezbollah in Lebanon, and expanded after Saddam Hussein's ouster in 2003 brought the long-repressed Shi
 ite majority to power in Iraq.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Iran's 1979 revolution exploited an Islamic identity as the force uni
 fying rival political trends to bring down a dynasty that had ruled for twenty-five centuries.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'As we have seen in Iraq, `regime change' is easy, but ensuring stability afterwards is very difficult,' Saleh wrote for 
The New York Times 
in an article enti
 tled 'Don't Rush the Revolution.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The French Revolution ended the Bourbon dynasty and introduced equality and civil liberty, but it imploded into a reign of terror.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                                                                                            264   DREAMS AND SHADOWS 
The Russian Revolution toppled the Romanov czar and introduced classless egalitarianism, but the new Soviet Union also spawned totali
 tarian rule for the next seventy years, until its failure opened the way for the current still-tentative experiment with democracy.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The same process is underway in Iran, the launching pad for the Middle East's most zealous and novel revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Iran's Islamic upheaval is the only original revolution among the half-dozen uprisings that have rumbled across the Middle East over the past century, because it introduced a genuinely new political ideology that altered the world's political spectrum.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Born in 1945, Soroush came from the kind of lower-middle-class family that formed the revolution's backbone.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The first in his family to go to university and the first to go to the West, Soroush took a break from his studies in London to visit Khomeini in France in 1978, as the revolution was building up steam back home.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He was the youngest of seven men named to the Committee of the Cultural Revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

But the turmoil of the revolution's first decade took a toll.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The majority have fled sporadic persecution since the revolution, although Isfahan remains the largest Jewish community in the Middle East outside Israel.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                                          Foreshad
owing the 1979 revolution, the revolt was launched by the same pow
 erful troika-the clergy, bazaar merchants, and the intelligentsia-that would come together again later in the century.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Iranians turned to revolution only after evolution twice failed.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'You know, our revolution was a haphazard, chaotic, and theoryless revolution, in the sense that it really wasn't well thought out-not by the leader, not by the people.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

And the outcome will be not another revolution, but reform.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

But the bonds with Soroush strengthened as he, too, grew disillusioned with the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'The more we had repression, executions, as the revolution started swallowing its own children, I started to see this unbelievable reality, and from the other side I started to read about revolutions throughout history.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'I realized that repression is in the essence of revolution,' he said, smiling, the crows'-feet around his eyes crinkling.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'And I realized that we cannot produce democracy with revolution.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Iran's revolution was born in circumstances that could never have led to democracy, he wrote.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

From his isolated cell in Tehran's notorious Evin Prison, Ganji acknowledged that most Iranians were wary of more revolution, war
 fare, turmoil, and uncertainty.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Ganji was not among the well-heeled in the villas and condos of North Teh
 ran who had rejected the revolution from the early days.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He was not among the thousands o£ the Western-educated elite embarrassed by the revolution's excesses and Iran's isolation.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'No other dissident has emerged since the revolution who has the respect of all the disparate elements of Iranian society, from Revolu
 tionary Guardsmen and Basij [volunteers], senior clergy and religious intellectuals, to the secular and religious middle class within Iran, and the strong Iranian exile communities in Europe and North America,' Karim Sadjadpour, the Iran analyst for the International Crisis Group, told me.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

-RUSSIAN PLAYWRIGHT ANTON CHEAHOV 
 The most radical revolutionary will become a conservative the day after the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He is only the second person to have the job; he has already held it twice as long as the revolution's founder.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The revolution's founder was popularly known as the Imam, an honorific denoting someone considered by the faithful to be capable of leading them in all aspects of life; his successor was a midlevel mullah with marginal credentials, scholarly or otherise, who had to be hastily elevated to ayatollah over the objections of many peers.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He was the first Iranian leader to speak at the United Nations since the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

His debut at the world body, in full clerical garb and turban, reflected the revolution's early hubris.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He then portrayed Iran's revolution as a contribution to global order because it had toppled a monarchy that had been in 'the service of imperial powers, particularly the United States.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Yet Khamenei has emerged as the revolution's most enduring con
 stant during its first three decades.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The first big debate was about who should lead the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

It was the revolution's bloodiest phase.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The election, held six months after the Imam's return, marked the day the revolution was hijacked by the clergy.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

So the Imam's decision to put clerics in charge of a modern govern
 ment was a revolution within Shiism as well as in Iranian politics.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

They were formed in the revolution's early days to protect the clerics, specifically to prevent the conventional military from try
 ing to launch a coup.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The Imam even decreed that clerics could not run in the first presidential election, which took place a year after the revolution, in January 1980.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Before the revolution, he wrote exten
 sively on how Islamic economics could replace either capitalism or communism.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Once he dared to warn that the revolution was 'committing suicide.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

But new restrictions are not what many Iranians expected out of the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

And it has still not been resolved three decades after the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

But ten years into the revolution, the two men had a final and polit
 ically fatal falling-out when Montazeri dared to criticize the Islamic republic and its rulers.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

People from Shiraz-a former Iranian capital in the south famed for its roses, poets, sunshine, and, before the revolution, its wine-are noted for their lively charm and sense of humor.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In 1999, Iran's Special Court for the Clergy charged and tried Kadivar for 'dissemi
 nating lies about Iran's sacred system,' defaming Islam, and 'helping the enemies of the revolution.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

   'At least ninety-five percent of the clergy have not been beneficia
ries of the revolution,' Hadi Semati, the Tehran University political 
298   DREAMS AND SHADOWS 
 scientist, told me.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Three decades after the revolution, Iranians are increasingly deri
 sive about the regime's clerics.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'Either officials change their methods and give freedom to the people and stop interfering in elections,' he warned in 2004, 'or the people will rise up with another revolution.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

During the revolution's first decade, there was only one party.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'People were enthusiastic because that election offered the biggest choice of candidates since the revolution,' Hach Semati, the political analyst, told me.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Khatami ran just as the youth bulge born after the revolution came of voting age.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Iranians sent a decisive message: They were rejecting a generation of conservatives who had dominated politics since the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Even after the revolution, the United States maintained relations, bought Iran's oil, and continued to sell it weapons.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Before, we carried out a revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In 1999, the banning of the popular reformist paper Salam-edited by Abbas Abdi, another former hostage taker-triggered the largest protest since the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

For two decades after the revolution, Iran's master wheeler-dealer was Ali Akbar Hashemi Raf
 sanjani, the cleric with the Cheshire-cat grin.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

After the Imam's sudden death in 1989 left the revolution without its father figure, Rafsanjani crafted the post-Khomeini era almost single
 handedly.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

He came of age during the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'We did not have a revolution,' he said, 'in order to have democracy.''
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'A new Islamic revolution has arisen,' he said.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

They were young adults during the revolution and worked their way up through the Islamic system, often as its foot soldiers in the war with Iraq.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

With crony
 ism rampant again, Iranians complained that the oil-rich country was run after the revolution by 1,000 families close to the clerics.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Second, Ahmadinejad's populist economic message appealed to Ira
 nians made poorer since the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Shortly after the revolution, the clerics had called on Iranian women to breed an Islamic generation.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'We'd just had a revolution that faced threats from both internal and external enemies,' Ayatollah Nasser Makaram-Shirazi told The New York Times.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'We wanted to increase the number of people who believed in the revolution in order to preserve i
 t.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

So in 1989, the year the Imam died, the regime had an economic epiphany: To sustain the revolution, Iran itself had to survive-and that meant keeping a modern state afloat.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

By the 2005 election, Iran's population had hit about seventy million, twice its size during the revolution a quarter century earlier.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Its 1979 revolution was almost as much about shedding a legacy of foreign influence as it was about abolishing the monarchy.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Since then, the regime has also exploited tensions-and frequently fueled them-to rally support when the revolution was los
 ing steam.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The Imam even dubbed it 'the second revolution.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

After the revolution, Iraq's 1980 invasion-which sparked the lon
 gest and deadliest conflict in the modern Middle East-deepened the defensive mind-set.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The program was reportedly hatched by the shah but suspended after the revolution.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

After the revolution, the main Tehran boulevard that cuts across the entire capital was renamed Vali-e Asr, or 'the expected one.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

In his rhetoric and actions, Ahmadinejad was increasingly a throw
 back to the angry militancy and misadventures of the revolution's early years.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The Quds Force was tasked with exporting the revolution.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The three largest Shiite movements in Iraq-the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq, Dawa, and the per
 sonal movement built around renegade cleric Moqtada Sadr-all had close ties to Iran, some dating back decades.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

But the common denominator was the Revolution
 ary Guards.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'So we decided,' he said, drawing quietly on a cigarette, 'that we wanted to make a proletarian revolution.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'We dreamed of revolution,' she told me.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Even groups with provocative names, such as the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, now participate in secular politics.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Robin Wright, 'Quiet Revolution: Islamic Movement's New Phase,' third of a five-part series, 'Politics in the Name of God,' The Christian Science Monitor, Nov. 6, 1987.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Yassin Haj Saleh, 'Don't Rush the Revolution,' The New York Times, June 4, 2005.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Hamid Algar, Islam 
and 
 Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (Berkeley, CA: Mizan Press, 1981), pp. 169-173.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Shaul Bakhash, The 
ReiSn of 
 the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution (New York: Basic Books 1989), p. 75.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The Counter-revolution of the Cedars.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'Iran's New Revolution.'
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations 
of 
 Imam Khomeini.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Iran Awakening: A Memoir 
of 
 Revolution and Hope.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'Fhe Last Great Revolution: Turmoil and Transformation in Iran.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                                                                                    So, political change/transition 
Chile, 344 
China model, 129, 256 Chirac, Jacques, 146 Christians 
Egyptian, 84, 101, 105 Hamas and, 49 
Hezbollah and, 184, 185, 188-89 Lebanese, 138, 139-40 Palestinian, 14, 22, 48, 49 Syrian, 238, 240-41 
Citadel, 68 
City of the Dead, 69 clerics, Iranian clothing of, 303 derision of, 298 disagreements among, 285, 286-91, 294-300 Iraq war and, 415 
clothing, 13 Ahmadinejad's, 329 clerical, 303 
in Iran, 294, 303-4 Lebanese, 141-42 Syrian, 245 women's, 81, 354-55 Coalition Provisional Authority, 397 Code of Hanunurabi, 393 
Cold War, 230-31, 324, 338 
Cut unittee of the Cultural Revolution (Iran), 267 
communism, 230-31 Communist Party, Lebanese, 162 Communist Party, Syrian, 231, 261 Constitutions 
Iran's, 267, 272, 288, 290 Iraq's, 259, 260, 406, 407 Lebanon's, 140-41 Morocco's, 360, 362 Syria's, 259-60 
Cooper, Anderson, 201 
Council on Foreign Relations, 329, 330-32 counter jihad, 5 
Cousin, 
2133-16 Cyprus, 140 Cyrus the Great, 272 
 Dabbagh, Hosein.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                                       See also political change/transition 
Western, 8-9, 269 Democracy Digest, 77 Democracy Review, 133 demonstrations 
in Egypt, 67-68, 208 feminist, in Morocco, 365 injordan,5 
in Lebanon, 4-5, 150-53, 155, 156 in Morocco, 365 
Dinmme, Guy, 384-85 divorce, 364, 366, 367 'Don't Rush the Revolution' (Saleh), 238 Dreanis 
of 
Trespass: Tales 
of 
a Harem Girlhood (Mernissf), 353 
Druze, 138 Duelfer, Charles, 17 Duke, David, 331 
Dungeon of 
Ghosts (Ganji), 277 
Ebadi, Shirm, 280, 320 economyfes), 13 Egyptian, 129 Iranian, 318, 320-21 Iraqi, 412 
Syrian, 227, 255-57 education 
in Iraq, 393, 411-12 
in Morocco, 354-55, 359 of Palestinians, 29 
in Syria, 231 
of women, 354-55, 359 
 Egypt, 6, 45.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                               See clerics, Iranian clothingin, 294, 303-4 
Constitutional Rebellion of 1905-11, 273-74   Iranian hostage crisis, 266, 301, 305-8, 323 
constitution of, 267, 272, 288, 290   Iranian revolution, 12, 15-16, 211, 264-67, 
democracy and, 263-339   287-91 
dissidents in, 294-300   Iran-Iraq war, 267, 324-25 
economic sanctions against, 267, 293   cease-fire, 395 
economy of, 318, 320-21   consequences of, 325, 394-95 
Index 
Index 
Kuwait and, 395 Saudi Arabia and, 395 United States and, 325 Iraq 
Ahmadinejad on, 331 
 American intervention in.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

                                                                                               See 
also specific minorities 
Republican Manifesto (Gauji), 278 
Restless Nature of the World, The (Soroush), 275 Revolution of the Hungry, 177 
revolutions, 263-64, 277 
Rice, Condoleezza, 27, 48, 121, 206, 409, 410 Rushdie, Salman, 295, 305 
Russia, 49, 262, 327, 328 
Sadat, Anwar, 71, 76, 108, 110 Sadjadpour, Karim, 280-81 Sadr, Musa al, 163-64 
Said, Nader, 4, 20, 21, 27, 49, 50 
St. George Hotel (Lebanon), 147-48 Soladin, 68, 239, 384 
Salafi ideologues, 270 Salem, 310 
Salem, Nawaf, 140 Salameh, Ghassan, 5, 403 Salih, Ali Abdullah, 126 Saleh, Yassin Haj, 235-39, 414 
Index 
Salem, Paul, 8-9, 10, 13, 138, 414 
Salih, Barham, 182, 210, 382-83, 386, 387, 388,394 
 Satanic Verses, The (Rushdie), 295, 305 Saudi.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

'We are against revolutions in general and definitely against chaos,' Habib told me.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Because-two revolutions in one generation? Well, really! It's too much!' And he chuckled.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

And I ended up seeing one pattern-that all revolutions are the same, they follow the same rules, and they all deviate.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

Rafsajani garnered only one third of the tally.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

       The war carried political costs too, as Saddam cracked down bru
tally to keep Kurds in the northern mountains and Shiites in the south
 ern marshes along the Iranian border in check.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

This time, nearly eighty percent of Iraqis turned out, the highest tally so far.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

But Iran claims the tally has since soared as both troops and civilians have developed the telltale symptoms up to fifteen years later because low-dose exposure deferred physical deterioration or collapse.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

The exiled wing calculates its strength largely by tallying the num
 ber of people the government admits it has detained for activities related to the Brotherhood-some 30,000 over the previous fifteen years, by Bayanouni's count.
	Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East

This hot dog, 
 hypertuned, race-ready dynamo was more civilized than a Chrysler Imperial.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

The forest comes down to the edge of the roadside ditches.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

Other than that it was just another day, with the engine overheating all the time and a new vapor lock problem that happened only on the edge of precipices or in the middle of 
 blind curves.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

Every edge of metal was filed smooth as a Gucci belt buckle and painted more carefully than a thing in the Louvre.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

We went out to dinner at a place on the edge of town.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

Cliffs rose without preamble from one edge of the asphalt and dropped like ruined stockbrokers from the other.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

I'd roll off the edge of Mulholland Drive into Benedict Canyon like a dive-bomber.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

We drove along the edge of the Nellis Nuclear Testing Site for about thirty miles and didn't see any Guggenheim Museum-sized grasshoppers or six-armed mutant prospec
 tors with giant glowing burros.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

Edges of fresh
 torn metal glittered in the shadows.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

Yew! Taillights! I'm in the wrong lane!) The shift lever, on my extra-clumsy left side, is goal post-length with first down distances between gears.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

They run around loudly enjoying them
 selves, causing the distracted minivan driver to back into the soccer field goal posts whether the minivan has a rear view camera or not.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

Thus the jeep is very cool, letting you feel like you're on an important mission every time you get behind the wheel and, at the same time, getting you away from the annoying responsibilities and pesky goals that important mis
 sions always entail.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

Which has something to do with cars, but there are times I wished I'd stayed in Toledo and starred in late-night local TV commercials: 'Arrrgh, mateys, sail on down to Pirate Pat's Treasure Island Buick, where prices walk the plank!
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

David E. assigned the photography to the late, and much missed, Humphrey Sutton.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

The foregoing is a fair sample of the kind of lie that car journalists tell each other late at night in bars.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

It took us from morning until late afternoon to pack the Jeeps with the other things.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

One great thing about driving exhausted late at night is that you get all sorts of wild ideas.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

The trouble with having wild ideas while driving exhausted late at night is that the ideas are rarely wild enough to compete with what you're driving past.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

are all built to accommodate late
 career Marlon Brando.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

The late-nineteenth-century Writers Building is crumbling and dirty although a row of large, carefully tended 
 potted plants decorates the sidewalk below its windows.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

We'd be late-apexing, heel
 toeing, and power-sliding at the right hand of God.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       It should start somewhere midst the unemployable swamp Yankees of inland Maine or upstate New York; dash to the sooty and caved-in-upon deni
zens of central Pennsylvania's coal towns; sweep west into the benighted rust belt with a pit stop in the pit that is De
troit; roar to Chicago to do a half dozen laps on a new state
financed speedway around the Reverend Wright's old church; come back via the bare ruined choirs where late Ohio's fac
tories were; head down through Appalachia, home to seventy
five years of poverty programs, which have begotten, you guessed it, poverty; make a long loop traversing the ghettos of Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Newark, and New York while moving (it is to be hoped) faster than a speed
ing bullet (or bullet train); return south to pause for fuel, tires, and sundry repairs in the vicinity of Senator John Edwards's privations and disadvantaged home life; push west again, bringing to the hookworm and pellagra belt the deliverance -as it were-of tourist dollars; 
experience 
some off-roading more extreme than the Baja's off the debris-clogged roads of New Orleans and into its hair-raising abandoned neighborhoods; then make the toothless mouths of the Ozark natives gape; blast onward to carry some population into the 
230 
DRIVING LIKE CRAZY 
rapidly depopulating Great Plains states; and hasten at last to Nevada, Arizona, and California for time trials on the S-bends of subdivision streets where park fees will save the faux-Tara porch columns, lawyer foyers, three-barge garages, media rooms, and granite-topped kitchen counters with their granite-headed mortgage holders from the subprime melt
 down crisis.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

(Remember the 1950 which
 way-did-they-go Studebakers?) This is the ugliness that caused William Blake, at the beginning of the industrial revolution, to speak of 'dark Satanic mills'-dark satanic mills that were giving people cash, social mobility, and an opportunity to escape a hundred generations of chopping weeds with hoes.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

I ran out of nerve at what Jeannie Davis clocked as 130 miles per hour, well before the Suzuki's sixth gear ran out of revolutions per minute.
	Driving Like Crazy: Thirty Years of Vehicular Hell-bending, Celebrating America the Way It's Supposed To Be -- With an Oil Well in Every Backyard, a Cadillac ... of the Federal Reserve Mowing Our Lawn

How of
 ten did the family go to church? Had they been present for any of the controversial sermons? Michelle made it cleat that she'd never much liked Wright.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Sanded down every jagged edge from her 
42   -   GAME CHANGE 
 formerly serrated public image.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Already troubled by Clinton's flaws, Geffen was pushed over the edge in 2001, when the outgoing president pardoned fugitive financier Marc Rich but didn't do the same for Leonard Peltier-a Native American activ
 ist who some in Hollywood believed was wrongly convicted and sentenced to life in prison for murdering two federal agents.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

But she could scarcely com

 prehend the situation in which she now found herself-gasping for air after just two contests, her campaign on the edge of bankruptcy, with no clear plan for how to win.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

The significance of Obama's new financial edge was magnified by the calendar.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

But by the weekend before the vote, the polls remained razor-edge close.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

But Obama missed them all terribly and questioned whether the separation was worth it when all he seemed to be doing in the Senate was nibbling around the edges.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Her goal was to better fortify her party against the dense, cold-blooded armament of the Bush White House, to lay a protective groundwork for Democratic interests on the Hill.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

'Our goal in this first quarter is to show we have the muscle to win-to live up to the financial expectations.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

The campaign had set an ambitious goal: $12 million for the first quarter.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Still, Obama was as shocked as anyone when his fund-raising team more than doubled its goal and beat Clinton in the first quarter.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

'I always thought my goal in all of this was to do everything I could to help you become the next president of the United States.'
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

The Obama campaign's goal of reviving memories of the Clinton soap opera had been achieved.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Hillary uttered not a peep of protest, insisting that her goal all along had been to give a speech that was generous and unimpeachable.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Their goal was to wrap up the campaign without further damage to his reputation or a plunge deeper into debt.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

'So our goal is to be off the radar screen.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

The goal struck them as arbitrary, but what the hell? If it helped McCain to have a tangible marker, fine.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

McCain talked about the goal incessantly from then on.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

'In the spirit of unity,' she said, 'with the goal of victory, let's declare together in one voice, right here, right now, that Barack Obama is our candidate and he will be our president!'
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Yet three of the five short-listers produced by this seemingly rigor
 ous process failed to meet its chief goal.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Her campaign proclaimed that it intended to raise $15 million in the first three months of 2007 and $75 million by the end of the year, both aggressive-sounding goals that were in fact 
84   -   GAME CHANGE 
 low-ball numbers.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

He had fallen far short of his fund-raising goals.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

It was very late December 2007, a few days ahead of the Iowa caucuses.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

He woke up late, played some basketball, went for a haircut with Marty Nesbitt, a pal of his from Chicago.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Yet Hillary wondered if it was too late for that.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

More than any election in memory, 2008 was a battle in which the candidates were celebrities, larger-than-life characters who crashed together to create a story uncommonly emo
tional for politics; a drama rich and captivating and drenched in mod
ern complexities surrounding race, gender, class, religion, and age; a multimedia spectacle that unspooled 24/7 on the Web, cable television, 
10   •   GAME CHANGE 
the late-night talk shows, and Saturday 
Night 
 Live.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

She enlisted John Hart, a veteran of Bill's 1992 campaign, to analyze the logistics of a late entry: the filing deadlines, the feasibility of securing sufficient delegates to claim the nomination.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

One day late that fall, Clinton summoned James Carville, the ar
 chitect of Bill's victory in 1992, to her Senate office.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

In late October, fresh out of the hospital, looking pallid and gaunt and sounding winded, he made a last-ditch effort to help save his party's standard-bearer, speaking in front of a crowd of one hundred thousand at a Kerry rally in Philadelphia.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Pete Rouse was a round man in his late fifties with a head of thick salt-and
 pepper hair, a gruff manner, and a voice that sounded as if he gargled with gravel.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Then, in late August 2005, Hurricane Katrina happened-and brought Obama to a different place.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

By the late fall of 2005, the former president was convinced that his wife needed to find her way to a more politically palatable position.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

'I don't see why I should have to before late spring,' she said.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

We want to intimidate the possibility of late entrants like Gore.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Many of the skeptics of Penn's approach recalled with concern a presentation he'd given in a meeting late in 2006 that summed up what they considered his point of view: Hillary needed to be seen by Democrats as the inevitable nominee.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Clinton would phone Geffen all the time-at home, in the car, late at night-and would often stay with Geffen when he was in Hollywood.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

After coming across it on the Web late that night, at 1:15 a.m.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

They helped keep the perennially late Obama on schedule; he didn't like to make the agents wait around for him.)
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

In the late spring, Axelrod, Plouffe, and Rouse took Obama out to dinner in D.C. He had been complaining in front of the staff more than usual, so they decided to give him a chance to vent.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

He started showing up late for prep sessions or cutting them short.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

But many were left still wondering if it was too late to stop Hillary, espe
 cially if Obama was unwilling to kneecap her.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

When Edwards caught fire in late 2003, he started getting a rush from the larger crowds, and lost interest in smaller rooms or individual meetings.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

She would stay up late scouring the Web, pulling down negative stories and blog items about her husband, forwarding them with vicious messages to the communications team.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

It was late in the afternoon on March 21, 2007, and John and Elizabeth had called their closest aides together to talk about her health.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

But it was too late.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

When the funds for crowd-building finally arrived, it was too late-the Obama campaign had already snatched up the prime seats in the place.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

On the night of the event, Clinton and her team arrived late to Vet
 erans Memorial Auditorium and Hillary retreated to a trailer to squeeze in a rushed final read-through or two.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Because it was so late, and because her supporters tended to be older, her crowd, which was smaller than Obama's to begin with, had thinned out appre

THE TURNING POINT   -   
151 
 ciably.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

He knew there always came a moment, late in the game, when a candidate either found his voice or didn't, when the souffl€ ei
 ther rose or fell.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Once again, Bill and Penn pressed the argument for going negative against Obama on TV Hillary had been hitting Obama harder of late.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

The internal advocates of humanizing her were thrilled, although they worried that it was too late.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

A quiet dinner with his wife was on the schedule for late that night.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

You're gonna be late for your first event, Solis Doyle said.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

The Clintons were both running late for their first events of the day.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

By late afternoon, as word seeped out into the campaign, Hillary started hearing from those who thought getting rid of Solis Doyle would be a mistake.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

The first wave of exit polls from the networks late that afternoon began to provide an answer, and not the one the Obamans were expect
 ing.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Bill was closely monitoring the late returns from the Hanover area, eager to see if his broadside at Dartmouth had worked.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Back at his hotel late that night with friends, he compared himself to a comet-and the next morning, at a fund-raising breakfast in Boston, to Icarus.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

The meeting ran from the late afternoon until nearly midnight and included a sprawling cast of characters: Bill, Chelsea, the original high command, and many of the old-guard Clintonites now being hauled into service.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

At this late date, it was as if they were starting from scratch.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

In Greenville that afternoon, Obama got into a testy confrontation with a reporter he knew well, Jeff Zeleny, late of 
The Chicago Tribune 
and now at 
 The New York Times.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

                                                       He told report
ers that the Clinton campaign was 'reprehensible,' that it was using 
 the playbook of the late GOP strategist Lee Atwater, the progenitor of a shameful litany of racially exploitive Republican campaign tactics.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

There was little doubt that Obama would win, but how polarized would the outcome be? One late poll suggested the answer might be: very.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Obama was busy campaigning the next day and didn't reach him until late that night.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

He was meeting with the Clintons and the Hillaryland high command one day in late March, trying to figure out how to handle the Wright story.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

In late March, video surfaced of her being greeted at Tuzla airport by cheerful children, with Chelsea smiling beside her.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

When Obama did, late that evening in his hotel room, he was stunned.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Making the situation all the more absurd was the birth in late February of Rielle Hunter's baby, a girl she named Frances Quinn.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Penn believed that a late-breaking story on Rezko might disqualify Obama.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

She flew back to New York late in the night, her anger draining away, replaced with dyspho
 ria.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Tina Flournoy, a savvy labor politico who'd joined the campaign in its late stages, drew an analogy to the Civil War.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Late on Friday night, the speech 
262   -   GAME CHANGE 
 was locked-or so everyone thought.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

In fact, Hillary and Bill stayed up late revising and reworking, editing and reediting the thing.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

A familiar presence on the late-night talk show circuit, he was wry and funny; his winking irony and accessibility made him a favorite of the press.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

By late 2006, McCain had another vulnerability, and an unexpected one.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Members of the McCain senior staff discussed the unsettling news, amid their growing concerns that Cindy's behavior had been increas
 ingly erratic of late.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

In late May, McCain stood alongside Ted Kennedy and an
 nounced his support for the bill.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

They'd first met at New York's City Hall in the late nineties, when Giuliani was mayor.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Or maybe Fred Thompson would be the one to seize the moment; the former Tennessee senator and Hollywood actor, familiar from his regular role on Law e7 Order, had been making noises for months about a late entry into the race.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Compounding the problem was the candidate's unwillingness to talk openly about his faith, until it was too late.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

At a town hall up in North Hav
 erhill in late November, the audience was practically hanging from the rafters.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

One day in late October, out of the blue, McCain told Charlie Black, 'We gotta get to twenty percent by December first' in New Hampshire.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Then, in late November, they all looked up, and there he was: Fox News put him at 21 percent, just eight points behind Romney.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

                               As the chairman of the Senate Commerce Com
mittee in the late nineties, he held sway over regulations that affected 
306   •   GAME CHANGE 
 companies she represented.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

From early in the morning until late at night, he was distracted, tense, and gruff.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

It was late in the afternoon by then; Hillary had only a couple of hours before she had to be onstage.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

The tuto
 rial took up most of Monday, starting early and going late.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Soon enough, she had multiple tower
 ing stacks of cards, which she referred to constantly, sitting quietly and poring over them, lugging them back to her room to memorize late at night.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

On another, Obama called Paulson late at night at home and spent two hours discussing the intricate details of regulatory reform.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

McCain had a jam-packed schedule in New York for the next twenty-four hours: debate prep, an appearance on the 
Late Shaw with David Letterman, 
 a speech at the annual meeting of the Clinton Global Initiative.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

McCain had been on the 
Late 
 Show a dozen times.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

By the late afternoon, McCain finally got some good news.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

     When Cootie asked her to name examples of McCain's efforts to regu
late the economy, Palin said, 'I'll try to find some and bring them to 
 you.'
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

With her family now accompanying her most everywhere, making air-travel logistics a pain, she directed the campaign to 'schedule bus transportation instead of flights wherever possible, even if that means late night drives in the bus.'
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

In the span 
of 
 a few days in late September, he equated paying higher taxes with patriotism; made a comment at odds with Obama's position on clean coal; and offered a historical reference to the 1929 stock market crash in which he said that FDR was then the president (it was Hoover) and went on television (which hadn't yet been invented) to soothe the nation.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

In late October, Obama's focus group maestro, David Binder, was conducting a session with a group of swing voters in a Cleveland sub
 urb.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

                                                                       Obama's next stop was in Charlotte, North Carolina, late that af
ternoon, where twenty-five thousand people gathered to see him in a field opposite Duke Centennial Hall at the University of North Caro
 lina.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

At the first Podesta-led meeting to discuss potential Cabinet picks, in Reno, Nevada, in late September, Hillary's name was on the lists for State and Defense.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

She flew back to Washington late on a charter flight, arriving at White
 haven around midnight-and there, miraculously, she managed finally to reach the elusive Obama.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

                                                                                                                                             330,421 
U.S. troop surge in, 84, 278, 284, 297-98, 303-4,310,330 
Iseman, Vicki, 305-9, 314-16 Israel, 41, 44, 45, 329 Iverson, Allen, 331 
Jackson, Jesse, 214-15,238,267 Jackson, Jesse, Jr., 198 
James, LeBron, 26, 184 
Jarrett, Valerie, 30, 38, 58-59, 62, 67, 73, 109,113-17, 235, 236, 245, 248, 251, 338,429-31,436 
campaigning of, 3, 116-17, 188-89, 202, 242-43, 245-46, 253-54, 339, 375, 391-92 
John Paul II, Pope, 15 Johnson, Bob, 199, 261 Johnson, Lyndon B., 185, 197, 198, 199, 429 Johnson, Magic, 165, 184 
Jones, Paula, 308 Jordan, Vernon, 100 Justice Department, U.S, 252 
Kaine, Tim, 81, 267, 335, 340, 341 Karzai, Hamid, 398 
Katrina, Hurricane, 28, 139, 198, 366 
INDEX - 443 
Katzenberg, Jeffrey, 85-86, 87 Keller, Bill, 308 
Kennedy, Ethel, 217 
Kennedy, John F., 84, 219, 349, 413 Kennedy, John F., Jr., 227 
Kennedy, Robert F., 16, 24, 61, 217, 257, 339, 434 
Kennedy, Ted, 23,138, 267 
Clintons and, 207, 217, 218-19, 221, 227 1980 presidential bid of, 218, 267 
Obama endorsed by, 37, 215, 219-20, 221, 222, 223, 227, 349 
Senate career of, 284, 294, 325, 433 Kennedy, Vicki, 217 
Kerik, Bernard, 300 
Kerry, John, 23, 35, 40, 45, 46, 75, 106, 334, 430 
see afro election of 2004, Kerry's campaign in King, Larry, 418 
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 70, 131, 185, 197, 198, 199, 337, 350 
Kirkpatrick, Jean, 404 Klain, Ron, 391 Koch, Ed, 43 
Kramer, Orin, 106 Kravis, Henry, 382 Kristol, William, 408 Kucinich, Dennis, 145, 147 Kuwait, 329 
labor movement, 57, 124, 130, 181, 201, 240 
Late Show with David 
Letterman, 
382, 385 Leahy, Patrick, 239 
Lee, Jimmy, 382 Legend, John, 151 Lehman Brothers, 378, 379, 381, 392 LeMieux, George, 292 
Leno, Jay, 139 
Letterman, David, 385, 386 
Lewinsky, Monica, 15, 19, 34, 65, 86, 220 Lewis, John, 99, 231, 421 
Lieberman, Evelyn, 19, 77 Lieberman, Joe, 16-17, 359-60, 362 independent positions of, 303, 355, 356 McCain and, 302-4, 353, 354-58 Palin and, 401-3 
Limbaugh, Rush, 284, 316, 357 Lincoln, Abraham, 83 
Lingle, Linda, 401 
 Living History (H.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Gibbs tried to downplay the strange spectacle of his boss celebrating the Reagan Revolution in the midst of a Democratic nomination fight, pointing out that Obama had paid tribute to the Gipper before.
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

(The final tally would be $29 million-for 70,000 votes.)
	Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime

Religion-Controversial 
literature.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

It was Mrs. Watts's task, when I was a boy of about nine and at
 tending a school on the edge of Dartmoor, in southwestern England, to instruct me in lessons about nature, and also about scripture.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

The same, as it happens, is true of our own blue and rounded planetary home, where heat contends with cold to make large tracts of it into useless waste
 land, and where we have come to learn that we live, and have always lived, on a climatic knife edge.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

Taylor Branch's magnificent three-volume biography of Dr. King is successively titled 
Parting the Waters, Pillar of Fire, 
and 
 At Canaan's Edge.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

At the very extreme edge can be found the primeval puritanism of the Taliban, which devoted itself to discover
 ing new things to forbid (everything from music to recycled paper, which might contain a tiny fleck of pulp from a discarded Koran) and new methods of punishment (the burial alive of homosexuals).
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

Now that the responsibilities of Our pastoral function have increased Our opportunities, how much more ardently do We pray to reach that goal.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

Men like Marina were hateful and pathetic no doubt, and hateful and pathetic simultaneously, but this is no worse in principle than the numberless pacts made between church and empire, church and mon

 archy, church and fascism, and church and state, all of them justified by the need of the faithful to make temporal alliances for the sake of 'higher' goals, while rendering unto Caesar (the word from which 'czar' is derived) even if he is 'godless.'
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

Until the late 
 'suspicion of immoral behavior.'
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

                                I 
shall simply say that those who re

 I once heard the late Abba Eban, one of Israel's more polished and   garded his regime as a 'secular' one are deluding themselves.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

You are on a subway platform in New York, late at night, in a deserted station.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

When Dr. Samuel Johnson had completed the first real dictionary of the English language, he was vis
ited by a delegation of respectable old ladies who wished to congratu
 late him for not including any indecent words.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

In our own time, Mr. Hal Lindsey, author of the best-selling 
The Late Great Planet Earth, 
 has betrayed the same thirst for extinction.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

There is a celebrated story from Puritan Massachusetts in the late eighteenth century.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

Steven Hawking is not a believer, and when invited to Rome to meet the late Pope John Paul II asked to be shown the records of the trial of Galileo.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

As with spiritualist seances, which cynically offer burblings from the beyond to relatives of the late deceased, noth
 ing truly interesting is ever said or done.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

The colossal volcanic explosion at Krakatoa in the late nineteenth century provoked an enormous swing toward Islam among the terrified population of Indonesia.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

The late Senator Eugene McCarthy told me that he had once urged Senator Pat Robertson-father of the present television prophet-to support some mild civil rights legisla
 tion.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

I once watched the late Professor A. J. Ayer, the distinguished author of 
Language, Truth and Logic 
and a celebrated humanist, de
 bate with a certain Bishop Butler.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

In northern Uganda in late zoos, I sat in a center for the rehabili
 tation of kidnapped and enslaved children in the land of the Acholi people who live on the northern side of the Nile.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

I was a guarded admirer of the late Pope John Paul II, who by any human standards was a brave and serious person capable of displaying both moral and physical courage.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

The identical weird and dirty-minded misinformation is on offer, especially from Abd al-Aziz bin Baz, the late grand mufti of Saudi Arabia, whose warnings against onanism are repeated on many Muslim sites.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

As late as April 1945, on the news of the death of Hitler, President Eamon de Valera put on his top hat, called for the state coach, and went to the German embassy in Dublin to offer his official condolences.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

As late as the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, in relatively free societies such as Britain and the United States, unbe
 lievers as secure and prosperous as James Mill and Benjamin Franklin felt it advisable to keep their opinions private.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

(As late as the nineteenth century, William Ewart Gladstone covered reams o£ wasted paper trying to prove this about the ancient Greeks.)
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

I once sat in the Knesset office of the late Rabbi Meir Kahane, a vicious racist and demagogue among whose supporters the mad Dr. Baruch Goldstein and other violent Israeli settlers were to be found.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

The late Stephen Jay Gould generously wrote that science   at last be attempted, on the sole condition that we banish all religions l   and 
P 
 from the discourse.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

Some of these would still be in some danger i£ I were to name them, but I must admit my debt to the late Dr. Israel Shahak, who introduced me to Spinoza; to Salman Rushdie, who bravely witnessed for reason and humor and language in a very dark time; to Ibn Warraq and Irfan Khawaja, who also know something about the price of the ticket; and to Dr. Michael Shermer, the very model of the reformed and 
296 
Acknowledgments 
 recovered Christian fundamentalist.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

And he certainly had a sense-expressed in his emo
tional essay 
Literature and Revolution-of 
the unquenchable yearning 
of 
 the poor and oppressed to rise above the strictly material world and to achieve something transcendent.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

When the worst has been said about the Inquisition and the witch trials and the Crusades and the Islamic imperial conquests and the horrors of the Old Testament, is it not true that secular and atheist regimes have committed crimes and massacres that are, in the scale of things, at least as bad if not worse? And does not the corollary hold, 
230   
GOD IS NOT GREAT 
that men freed from religious awe will act in the most unbridled and abandoned manner? Dostoyevsky in his Brothers Karamazov was extremely critical of religion (and lived under a despotism that was sanctified by the church) and he also represented his character Smerdyakov as a vain and credulous and stupid figure, but Smerdya
kov's maxim, that 'if there is no God there is no morality,' understand
 ably resonates with those who look back on the Russian Revolution through the prism of the twentieth century.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

He was also more far-seeing than the Anglican Christian establishment in his native England, whose newspaper o£ record the London Times took the view that the Russian Revolution could be explained by 
 The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

On religious Web sites and in religious propaganda, you may come across a statement purportedly made by Albert Einstein in 
1940: 
 Being a lover of freedom, when the revolution came to Germany, I looked to the universities to defend it, knowing that they had always boasted of their devotion to the cause of truth; but, no, the universities immediately were silenced.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

In China, the Christian churches were overwhelm- 
244   GOD IS NOT GREAT 
 ingly identified with the foreign 'concessions' extracted by imperial powers, which were among the principal causes of the revolution in the first place.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

                                                                                                                                                        This is not to explain or excuse the killing of priests and nuns and the desecration of churches-any more than one should excuse the burning of churches and the murder of clergy in Spain dur
ing the struggle of the Spanish republic against Catholic fascism-but the long association of religion with corrupt secular power has meant that most nations have to go through at least one anticlerical phase, from Cromwell through Henry VIII to the French Revolution to the Risorgimento, and in the conditions of warfare and collapse that ob
 tained in Russia and China these interludes were exceptionally brutal ones.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

In the Bolshevik ranks, as among the Jaco
bins of 
1789, 
 there were also those who saw the revolution as a sort of alternative religion, with connections to myths of redemption and messianism.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

'Within the revolution anything,' as Fidel Castro was fond of remarking.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

'Outside the revolution-nothing.'
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

                                                                                                                                                              biblical fictions and, 102-3, 111-12, 116, 118, 12o-21 
child abuse and, 223-25 
Crucifixion of Jesus and, 
110-11, 
113, 116, 210, 251 
and destructiveness of religion, 16-17, 
1
9
-2
5, 27, 
30, 
3
2-
34, 36 
on eating pork, 37-41 health issues and, 49-51, 53 and immorality of religion, 193, 
2o6-8,210,212 King and, 174, 18o Koran and, 123, 128-29, 132 miracles and, 149-50 
rational resistance and, 255, 26o-63, 
272
-
74 
revelation arguments and, 98-1o3, 105-6 
Sevi and, 16q-7o, 172 on sex, 49-51, 53-54 totalitarianism and, 
2
35
-
4
0
, 243
-
44, 250-52 
Joan ofArc (Schiller), 77 Job, 96, 107 
John Paul II, Pope, 65, 193 Johnson, Samuel, 54 
John the Apostle, Saint, 56, 113, 115, 122 John the Baptist, Saint, 170, 176 Joseph, 22-23,158 
biblical fictions and, 
111, 
114, 116-17 Josephus, 112 
Joshua, 103, 117, 125, 261 Joyce, James, 218 Judas, 210 
Judas, Gospel of, I12-14, 152 Jungle, The (Sinclair), 39 
Kahane, Meir, 274-75 Kamikaze, 203 
Kant, Immanuel, 243,265-66 Khadijah, 128 
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 28-29, 46,126 
Khomeini, Sayed Hossein, 126 
Kierkegaard,Soren,71 Kim II Sung, 248 Kim Jong 11, 248 
King, Martin Luther, 173-76, 184 assassination of, 174-75 
racism and, 173-74, 179-80, 182 King James Bible, 11-12,98, 
101 
King Lear (Shakespeare), 40 Kony, Joseph, 189, 192 
Koran, 46, 55, 123-37, 151, 181, 188, 227,252 
alleged satanic verses of, 134, 136 and destructiveness of religion, 23, 26,29,33 
on eating pork, 37-38 
language of, 12-13,124-26, 129, 131, 137 
Mormons and, 161, 164 
revelations and, 98, 128-2q, 34
-
35, 161 
on tolerance of other religions, 133-34 transciption and compilation of, 130-32 
and words and deeds of Muhammad, 127-31 
LaHaye, Tim, 35,56-57 Laplace, Pierre-Simon de, 66-67, 69,79 las Casas, Bartolemeo de, 89 Lazarus,142 
leaps of faith, 71 Lebanon,lg-2o Left Behind (LaHaye and Jenkins), 35, 5
6-
57 
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 235, 244-45 Lessing, Gotthold, 277 
'Letter from Birmingham Jail' (King), 173 
Leviathan (Hoboes), 156 Lewis, C. S., 7, 118-2o, 209,256 Lie, Trygve, 152 
Lincoln, Abraham, 66,178-79,185 Lindsey, Hal, 6o-61 
Literature and Revolution (Trotsky), 153 
INDEX 
Little Pebbles, 1qo Lively, Penelope, 265 Llandaff, bishop of, 107 Llano Cifuentes, Rafael, 45-48 Lopez de Trujillo, Alfonso, 45 Lord ofthe Flier (Golding), 41 Lubavitcher movement, 172, 207 Lucretius, 15, 258-6o 
Luke, Gospel of, 111-12, 116, 152 Luther, Martin, 34, 63-64, 18o Luxemburg, Rosa, 151-52 Luxemburg, Christoph, 137 
Maccabeus, Judah, 273-74 McCarthy, Eugene, 179 McCarthy, Mary, 220 McEwan, Ian, 16o Macmillan, Ken, 145-46 Madison, James, 33-34 Maimonides, Moses, 7, 63-64, 
111, 
210 on circumcision, 224-25 
Marjoe, 16o martyrdom, 241, 279 
and immorality of religion, 2o8-9 Marx, Karl, 9-10, 214, 273 
Marxists, Marxism, 30,92,15,-53,230, 
2
49 
Mary, 124, 158 
biblical fictions and, 
111, 
114, 116-17 and destructiveness of religion, 22-23 and relationship between morality 
and religion, 1qo-q1 masturbation taboo, 226-28 Matthew, Gospel of, 109,143 
and biblical fictions, 
III, 
r15-r6, 118 Memories of a Catholic Girlhood (McCarthy), 220 
Mencken, H. L., It o, 250 mental illness, 52-53,64 Mere Christianity (Lewis), 118-1g microcephaly, 95 
Mill, John Stuart, 15, 78, 222, 253-54 Miller, George, bo, 162, 169-7o Milosz, Czeslaw, 245-46 
3
1
3 
Minima Moralia (Adorno), 74 miracles, miraculous, miraculousness, 112,139-53, 161, 165, 170, 178, 18q, 248,266 
bodily resurrection and, 141-43 design arguments and, 76, 82-84 in literature, 150-51 
Marxism and, 151-53 Mother Teresa and, 145-48 natural disasters and, 148-49 UFOs and, 141,144 
Miracles and Idolatry (Voltaire), 139 Misago, Augustin, rq1-92 Mondo Cane, 157-58 moneylending, 212-14 Montesquieu, Baron de La Bride et de, 263 
Moon, Sun Myung,249 Moon Tiger (Lively), 265 morals, morality, moral behavior, 6, 
1o, 
68,73,95-96,114, 123, 150, 153, 159, 171, 281, 283 
atonement and, 205, 2o8-io biblical fictions and, 118-2o blood sacrifice and, 205-8, 212 child abuse and, 22o-28 
and destructiveness of religion, 15, 17, 
2
4
-2
5,32
-
33 
and emancipation of India, 181-82 eternal punishment and, 205, 211, 
213-15 
health issues and, 48, 52 impossible tasks and, 205, 211-5 King and, 175-76, 179 
rational resistance and, 256, 264, 266, 271-72 
relationship between religion and, 
18
4
-
94,
20
5
-
15,229
-
30,242,264 revelation arguments and, 99, 
m1, 
103, 107, 212 
Rwanda and, 
1
9
0-
93 totalitarianism and, 230, 238, 242 Uganda and, i88-go 
Waugh and, 186-88 
'More Loving One, The' (Auden), 63 Mormons, 51,156, 161-68 converting the dead and, 167-68 corrupt origins of, 161-65 
racism of, 166-67 
Smith's cynicism and, 165-66 and translating Book of Mormon, r62-64 
Moses, 8, 39, 89, 
111, 
113, 121-23, 140, 192, 224, 245 
biblical fictions and, 115-16, 121-22 death of, 105, 171 
King and, 174-75 
revelation arguments and, 98-,o6 Muggeridge, Malcolm, 145-46 Muhammad, 29,5t, 64, 89, 168, 181, 192, 251, 262 
Koran and, 123-24,126-32,134-36, 161 
miracles and, 140-41 Mormons and, 161, 164-65 words and deeds of, 127-35 Munyeshyaka, Wenceslas, 191-92 Mussolini, Benito, 235-36 
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 66-67, 245,27
2-
73 
natural disasters, 148-49 Natural Philosophy (Paley), 77 Nazareth, 
111, 
114 
Nazis, Nazism, 7, 21, 152, 168, 172, 193, 203, 230, 263 
reaction of church to, 
2
35
-
43, 247, 25
1
 Netherlands, 260-62, 264, 273 
 New Orleans, La.,
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     149 
New Testament, 2, 47, 5
1
, 54, 164,175 fictitious events in, tro-22 
on fulfilling prophecy, 1oq-c0 hadiths and, 132-33 
miracles and, 142-43 morality and, 118-20, 210-12 rational resistance and, 255, 268 revelation arguments and, 98, 103 Newton, Sir Isaac, 65-66, 8o 
rational resistance of, 259-6o, 262, 2
6
7,
2
7
0
 
New York, health care in, 50-51 Nigeria, 45 
Nilsson, Daniel, 83-84 
Nineteen Eighty-Four (Orwell), 248 Noah's Ark, 88-89 
No Man Knows My History (Brodie), 162, 164, 167 
North Korea, 247-49 Norway, 152 
nuclear weapons, 184, 202, 279-80 apocalypse and, 57,59 Numbers, coo, 106, 206 
occultation, 172, 278-79 Ockham, William, 68-71 design arguments and, 85-87 miracles and, 141, 144, T4
8
 
Old Testament, 2, 54, 113-17,129, 151, 170 
child abuse and, 223-25 
fictitious events in, m2-4, 1m, 115-17 fulfilling prophecies of, 109-10, 114 hadiths and, 132-33 
King and, 
1
74
-
75 Mormons and, 162, 164 rational resistance and, 255, 261, 268, 272,274 
and relationship between morality and religion, 206-7, 229 revelation arguments and, 98-107 ontological argument, 265 
'Organs of Extreme Perfection and Complication' (Darwin), 83-84 Orgel, Leslie, 84 
Origin ofSpecies, The (Darwin), 269-70 Orwell, George, 
11, 
31, 38, 245, 248 on totalitarianism, 232-33 
Paine, Thomas, 31, 
1m, 
177-79 rational resistance of, 261, 268-69 revelation arguments and, coo, 107 slavery and, 177-78 
Pakistan, 29, 46, 58-59 Palestinians, Palestine, 118, 128, 171, 
2
73
-
74 
and destructiveness of religion, 
1q, 
2
3
-2
5
 
revelation arguments and, 101-3, 106 Paley, William, 77-78 
Pascal, Blaise, 6-7,211-12,253 Passion oftheChrist, The, 
110-11, 
u6, 121 Paul, Saint, 5, 12, 54, 56, 66, 103, 135 Pavelic, Ante, 21 
pedophilia, 4, 51-52, 228 Pensees (Pascal), 253 Pentagon, U.S., 31 Peter Pan, 159 
philosophers, philosophy, 278, 283 rational resistance and, 255-66, 274 Pickthall, Marmaduke, 124, 126, 128 Pigs, 36
-
4
1
, 103, 144,189 Pikaiagracilens, 93 
Pius XI, Pope, 235, 239-40 Pius XII, Pope, 239-40 planets, 58, 74, 80, 84 Plato, 134,255-56,278 Polio, 43-45 
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (joyce), 218 
Powell, Anthony, 196 
Practice and Theory ofBolshevism, The (Russell), 234 
Prager, Dennis, r8, 22, 28, 32, 35 prayer, 9o, 126, 168, 171, 178, 283 design arguments and, 73-74 and destructiveness of religion, x8,28 health issues and, 48, 281 Hitchens's childhood and, 3-4 totalitarianism and, 239, 249 Presbyterians, 177, 234 'Prevention of Literature, The' 
(Orwell), 232 Priestley, Joseph, 267 Prophet, The (Dcutscher), 152 Protestants, Protestantism, u, 6o, 125, 133, 190, 220, 264 
3
1
5
 
and destructiveness of religion, 17-1q, 
34 
totalitarianism and, 238-40 Psalms, 
2
53
-
54, 264 Puritans, 61 
Q, 112 
Qacda, al-, 26,31-32, 199 Quirinius, 112, 114 
racism, 190, 229 
King and, 
1
73
-
74,
1
79
-80
,
182
 of Mormons, 166-67 
rational resistance and, 274-75 religion compared to, 35, 56 totalitarianism and, 236, 250-51 Rajneesh, Bhagwan Sri, 195-98 rational resistance, 253-75 
of Darwin, 268-70 
of Einstein, 262, 271-73 founders of, 255-6o, 263, 267-68 of Hume, 259,267-69 
Jews and, 255, 260-63, 272-74 of Kant, 265-66 
private thoughts in, 253-55, 264, 266-67,269-70 
of Spinoza, 261-63, 267,273 religion, religions, religious faith: coexistence of, 17, 20, 133-34 corruption of, 157-66, 204 destructiveness of, 8, 13, 15-36, 67-68, 203, 229 
dietary laws of, 37-41 end of, 169, 172 founders of, 63-64, 87 impotence of, 282-83 male bias of, 54
-
56, 64, 223 
as man-made, 8, 
1q 
17, 52, 54, 99
-100
,
 
115, 130, 151, 156, 167-68, 181, 202, 229, 240 
as plagiarism of a plagiarism, 280 power of, 17, 67-68 
as source of comfort, 4, 9, 12, 64 
Republic (Plato), 278 
316 Index 
resurrections, 112, 141-43, 184 revelations, revelation arguments, 56, 97-107, 122, 133, 163-69, 178, 260, 278 
archaeological evidence on, 102-4 and author of Bible, 104-5 
and corruption of religion, 159, 161 discrepancies in, 97-98 
Koran and, 98, 128-29, 134-35, 161 morality and, 99, 
101, 
103, 107, 212 Mormons and, 163-68 
Ten Commandments and, 98-loo, lob 
Robertson, Pat (evangelist), 32, 149 Robertson, Pat (senator), 179 Rushdie, Salman, 2o, 134,136 
threats against life of, 28-30, 126 Russell, Bertrand, lot, 211, 234-35, 265 Russian Revolution, 230, 235, 244 Rwanda, 1qo-93 
Sacre Coeur, 77 
Sai Baba, 75-76, 195 Salgado, Sebastiao, 43 Sarah, 206-7 
Satanic Verses, The (Rushdie), 28-3o Saudi Arabia, 28, 33, 2r3, 227 Schiller, Friedrich von, 5, 77 Schneerson, Menachem, 172 Schumpeter, Joseph, 221 
scientists, science, 5, 7-10,12, 17, 47, 57
-
59, 93, 
151, 
16
5
, 
193, 221, 229, 244,281-83 
apocalypse and, 58-59 
attempts to reconcile religion with, 64-68,70 
design arguments and, 84, 86 rational resistance and, 254-56, 258-60,266-71 
secularism, 12, 39, 55, 68-69, 171, 200 child abuse and, 217, 220, 225-26 and destructiveness of religion, 17, 20,25,27
-28
,3
2-
33 
and emancipation of India, 183-84 
health issues and, 49, 52 King and, 179-80 
and relationship between morality and religion, 192, 229-30 totalitarianism and, 230, 235
-
5
2
 September 2-t, 2001, 18, 28, 31-32,44, 55, 74, 149-50, 280 
Serbs, 20-22, 188 Serge, Victor, 230 Sermon on the Mount, 115-16 Servetus, Michael, 233 
Seth, 113 
Sevi, Sabbatai, 169-72 
sex, sexuality, 3-4, 
10, 
24, 48-55, 64, 275, 280, 283 
biblical fictions and, 121-22 child abuse and, 223-24, 226-28 Eastern beliefs and, 196-97, 200 health care and, 45-46, 48-49, 5
2-
55 and relationship between morality 
and religion, 186, 212, 214-15 repression of, 4, 24, 50, 53-55, 186, 215, 223-24, 226-28, 232 totalitarianism and, 231-32 
Shadow-Line, 
The (Conrad),73 Shakespeare, William, 5, 16, 40, So, 85, 150-51 
Shermer, Michael, 81-83 
Siege 
ofKrishnapur, 
The (Farrell), 77-78 Silberman, Neil Asher, 102 
sin, sins, sinners, 3, 7, 32, 55, 73, 99, 134, 
1
43, 149, 156, 181, 193, 
21
9
 
biblical fictions and, 118-19, 
121 
health and, 48, 52 
and relationship between morality and religion, 186-87, 209, 212 totalitarianism and, 233-34 Sinclair, Upton, 39 
slaves, slavery, 176-81, 188, 229 abolitionism and, 
1
77
-
79 Christians and, 166-67, 173, 176-78 smallpox, 43
-
44, 47 
Smith, Adam, 214, 221, 256 Smith, Ethan, 164 
INDEX 
Smith, Joseph, 51, 161-68 racism of, 167, 173 
and translating Book of Mormon, 162-64 
Socrates, 
6
7,
1
34, 255
-
5
8
 solar system, 58, 66, 74, 80, 84 Somalia, 33 
Something 
Beautiful 
for God, 145
-
4
6
 Sophocles, u 
soul, souls, 5, 32, 64, 211, 222, 233, 262 South Africa, 29, 251-52 
Soviet Union, 193, 230-31, 254 totalitarianism and, 231, 234
-
35, 243
-
4
6
 
Spinoza, Baruch, 16q, 261-63, 267, 273 Spirit 
of 
the 
Laws 
(Montesquieu), 263 Sri Lanka, 75-76, 198-200 
Stalin, Joseph, 79, 152, 230, 244
-
45, 
2
5
0 
Stalinists, Stalinism, 230, 235, 
2
43
-
46 250 
Stanley, Charles, 35 stars, 69-70 
Sudan, Sudanese, 26,1
8
7
-
9
0
 suicide, 241 
bombings and, 20, 53, 199, 
20
3
 
and immorality of religion, 208-9 sun, 58, 80, 84, 141, 258 
Syriac-Aramaic Version 
of 
the Koran, The (Luxenburg), 137 
Taliban,31-32,252 Talmud, 151-52, 212 Tamils, 199-Zoo 
Ten Commandments, 
1
34,
18
9 
and immorality of religion, 210, 212 revelation arguments and, 98-loo, ro6 Teresa, Mother, 17-18, 145-48, 222 Tertullian, 57, 71, 219, 260 Thackeray, Bal, 20 
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 7,63-64, 27
8-
79 
Tiktaalik,282 
totalitarian states, totalitarianism, 230-52 
3
1
7
 
morality and, 230, 238, 242 racism and, 236, 250-51 secularism and, 230, 235-52 theocracies as, 232-34 
Tractatus(Spinoza),263 
Treatise on the Gods (Mencken), no Trotsky, Leon, 151-53, 244 
truth, knowledge of, 277-78 Turks, Turkey, 64, 170-72 
Uganda, 46, 188-go 
unidentified flying objects (UFOs), 141, 144 
United Nations, 22, 24, 29, 237, 279 health care and, 43-45 
Ussher, James, 57-58, 66 Libman, 130-31 
Victoria, Brian, 201-2 
View 
of 
the 
Hebrews 
(Smith), 164 Vincenti, Marten de, 265 
Virgin Birth, 111-12,115-17,184 Voltaire, 96, 139, 264 
Waterhouse, William, 242-43 Watts, Jean, 1-3, 11 
Waugh, Evelyn, 186-88,237 Wells, Jonathan, 249 
West Virginia, 76 Witness (Chambers), 79 
Wonderful Life 
(Gould), 94 World War 1, 152, 182, 235 World War 11, 21, 1n, 179, 203 totalitarianism and, 240-41, 245, 251 
Xenophon,175 
Yadin, Yigael, 102 Yakasuni shrine, 203 
Zarqawi, Abu Musab al-, 26-27 Zechariah, coq 
Zen at War (Victoria), 201-2 
READING GROUP GUIDE 
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 
 1.
	God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

'Serious social, economic, and political change is controversial.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

'For all the material blessings economic progress has provided, for all the disease and destitution avoided, for all the glories that shine in the best of our civilization, the costs to the natural world, the costs to the glo
 ries of nature, have been huge and must be counted in the balance as tragic loss,' writes James Gustave Speth, dean of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Yale and the author of The Bridge at the Edge of the World.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

'It took all of human history to build the seven-trillion-dollar world economy of 1950; today economic activity grows by that amount every 
56   HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
decade,' notes Yale's James Gustave Speth in 
 The Bridge at the Edge of the World.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Their solutions will not be the best, because they will not be coming at the problem from the cutting edge of scientific and technological knowledge, and they will not go to scale as quickly, but they will be a lot better than nothing.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

            HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
IF IT ISN'T BORING, IT ISN'T GREEN 
It's the Design, Stupid 
Q
  o one day a few years back your boss calls you and says, 'Have I got a deal for you! We're deciding where to build our next wafer fabrication facility for producing leading-edge microprocessors.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

299 
300 
 Unfortunately, the trouble doesn't stop at the water's edge.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

    It looks like a meeting in a ramshackle wooden schoolhouse in a re
mote village on the edge of a tropical forest in North Sumatra, Indone
 sia.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

'We also used some of the money to start talking to [people in] communities on the edge of the jungle.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Next Supriatna studied how the villagers themselves regulated their use of the forest, and drew up an economic evaluation of how much money they made or could make from different activities if the forest was to remain intact-from growing and selling cocoa, cloves, cinnamon, and rubber, either on the edge of the forest or on the forest floor, and, most profitably, from selling the geothermal power, which the village had a claim to, that naturally bubbles on the forest hillsides from old vol
 canic formations.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Meanwhile, Shanghai-based GITI Tire, China's largest tire manufacturer, looking to voluntarily offset its carbon emissions, has agreed to plant rubber trees to create a buffer zone of sus
 tainable agroforestry around the edge of the forest, which will protect the trees, produce rubber for tires, and provide additional livelihoods for the villagers, explained Enki Tan, a company director who is also a member of the Conservation International board.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                But more important, there's increasing evidence we're on the edge of a new, virtu
ous business cycle: Companies seeking sustainability look for sustainable products and services, which provides further opportunities for sustain
 able companies.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

They don't dig inside themselves and 'think about how to create a whole new level of effi
 ciency that can get an edge on the competition.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

If your thinking stretches across your whole system, you will buy one and get four or five more for free-and that's how you get an edge on the competition.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

He then went on to explain that Dalian's massive new convention center was using a cutting-edge clean-tech heat pump technology, which recovers thermal energy from seawater and then uses that thermal energy to cool and heat the building in a totally renewable way.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

We need to be selling them the next generation-solar, wind, solar thermal, geothermal, and other cutting-edge technologies
 which we have an advantage in designing and building.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Fleischer responded: 'That's a big no. The President believes that it's an American way of life, and that it should be the goal of policy mak
 ers to protect the American way of life.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

What kind of America would you like to see-an America where there is no big national goal, or a 
green 
America, where inventing a source of abundant, clean, reliable, cheap electrons, which could enable the whole planet to grow in a way that doesn't destroy its remaining natural habitats, becomes the goal of this generation-inspiring young people to go into math, science, biology, physics, and nanotechnology? 
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                 Governments of developing coun
tries make an increase in living standards a primary goal of na
 tional policy.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                                 HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
T
he goal of this Code Green strategy, though, is not just to make America richer, tropical forests safer, petrodictators poorer, or hurri
 canes weaker.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The goal is also to use American power to bring the world's most disadvantaged populations the energy to improve their lives and realize more of their aspirations as well.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Fatima's implicit goal was to store away enough acorns to give her an option to get out of the country, and leave it to the fundamentalists if need be.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

I have only one tiny problem with it: Google summarized its revolu
tionary goal in a single, shorthand equation, 'RE < C-renewable en
 ergy cheaper than coal,' so that this clean energy can scale in China, India, and the rest of the developing world.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

So, as a simple goal everyone can understand, the doubling of C0
2
 
is 
 what we want to avoid.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Our goal needs to be to make Yamani's nightmare come true.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

What happened? A dozen new companies jumped into the Texas market, including one from Ireland, and built wind turbines to meet 
263 
264 
 the mandate-so many that the 2,000-megawatt goal was reached by 2005.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

If I could wave a magic wand and impose one regulation to hasten achieving that goal, it would be a law requiring every first-year drafting, engineering, and architectural stu
dent to take a course in LEED (Leadership in Energy-and Environmen
 tal Design) building and system design.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

California's goal is to meet at least half of its projected growth in electricity demand be

HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
IF IT ISN'T BORING, 11' ISN'T GREEN 
287 
 tween now and 2020 by improving efficiency rather than building new power plants.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

China's eleventh Five-Year Plan includes a goal of reducing energy intensity-energy consumption per unit of GDP-by 20 percent below 2005 levels across the whole economy by 2010.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

In 2006 and 2007, however, China fell short of the annual 4 percent goal in energy efficiency that it needs to reach the 20 percent improvement by 2010.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

T
 he more China's leadership pushes to make green growth real, the more it is staking its credibility on this goal.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

This is part of a campaign launched by the Ministry of Finance and the NDRC in January with the goal to use 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs over the next 5 years.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

It's the Linux of cars! Their other goal, they explained on their Web site -vds.mit.edu-was
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

'Last year, Wal-Mart announced an ambitious goal-they wanted to sell 100 million compact fluorescent light bulbs in one year,' wrote 
TrecHugger.com(October
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

'Now the company has announced that they've already achieved that goal.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Wal-Mart is also well on its way to meeting its 2005 stated goal of making its fleet of 7,200 tractor-trailer trucks 25 percent more fuel efficient by the end of 2008-which would be equal to taking almost 68,000 cars off the road-and 100 percent more efficient by 2015.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

And that is the real energy shortage in America today: a shortage of the energy we need to get serious about a big goal like a Clean Energy 
HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
A DEMOCRATIC CHINA, OR A BANANA REPUBLIC?   405 
 System and to stick with it until we achieve it-at both the citizen level and the political level.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Sunday's early-winter cut in gas supplies to Ukraine came as an unsettling reminder that promises [italics mine] of energy exports are not Russia's only method of using oil and gas to further its foreign policy goals-it can also turn off the valve of energy exports.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Each of these goals, noted Dernbach, was eventually enshrined in one or more global institutions or treaties-peace and security in the United Nations charter, economic development and integration in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (as well as in the creation of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and later the World Trade Or
ganization), and the promotion of human rights through the UN's Uni
 versal Declaration of Human Rights and the Helsinki Accords.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Universal access to electricity was not even one of the eight Millennium Development Goals that were set out by the UN and the world's leading development institutions in 2000.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Those goals range from halving extreme poverty to providing universal primary edu
 cation, all by 2015.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Which is a pity, since Americans are at their best when they're strug
 gling together, and sometimes with one another, toward difficult goals ...
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                        The main lesson of this, said Westbrook, is that if you rethink every process and all the connections between each process-for instance, 
HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
IF IT ISN'T BORING, IT ISN'T GREEN 
how waste heat from one system can be used to power another, rather than just cooled with another air conditioner, or the way the Prius used braking to generate electricity to charge the batteries-you can actu
ally take two goals that everyone thought had to be in opposition (sav
 ing money and building and operating green) and accomplish them together.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Japan, the article noted, has also encouraged development of energy
saving appliances with its Top Runner program, 
 which has set goals for reducing energy use.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Products that meet the goals are awarded a green sticker, while those that fail get an orange sticker.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

So too did some early goals.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Until I see a major governor, or industry manager, sacked for realizing his or her GDP goals but failing to meet their green targets, I will remain skeptical.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

And this time the leadership expressly made meeting these goals part of every government official's personnel assessment.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                  Indi
viduals are now accountable for meeting key energy efficiency and envi
 ronment goals.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                                                             outsourcing to, 23, 340; plastic bags eliminated in, 373; pollution in, 242, 299, 345; population of, 344, 348, 365; power plants in, 154-55, 354-56, 386; press in, 346, 350-51; recycling economy in, 361; reduction of energy intensity in, 354; renewable energy in, 71, 354, 363; rising standards of living in, 57-60, 343, 349, 357; scarcity of raw materials in, 348; shift to Green GDPism in, 346-47, 351-53, 354-57, 361, 364-65; solar power in, 355, 362-63, 393; species extinction in, 46-47, 140-41; State Council of, 350-51, 373; State Environmental Protection Agency of, 348, 355; Sudan's partnership with, 80, 105; tenth Five
Year Plan in, 352-53; unleaded gasoline in, 373; urbanization in, 54, 59-60, 63, 168; water pollution in, 343, 348-49, 359; water supply of, 350, 361; wind power in, 363, 393; world environmental impact of, 344-45, 348; in World Trade Organization, 349, 366 
civil rights movement, 296, 398-400 clean energy, clean power, 163, 166, 171, 186-90,204,214,228,256,269,294, 378, 398, 400, 409; American innovation for, 7, 9, 76, 174, 176, 242-66, 325-26, 367; in China, 344, 346, 350, 355-56, 366, 393, 406; costs of, 324-25; dirty fuels vs., 197, 254, 257, 259; energy efficiency and, 172, 180, 216-I8, 277-80; as growth industry, 242, 380 
Clean Energy System, 171, 186, 195, 224, 243,264,293,298,314,366,373-74, 391, 403, 405, 406; energy efficiency in, 190-91; transition to, 197-99 
clean power technologies, 263, 325-26; at GE, 371-72 
climate change, 26, 49, 123-25, 145, 170, 171, 177, 182, 186, 198, 204, 224, 259, 260,264,301,303,324,402-403,412; acceleration of, 5, 119, 381; China and, 299, 343-44, 349-50; clean energy and, 163, 187; conservation and, 160, 182; CO, emissions and, 43-45; deniers of, 114-15,117,118,124-25,132,136-38, 173; energy poverty and, 158; everyday 
experiences of, 127-32; ordinary temperature variations and, 115, 117-18, 133; rising temperatures and, 43-45, 120; tipping point in, 47-48, 120; see also global warming 
Clinton administration, 115, 371, 385; air conditioner efficiency standards and, 273-74; fiiel economy standards and, 16 coal, 33-34, 210, 215, 223, 240, 287, 361, 372, 384; carbon sequestration and, 189, 205, 213, 230, 278, 288, 406; carbon taxes and, 257; in China, 113, 242, 345, 347, 354, 361, 393; 'clean,' 205, 376-77; cost of, 198, 222, 227, 252; electricity from, 163,220,289,290,364,376-77,406; gasification of, 213; in Industrial Revolution, 32, 242; liquefied, 206; lobbying for, 215, 245; mining of, 35, 130, 182, 377; tax incentives for, 245, 379 coal companies, 209, 268, 376-79, 400 coal-fired power plants, 113, 163, 213, 239, 247-48,260,278,288,377,386,393 Code Green, 6-7, 145, 178, 199, 400, 401; reenergizing America with, 23-26, 173-74,180-82,335-36 
Cold War, 6, 9-10, 13, 19-20, 27, 75-76, 86, 103, 105, 366 
Communism, 19, 76, 83, 109,176; artificial suppression of human desires by, 60-61; collapse of, 30, 79, 103, 110; U.S. developments in response to threat of, 6, 9-10 
Communist Party, Chinese, 343-47, 351-54,365,367 
computers, 167; in China, 349; energy poverty and lack of access to, 158, 161, 162-66; personal, 29-30, 292, 332 congestion-pricing systems, 234, 235 Congress, U.S., 14, 205, 244, 261-62, 407-408; agriculture lobby in, 245, 376, 382; climate change legislation in, 376, 378; energy bill of 2007 in, 391; energy lobbies in, 17, 376, 378-80, 400; Green Jobs Act in, 337; lobbying for green legislation in, 206, 399, 402; mileage standards and, 16, 54; omnibus appropriations bill of 2008 in, 381; 
tax incentives in, 378-80, 398, 399 conservation, 76, 176, 217, 303, 309, 412; for biodiversity, 302-303; climate change 
and, 160; consumption and, 194-95; energy and, 14, 17, 21, 224, 406; ethic of, 7, 148, 191-95, 198, 199, 204,207; in Indonesia, 304-12; protected areas in, 310, 312-14 
Conservation International, 141, 147-48, 153,186,194,299,313,314,408;in Indonesia, 144, 300, 304-309, 311 consumption, 224; conservation and, 194-95; increase in, 31, 147; total world, 66-67 
coral reefs, 46, 121, 145, 147, 148, 160, 176,300-301,302 
com, 350; for ethanol, 148-49, 183, 190n, 197-98, 213, 245, 246, 376; lobby for, 245 
corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards, 14-15, 16, 17, 205, 378 corporate culture, ethical, 322-24 corporate responsibility, 334-35 cost-volume curve, 251-52, 254 cradle-to-cradle manufacturing, 70-71 crude oil, 32, 33, 39, 81, 88, 96, 245; American consumption of, 290; ceiling price for, 255; floor price for, 255, 257; prices of, 41, 94-95, 254, 408; see 
also oil 
Cullen, Heidi, 113, 135-38, 152 
Dalian, 53-56, 336, 361-62 
dams, hydroelectric, 132, 160, 408 Davis, Mike, 238, 239, 277, 292 decoupling-plus, 286-87 
Defense Department, U.S., 10-11, 319, 409 
deforestation, 223, 300, 301-302; agriculture and, 147, 148, 152; CO
Z
 emissions and, 34-35, 117, 119, 148, 213, 301; greenhouse gas emissions from, 34-35, 149,299; in Indonesia, 298, 299, 312, 314; poverty and, 159, 312-13; prevention of, 303; in the tropics, 46, 142, 145, 147, 308 deindustrialization, 98-99, 102 democracy, 81; in China, 347, 357-58, 366; clash of interest groups in, 403; environmental movements and, 356-59, 406-409; in India, 61; in Indonesia, 311; in Lebanon, 94; in Middle East, 103, 182; oil vs., 101-104; in Russia, 95 
Democratic party, 14, 17, 215, 377, 378, 381 
Denmark, 18, 62, 96, 256, 262 
diesel, 41, 268; for Army in Iraq, 317-18, 320 
Dineen,John, 269-72 
dirty fuels, 186, 241-42, 262; cheapness of, 244-45, 254, 257; China's need to move away from, 345; clean energy vs., 254, 257, 259; discouraging use of, 249-50, 251-52, 259 
Dirty Fuels System, 181-83, 192, 223-24, 227, 259, 314; legacy industries from, 376-80; transition from, 197-99, 391-92 distributed power, 229, 289; solar, 289, 318-21 
Doha, 53-56 
dolphins, Yangtze River, 46-47 
Douglas, David, 31, 326-27, 331, 333-35 droughts, 44, 127-29, 133, 145, 155, 158-59,160,174,350 
Duke Energy, 191, 224, 228, 240, 287, 289 Dutch disease, 98-99, 102 
Earth Summit of 1992, Rio, 301, 395-97 e-commerce, 161, 167-68, 259 economic growth, 301; in China, 30-31, 38,42,46,55-57,61-62,63-69,141, 182,212,214,259,343-46,351-54, 366-67; energy poverty and, 155; in India, 30-31, 38, 42, 56, 58, 61-63, 182, 212, 214, 259; sustainable energy and maintenance of, 190-91; unexploited biological commons and spurts of, 69 Economy, Elizabeth C., 59-60, 351-52 ecosystems, 24, 76, 134, 142; for energy innovation, 246; protection of, 197, 209, 302-304; threats to, 46, 146-47, 171, 224 
ecotourism, 147, 308, 318 Edison, Thomas, 219, 241, 304 education, 9, 102, 246, 260, 272, 303; in Arab world, 104, 108; in Egypt, 84; energy and, 157, 164-66; in Indonesia, 298, 312; in madrasah schools, 78-79, 86-88, 89-90, 310; in Saudi Arabia, 77; in science, 315; universal primary, 155; women and, 103 
Egypt, 84, 88, 103-104, 182; cost of food in, 197-98; as petrolist state, 96, 107 
428 
elections, 96, 97, 98, 100, 105; of 2008, 376 electric cars, 225, 233-34, 235-36, 241, 263, 290, 292; hybrid, see hybrid cars electricity, 32, 38, 158, 268, 350; American system of, 218-24; buildings in consumption of, 281, 283; coal as source of, 163, 220, 289, 290, 364, 376-79, 406; cost of, 232, 284, 335; cut in use of, 213, 237; energy poverty and lack of access to, 155; monitoring usage of, 332; from natural gas, 222, 290, 406; natural gas as source of, 290, 406; necessity of raising rates for, 294, 296; price of, 220-21, 355; reselling of, 234-35; smart grid in regulation of, 228; sources of, 224, 290; subsidies for, 41-42; for U.S. Army in Iraq, 317-22; utilities and, 219, 286-87, 408 
electricity grid, 162, 163, 220-21; in Iraq, 318, 320 
electric vehicles, 290, 364 
electrons, 251-52; cheap, 224, 227, 231; clean, 145, 163, 168, 172, 174, 185, 186-90,192,195,199,204,218,240, 243,245,246,253,269,278,285,290, 298, 314, 316; free flow of, 293; undifferentiated, 220 
elk, 131, 183-84 e-mail, 161, 233, 293 energy, 6, 8, 21, 182, 208, 274, 382, 412; capacity to do work and, 156-57; clean, see clean energy, clean power; competition for, 31, 80; demand for, 210, 229, 230, 243; distributed, 163, 164; Industrial Revolution and use of, 31-32; for life sustainment, 72-73; market for, 259, 283; military logistics of, 318; national system for, 408; prices of, 68, 338; projected consumption of, 38-39; renewable, see renewable energy; research on, 408; savings of, 218, 287; stress on supplies of, 171; subsidies for, 41-42, 63; supply and demand for, 26, 37-42,47,49,170-71,172,186, 248-49, 259, 403; tightening of supplies of, 5, 39; true cost of, 171, 223-24, 324-25; 
see also 
power 
Energy-Climate Era, 38-39, 53, 57, 215, 272,353,375,396,403-404,412; biodiversity in, 141, 153, 302; China in, 
INDEX 
343, 344, 353; clean power in, 173, 186-87, 24344, 246-47; climate change in, 43, 44; elements of, 26-27, 37, 47-50, 170-72; global warming in, 123; green hawks in, 317; leadership in, 335, 340, 405, 409; petrodictatorships in, 42, 82, 88; smart grid in, 224; worldwide emulation of American lifestyle in, 65,76 
energy companies, 249, 279-80 energy consumption, 191, 284, 301; in Arab nations, 68; in China, 54-56, 60, 68, 72-73, 113, 198, 349, 364-65; in Communist countries, 60; in Denmark, 18; by developing countries, 69; gross national product and, 157; in India, 72-73, 198; management of, 224; oil equivalents for, 210; post-World War II surge in, 36; rate of, 214; reduction 
of, 175; in the U.S., 21, 54, 72-73, 266,364 
energy crisis, 14, 15, 17, 38, 108-10, 254, 265, 295, 325 
Energy Department, U.S., 115, 178, 296, 385,409; Office of Science in, 381-82, 408; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and, 237-39; renewable research funding by, 383, 385 
energy efficiency, 21, 172, 174, 197-99, 204, 217, 284, 314, 316; America and need for innovation in, 7, 76, 174, 180, 207, 209, 210, 214, 224, 242, 245, 254-55, 409; breakthroughs in, 250, 269; of buildings, 60, 236, 289; as business advantage, 327; in China, 212, 242, 344, 346, 349, 350, 353, 354, 362; in clean power system, 190-91; as cost-effective, 269; in Denmark, 18; as 'fifth fuel,' 287; government stimulus for, 294, 371-72; in India, 212; in Japan, 14, 294-95; Microsoft's software for, 255; as most effective way to create clean power, 277-80; savings generated by, 286-87; for servers, 333-34; smart grid and, 243; standards for, 268, 274, 289-90, 400; in U.S. military, 318, 321-22; utilities and, 222-23,285-90,295 
energy independence, 14, 18-19, 319 energy innovations, 186-90, 245-46, 264; transformational, 380-81 
Chinese impact on, 344; global warming and, 158-61; impact on women of, 157 energy technology (ET), 169, 175-76, 217 energy technology bubble, 258-59 environmental assessments, 177, 393 environmentalism, environmentalists, 33-34, 173, 316; in China, 241, 352-53, 354-55, 356, 373-75; critics of, 143, 194; economic necessity of, 110; and grassroots movements, 356-61; in Indonesia, 310-11; in Mississippi, 403; no-growth position in, 194; review process and, 393; as trend, 48-49, 204-208 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 35,207,273,275-76,280,348,407; Office of Transportation and Air Quality of, 73; Tier 11 emissions standards for, 270-72 
Erdmann, Mark, 144, 300 
ethanol, 41, 205, 408; cellulosic, 243, 257; corn, 148-49, 183, 190n, 197-98, 213, 245, 246, 376; palm oil, 148-49, 190n; sugarcane, 14, 144, 148, 190n, 245; see 
also 
biohrels 
ethics: of conservation, 7, 148, 191-95, 198, 199, 204, 207; in corporate culture, 322-24; for sustainable growth, 6 
Europe, 13, 56, 69, 176, 177; consumption rates in, 66; droughts in, 159; fuel economy standards in, 17, 54, 73, 266, 362; gasoline taxes in, 14, 73, 263; heat wave in, 134; Industrial Revolution 
in, 31; Kyoto Protocol goals in, 354; lowered consumption in, 55, 73; post-war economic growth in, 38; public transportation in, 73; Russian gas pipeline to, 42; Russian oil in, 43; solar technology in, 380, 386; 2003 heat wave in, 126; wind turbines in, 256 Europe, Eastern, economic growth in, 69 European Union, 120, 148-49, 256 exports, 109, 325; from China, 277, 298, 349, 381; of clean power, 174 
INDEX
429
Energy Internet, 217-19, 224, 229-31,
extinction, 153; of plants and animals, 5,
236,239-40,243,246,269,283,285,
27, 46-47, 140-42, 396; rate of, 149-51
290,293
Exxon Mobil, 130, 205, 259, 277, 380,
energy poverty, 5, 26-27, 44-45, 47, 49,
400
154-69,170,171,173,178-80,182,
186, 187, 259, 403; causes of, 155-56;
factories, 157, 158, 362; green, 281-84; Japanese, 295 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, U.S., 219, 363, 392, 408 
feebates, 261, 263 
fertilizers, 70, 157, 190n, 196; petroleum-based, 41, 107 First Solar Inc., 386-91 
fish, fisheries, 46, 69, 181, 192, 218 fishing, 130-31, 148, 197, 300, 302; overfishing and, 45, 145 flattening, 5, 26, 29-31, 37, 40, 42, 53, 55, 171, 358; biodiversity loss and, 45-46, 147-48; energy poverty as obstacle in, 44-45,158,161-66 
floods, 44, 134, 174, 350, 381 floor prices, 254, 2 55, 257 food, 148, 171; biofuels in competition with, 41, 190n, 197-98, 257, 382; efficiency in growing of, 70; rising prices for, 41, 66-67, 68, 183, 197-98; subsidies for, 41-42 
Ford, 249, 275, 402 Ford, Henry, 33, 241 forests, 7, 158, 181, 192, 260; disposable chopsticks and, 75; dying trees in, 131; of India, 69; loss of, 
see 
deforestation; of North America, 69; old-growth, 307; preservation of, 154, 159, 176, 194, 209, 218, 298, 314; tropical, 
see 
rainforests fossil fuels, 170, 190, 288; as cause of global warming, 136; cheapness and abundance of, 55, 181, 245; clean energy vs., 254; emission standards for, 288; exhaustibility of, 37-38; fluctuating prices of, 325; lobbying for, 279-80; in raised CO
z
 levels, 32, 35, 117, 119, 186, 222, 377; true cost of, 198, 324-25; see 
also specific fossil fuels 
France, 58, 62, 177; nuclear energy in, 14, 290; solar energy in, 390 
freedom, price of oil vs., 80, 93-94, 95, 97, 98,100 
Freedom House, 95, 98, 99, 105 Freling, Robert, 155, 156-57, 164 
430 
fuel, 32, 224, 408; cost of, 222, 335; fully-burdened cost of, 321 
fuel convoys, in Iraq War, 317-19, 321 
gasoline, 32-33, 190n, 192, 218, 224, 245, 260, 290; federal excise tax on, 9, 17; lobbies for, 245; price floor for, 257; prices of, 261, 263, 265-66, 329, 339, 378, 382; subsidies for, 41; unleaded, 373 
gasoline taxes, 324; in Europe, 14, 73, 263; in Japan, 14; 9/11 and, 21, 265-66; as price signal, 251, 261, 262-63, 400 General Electric (GE), 232, 247-48, 255-56,371-72,385 
General Motors (GM), 17-18, 106, 205, 275,400,402,403 
generators, 45, 157, 189, 318-20 Georgia, drought in, 128-29 geothermal energy, 189, 209, 228, 243, 256,278,288,290,306,308,325,386; tax incentives for, 378-79 
Germany, 62, 177, 256, 380, 387-90 GE Transportation, 267-68, 269-72 glaciers, 111, 130, 160, 174 
Gleick, Peter, 44, 195, 208 
global economy, 141, 147-48, 312; clean power and, 171; Dirty Fuels System and, 181-83 
globalization, 26, 69, 107, 298, 357; backlash against, 83; cities competing in, 327-28; extinctions and, 150-51; localization and, 168-69; as threat to biodiversity, 147-48 
global marketplace, 30-3 I, 148 
global warming, 5, 26, 31-37, 111-39, 145, 263, 301, 306, 350, 393, 410-11; CO
Z
 and, 34-36, 112-13, 124; economic transformation and, 172-73; energy poverty and, 158-61; fossil fuel addiction and, 81, 223, 260; as 'global weirding,' 133, 160, 211; as misleading terminology, 133-34; seen as Western conspiracy theory, 343; see also climate change 
Google, 161, 198, 203, 333, 383 
Gore, Al, 37, 111, 114-16, 129, 173, 223, 268,293 
government, 272; bad policy choices made by, 246; biodiversity protection and, 
INDEX 
302-303; in China, 349; clean energy investments of, 255, 258-59; energy research funded by, 384-85; federal, 406; health care research supported by, 247-48; incentives by, 256; local and state, 219; marketplace guidance by, 284-85; policies of, 199, 218, 302; research binding from, 382-83; standards by, 267-68; stimulus for energy efficiency by, 371-72; subsidies from, 257-58, 259; utilities regulation in transition to electric cars by, 292-93 
Great Depression, 19, 48, 406 green-collar jobs, 23, 337-39 green hawks, 317-22 
greenhouse gas emissions, 114-15, 123, 196, 211, 274, 285; from agriculture, 34-35, 119; climate change and, 117, 119, 137, 152; deforestation and, 34-35, 149, 299; enhanced greenhouse effect and, 35-36; Kyoto Protocol goals for, 49; reduction in, 244, 327; from transportation, 290-91; 
see 
also carbon dioxide emissions; methane; nitrogen oxide 
Greenland Ice Sheet, 44, 120, 122, 126 green revolution, 68, 199, 218, 224, 403, 412; civil rights movement compared to, 398-400; Department of Energy and, 409; future and, 403; green fad vs., 172, 203-16,397,400,404,411; innovation and regulation in, 268; as innovation challenge, 243; leadership for, 406-408; real, 396; World War 11 analogy to, 403-405 
health care, 8, 166, 256; energy poverty and, 157, 160, 162; innovation in, 247-48; subsidies for, 257-58, 385 heating, 41, 225, 283, 294 Hidary, Jack, 56, 216, 327-3I highways, 33, 59, 147, 152 Holdren, John, 37, 120-21, 124-26, 134, 142 
Holliday, Chad, 256-58 
House of Representatives, U.S., 378; gas-mileage standards in, 401-402; lobbying in, 408; omnibus appropriations bill of 2008 in, 380-81 
INDEX 
housing: in China, 58-59, 68, 364-65, 367; crisis in, 8-9; increasingly large, 147; smart, 224-33, 283, 292 
human rights, 48, 49, 100 Hummers, 17, 34, 35, 205, 261, 397 hunting, 131, 141, 205 
Hurricane Katrina, 43, 112, 136, 403 Hwang, Roland, 274-76 
hybrid cars, 54, 107, 233-34, 235-36, 290-91, 374-75, 377-78; Ford Escape, 328; New York taxis and limousines as, 327-31; Toyota Carry, 330; Toyota Highlander, 328; Toyota Prins, 183, 185, 249,282,327,328,397 
hybrid tractors, 196 Hyderabad, 62, 161, 167 hydroelectric dams, 160, 408 hydroelectric power, 32, 155, 210, 220, 
227, 228, 231, 233, 256, 288, 290, 355 hydrogen, 188, 213, 229, 243 
ice core samples, 37, 118 
Immelt, Jeffrey, 247-48, 255-57, 263, 270, 371-72,385,394 
Inconvenient 
Truth, An, 114, 130 
India, 60, 67, 93, 175, 233-35, 374, 409; America as new, 380; automobiles in, 62-63; Chindia price in, 175; demand for oil in, 105; as democracy, 61; economic growth in, 30-31, 38, 42, 61-63,182,212,214,259; energy consumption in, 72-73, 198; energy efficiency in, 212; energy poverty in, 155, 161-62, 166-68; energy subsidies in, 63; flooding in, 134; health trends in, 67; highways in, 33; Kyoto Protocol not accepted by, 49; outsourcing to, 340; poverty in, 61-63, 64; power plants in, 386; service economy of, 175; steel shortages in, 41; unemployment in nrral, 157; urbanization in, 63, 
167-68 
Indonesia, 69, 144, 146, 150, 176,204; American model followed in, 56; biodiversity in, 298, 299, 304-12; coral reefs in, 300; deforestation in, 34, 149, 298, 299, 312, 314; democracy in, 311; energy subsidies in, 41-42; environmental degradation in, 298, 299-301, 304-12, 314; greenhouse gas 
431 
emissions from, 299; labor as export of, 297-98, 312; as petrolist state, 96, 107; power plants in, 386; rising cost of food in, 68 
Industrial Revolution, 27, 31-33, 69, 170, 242; carbon emissions in, 32-33, 34, 36, 114-15, 117, 118, 137, 211; economic transformation in, 172, 181 
industry, 69, 210; energy-intensive manufacturing, 326; greenhouse gases from, 119; green movement among, 400-402; privatization and nationalization of, 95; regulations fought by, 277 
information technology (IT), 169, 217, 386; bubble in, 258-59; revolution in, 27,103,240,259,292-93 
innovation, 104, 186-90, 324, 374, 412; age of mass, 165-66; clean power and, 242-66; commercialization of, 372; cost
volume curve and, 251-52; in green products as competitive advantage, 327; market incentives for, 190-91; price and, 249-59;regulations and, 267-96, 371-72; tax incentives and, 378 
Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (LAGS), 91-92, 106 
insulation, 278, 337, 338 
internal combustion engines, 32-33, 290-91 
International Energy Agency, 39, 73, 155, 253 
Internet, 10, 225, 233, 237, 258-59, 292-93,323,332-33,358; energy poverty and lack of access to, 158, 161, 162, 165, 168; individual content and, 30 
investments, investors, 210-11, 214, 248, 250,252,254,257,258,259,316,326; biodiversity and, 302; in Energy Internet, 218 
Iran, 42, 92, 95, 95, 101, 265, 266; growth rate in, 68; oil prices and freedom to trade in, 95, 97; oil revenues in, 92, 110; as petrolist state, 96, 105, 106; revolution in, 81, 108, 110; Shiite Islam in, 92 
Iraq, 9, 68, 90, 103; suicide bombers in, 81, 106; U.S. Army and power issues in, 317-22 
Iraq War, 22, 90, 107-108, 180, 182, 385 
432 
Islam, 81; Desert vs. Urban, 82-84, 88; fundamentalist, 13, 78, 79-80, 179, 204-205; madrasah education in, 78-79, 86-88, 89-90, 310; Salafi/Wahhabi, 81-90, 92; shift in center of gravity of, 82-84; women in, 84-85, 86, 89-90, 102-103,108,178-79 
Israel, 92, 95, 205 Istanbul, 3-5, 81, 82, 88 
Jakarta, 90, 299, 300, 301, 311 
Japan, 55, 56, 66, 101, 160, 363; energy efficiency in, 14, 294-95; fuel economy standards in, 16; growth in, 38, 69; home fuel cells in, 295; Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of, 388; solar power in, 14-15, 295, 380, 386, 388; in World War 11, 403 
Johns Hopkins, 19, 263, 403 Jones, Van, 336-39 
Kammen, Daniel M., 250, 384-86 Karsner, Andy, 33, 178-80 Kellerman, Larry, 287-89 
Kenya, 41, 66, 146, 180, 316 kilowatt-hours, 221-22 
Kuwait, 80, 84, 88, 104, 320; American liberation of, 11, 16, 371; as petrolist state, 96, 107 
Kyoto Protocol, 49, 128, 176, 214, 303, 313, 354 
Laden, Osama bin, 78, 92, 107, 204 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 349, 382, 384; Helios Project of, 381-82 leadership, change and, 397,406-408 Lebanon, 92, 94, 103 
LEED Green Building Rating System, 284 Lewis, Nate, 34, 36, 112-13, 117, 118-19, 124,213-14,251-52,376,382 Lieberthal, Kenneth, 351-52 
lightbulbs, 208, 233, 284, 397; fluorescent, 54, 359, 401 
lighting, 32, 225, 283; passive, 236, 364; solar-powered, 251-52; turning off, 285 limousines, 329-31 
localization, globalization and, 168-69 locomotives: clean, 267-68, 272; Evolution Series diesel (EVO), 270-71 
logging, 152, 308, 310, 311, 312 
INDEX 
London, 3, 4, 28, 79, 88, 90, 333 
Los Angeles, Calif., 392, 406; pollution from China in, 348 
Lovins, Amory, 16-17, 263, 282, 316, 318, 411 
Loft, Gal, 91-92,106, 376 
Madagascar, 143, 150 malaria, 154, 159, 160 Malaysia, 56, 69, 305 Mandelbaum, Michael, 19,108, 263, 403, 404 
mangrove forests, 46, 160, 300-302 manhole covers, disappearing, 65, 69 
Maniates, Michael, 207-208, 405 manufacturing: in China, 121, 175, 343, 347, 349; of Clean Energy Systems, 379; cradle-to-cradle, 70-71; solar jobs as, 388-89 
market, marketplace, 105, 269, 372; for cellulosic ethanol, 257; clean energy and, 244-45; global, 30-31, 148; government guidance of, 284-85; intelligent redesign of, 245-47; OPEC price levels and, 250; regulations and, 243; taxes in reshaping of, 249-50; true costs in, 324 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 255, 277, 346, 360, 366, 374-75; Vehicle Design Summit Group at, 374-75 
mass transportation, 23, 73, 183, 234, 235, 347 
materials science, 246, 381, 382, 384 Man, Vladimir, 108-109, 110 McKinsey Global Institute, 68, 190, 191, 278 
megacities, 158, 167-68 mercury, 222, 357 methane (CH4), 34-35, 123 Mexico, 67, 68, 150, 267-68, 270 Microsoft, 243, 248, 255, 258, 333 middle class, 5, 7; entry into, 29-31, 38-39, 42,54-56,60,63,67-68 
Middle East, 3, 39, 41, 56, 81, 83; democracy in, 182; dependence on, 17, 18, 21, 23, 38, 179, 295; women in, 102-103 
Milankovitch cycles, 118 
INDEX 
military, U.S., 334; green hawks in, 317-22 
 mining, 148, 151, 152, 302, 310, 311, 324; of coal, 35, 130, 182, 377 Minneapolis, Minn.,
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           43, 112 newspapers, 95, 96-97, 100; in China, 346, 350-51; environmental reporters at, 204 NewYork, N.Y., 13, 327-31, 333 
NGOs, 97, 147, 196, 311 
Nigeria, 29, 95, 95, 100; energy poverty in, 156; as petroliststate, 96, 100 
9/11, 263; Bush's response to, 6, 21-22, 92-93, 180,265-66; gasoline taxes and, 21, 265-66; oil addiction and, 79-80; U.S. self-isolation in wake of, 3-5,8, 10-13 9/11 Commission, 87 
nitrogen oxide, 196, 222, 270, 271, 272 Noahs, 141, 302, 303, 304, 305, 311, 312-14 Nolan, Dan, 317, 318-22 
Nordland, Rod, 84-86 Norway, 62, 96, 259, 262 nuclear power, 18, 163, 213, 214, 220, 227, 230, 263-64, 268, 278, 287, 288, 372, 385, 408; in China, 393; concerns about safety of, 17, 189-90, 264, 406; electricity from, 290; and first commercial reactor, 247; in France, 14, 290; in Iran, 97; tax incentives for, 379 
oceans, 7,120-21,133,194,209,218,298, 306 
Ohio, 376, 386, 388-90, 391 
oil, 32, 33, 103, 137, 163, 182, 220, 242, 344; Arab nations and prices of, 68; cheapness of, 33, 245, 249, 252; conservation of, 17, 194, 240; consumption of, 210, 377; CO
z
 emissions and, 34, 35; crude, see crude oil; demand for, 73, 80, 107, 381; democracy vs., 101-104; dependence on, 41; electricity from, 220, 290; and fall of Soviet Union, 108-10; geopolitics and, 91; interests behind, 244-45; prices of, 14-16, 21, 39, 40, 68, 77, 80, 81, 93, 94-96,95,97,98,100,101-104,105, 108-10,155,222,245,249,250-57, 378; projected shortage of, 39, 325; subsidies for, 312; tax incentives for, 245, 379-80; tax on drilling of, 339, 379; true cost of, 198, 223; whale, 32 
oil crises: of 1973-74, 14, 108-10, 254, 265, 295, 325; of 1979, 15 
434 
oil glut, 14-15, 94 
oil industry, 15, 18, 249, 268, 376, 378-79, 400; discouraging picture painted by, 209; lobbying by, 245, 403; Proposition 87 lobbied against by, 339, 378; tacit monopoly of, 248-49 
OPEC, l4, 68, 79, 92, 106, 110, 245, 250, 371 
orangutans, 142, 304-309 outgreening, 322-40, 365, 393; mutual advantages of, 339-40; in New York City, 327-31; poverty defeated by, 336-39; by Sun Microsystems, 331-35; talent attracted by, 326, 330 outsourcing, 23, 340 
ozone, 15, 34, 43, 49, 328 
Pacala, Stephen, 211-14 Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, 44, 195, 208 
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 237-39,277,291-92 
Pakistan, 78-79, 81, 86-88, 90, 134, 155, 178 
palm oil, 142, 144, 147, 148-49, 190n, 312, 314 
Panigoro, Arifin, 307-308 Pantanal wetlands, 145, 146-47 Papua, 298, 301, 311 
payroll taxes, 262 Peak, Matt, 274-76 Pentagon, 10-11, 207, 317-21 Perdue, Sonny, 128-29 Persian Gulf, 42, 54, 93, 297 personal energy plan, 226-29 Peru, 316; Rio Tambopata research station in, 146, 151; Sacred Valley of the Incas in, 160 
petrodictatorship, 5, 26, 42-43, 47, 49, 77-110,170,171,173,178,187,199, 223, 235, 245, 259, 263, 344, 381, 403 petroleum-based products, 41, 107, 373 petrolist states, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 100 petropolitics, 91, 301; First Law of, 79-80, 
93, 96, 101; Second Law of, 110 pipelines, 147, 245 
plants, 44, 158, 209, 218, 300, 302; extinction of, 5, 27, 46-47, 141-42, 396; photosynthesis in, 306, 382 
plant waste, 148, 229, 257 plastic bags, 373, 398 plastics, 107, 290 
pollution, 224, 251, 260, 336, 358; air, see air pollution; biodiversity loss and, 141, 145, 151; fossil fuels and, 198, 222-23, 242; as waste, 273; water, see water pollution 
Pope, Carl, 65, 69-70 
population growth, 65-66, 103, 146-47, 301; and consumption rates, 66-67, 210; energy poverty and, 155, 166-68; in India, 62; rapid, 5, 26, 28-29, 37, 38, 40, 42,45,54-55,159 
Porter, Michael, 272-73 
poverty, 40, 81, 183, 187; absolute, 62; alleviation of, 154-55; deforestation and, 159, 312-13; among elderly homeowners, 338; energy, see energy poverty; in India, 61-63; outgreening as strategy for defeating of, 336-39; rise out of, 30-31, 147, 171, 194, 210, 212; as threat to ecosystems, 146-47 
power, 219, 220-21, 408; clean, 7, 293; renewable, 229; see also energy power grid, 156, 163, 220-21, 283, 289, 392;overprovisioned,229-30;regional, 220, 227; reselling of energy to, 234-35; smart, see smart grid 
power plants, 156, 158, 219; Chinese regulations on, 355-56; investment in new, 222, 229-30, 285, 286; operational costs for, 222 
prices, 247; as brake on bad behavior, 259-60; innovation and, 249-59 price signals, 250, 253-57, 261-64, 269, 293,400 
Prickett, Glenn, 145-48, 151, 194 95, 314, 315-16,408 
production tax incentives, 16, 378-79 Proposition 87, 339, 377-78 
publicly regulated utilities, 218-24, 248, 285-90,408 
Putin, Vladimir, 42, 94-95, 98 
Qatar, 53, 80, 84, 91, 96 
railroads, 259, 267-68, 269-72 
rain, 133-34, 141-42, 145, 159, 182, 302 
INDEX 
INDEX 
rainforests, 46, 302; agroforestry in, 308-309; in Amazon, 147, 316; biodiversity in, 306; decreased productivity• of, 159; destruction of, 142, 144, 298, 308; protection of, 149, 174, 178, 197 
Rain, B. Ramahnga, 161, 175-76,409 Reagan, Ronald, 19, 108; energy policies of, 14-16, 17 
recycling, 70, 206, 208, 361, 404 regulations, 207, 243, 246, 257, 285, 293,324,373-74,397,400,408; automotive, 274-76; in Code Green, 199; decoupling-plus, 286-87; energy efficiency, 289-90; and GE Transportation's locomotives, 267-68, 269-72; innovation and, 267-90, 371-72 regulatory boards, state-appointed, 219, 221 renewable energy, 21, 32, 68, 70, 107, 178, 186, 198, 210, 229, 230, 258, 268, 278, 287, 378, 379; in China, 355; in Denmark, 18; EU goals for, 148-49, 256; innovation in, 249-50; mandate for, 188, 263; market for, 254-55; oil price vs., 250; price of, 71; research and development for, 9, 255, 383-84; Shell's predictions for, 190; tax incentives for, 16, 206, 245, 378-79; true cost of, 325-26; for U.S. military, 318-22; see also alternative energy 
renewable energy portfolio standards, 355, 391,392 
Republican party, 15, 17, 138, 215, 377, 381, 391, 401 
resource curse, 98-99 
 resource productivity, 70, 76, 190-91, 198, 199, 204, 209, 344, 349 Richardson,lex.,281-82,284
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     rivers, 46, 181, 196-97, 209, 218, 298, 301, 302, 310, 314, 350 
Rocky Mountain Institute, 17, 263, 282, 318,409 
Rogers, Jim, 191, 239-40, 287, 289 rolling energy storage units (RESUs), 225, 233-34,236 
Romm, Joseph, 115-17, 121-22, 160, 188-89,253,385 
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 403, 405, 406 Ross, Michael L., 101-103 
Royal Dutch Shell, 38-39, 190 
435 
rubber, 33, 69, 308, 309 
Russia, 31, 56, 95, 134, 265; democracy vs. oil prices in, 77, 79, 95, 98, 104; energy usage in, 68; market economy in, 61-62; oil cutoff used to intimidate Ukraine by, 42-43; oil production in, 109-10; as petrolist state, 96, 105, 106, 107; see also Soviet Union 
Sande], Michael J., 192, 215 Satyam, 161, 166-67, 175, 409 Saudi Arabia, 42, 53, 77, 89-90, 93, 130, 250, 265; attack on U.S. base in, 
10; BAE Systems and, 106; IPCC statements weakened by, 121; Islamic fundamentalism supported by, 79, 81-91; oil in, 79, 83-84, 92, 109-10; as petrolist state, 96, 106-107; as U.S. ally, 91, 371; U.S. dependence on, 15, 21,79-80,105-106,107,245,371; Wahhabi ruling family of, 81-82, 88-89 Schendler, Auden, 409-10 Schneider, Stephen, 284-85, 406 Schwarzenegger,Arnold, 138, 180 Schweitzer, Brian, 130-32 
scrap metal, shortage of, 65, 69 
sea level, rise in, 44, 111, 122, 145, 159, 174,177,302 
Seidman, Dov, 322-23, 326 
Senate, U.S.; Foreign Relations Committee of, 105; gas-mileage standards in, 401-402; lobbying in, 408--409; omnibus appropriations bill of 2008 in, 381 
servers, 331, 332-33 
Shanghai, 54, 57, 67, 74, 158, 308, 343, 363 
Shapiro, Andrew, 171, 172 Shiite Muslims, 83, 86, 90-91 Sierra Club, 65, 124, 183, 356-57, 374, 401,402 
silicon photovoltaic solar cells, 189, 362, 386 
Singapore, 56, 258, 281 
Smart Black Box (SBB), 224-28, 231, 239, 292 
Smart Card, 232-33 
smart grid, 217, 228, 230-31, 235, 240, 
243,246,269,290,292-94 smart homes, 224-33, 283, 292 
436 
INDEX 
INDEX 
437 
snow, 134, 142, 160 snowmelt, 130-31, 160 socialism, 60-61, 103, 259 Socolow,Robert, 211-14 soil, 134, 158, 314 
soil runoff, 159, 196 
solar arrays, 206-207, 228-29, 230 
Solar Electric Light Fund (SELForg), 155, 164-65 
solar panels, 236, 239, 278, 325, 337, 338 solar power, 32, 54,189, 213, 243, 251-52, 256, 263, 268, 338, 372, 378; America's lost lead in, 14-15, 380, 386, 388-91, 406; battery storage needed for, 189; in China, 355, 362-63, 393; in Denmark, 18; in developing world, 155; distributed, 289, 318-21; efficient locations for, 206-207, 289; electricity from, 220, 290, 387; in energy-poor areas, 155, 163, 164-65, 178-80; European commitment to, 380, 386; German feed-in tariff for, 380, 389-90; incentives for utilities with, 288; in Japan, 295, 380, 386; in 1970s, 15, 250, 254; research for, 383-84; silicon photovoltaic solar cells for, 362, 386; 
in smart grid, 228, 229, 230-31; tax incentives for, 14, 245, 378-80, 391, 397, 399; thermal, 189, 236; true cost of, 325-26; uncertain market for, 388, 390-91; in U.S. military, 318-21; in Wal-Mart, 71 
South Africa, 3, 134-35, 154-55, 182; energy poverty in, 45, 163; solar-powered high school in, 164-65 
South America, 33, 56, 134, 159 
Southern California Edison, 224, 229, 230, 235, 287, 289; wind power and, 392-93 Soviet Union, 10, 60-61, 77, 86, 103; collapse of, 15, 19, 30, 108-10, 121; economic inefficiences in, 108-109 soybeans, 67, 147, 148, 312 
Spain, 62, 88, 160, 256, 390 Sridhar, K. R., 168-69, 191 Stanford University, 279, 284, 391,406 State Council, Chinese, 350-51, 373 steel, 33, 40-41, 70, 344, 362 Steinfeld, Edward S., 346, 360-61, 362 strip mining, 130, 377 
subprime mortgages, 8-9, 106 
subsidies, 281; for biofuels, 183, 197-98, 205, 245, 257, 376; food and energy, 41-42,312 
suburbs, 33, 71-72 
Sudan, 128, 134; China's partnership with, 80, 105; as petrolist state, 
96, 105 
Suebu, Barnabas, 298, 301, 311 sugarcane, in biofuels, 14, 144, 148, 190n, 245 
suicide bomb squads, 81, 90, 106 Sumatra, 146, 149, 308, 315; North, 304, 305 
Sun Microsystems, 31, 232, 326, 331-35, 383 
Sun Rayterminals, 232-33, 332 supply and demand, laws of, 41, 403 Supriatna, Jatna, 305-11 sustainability, 327, 329, 331, 397 sustainable energy, 
see 
renewable energy Suzuki, Severn, 395-97 
switchgrass, 149, 196, 257 
Syria, 88, 94, 103, 317; as petrolist state, 96, 107 
systems theory, 182-86, 199 
Taiwan, 56, 65, 281, 358 Taliban, 79, 81, 87 
tax disincentives, 243, 244, 246 
taxes, 18, 260, 374; cap-and-trade system as indirect, 251, 261-62, 377, 397, 400; carbon, 
see 
carbon taxes; Chinese protests against, 360; on CO, 18; federal excise on gasoline, 9; gasoline, 
see 
gasoline taxes; as incentive for saving, 18; on oil, 257, 339, 377; oil-rich countries and lack of, 101; payroll, 262; political difficulties with, 265; reshaping market with, 249-50 
tax incentives, 199, 250, 253-54, 281; for alternative energy, 14, 16, 206, 243, 244, 245,246,253-54,377-79,388-89,397, 399; for oil, coal, and gas, 245, 378, 379-80 
tax investment credits: in Japan, 380, 388; for solar energy, 378-79, 391 
taxis, hybrid, 327-31 
Tehachapi Pass, wind farms in, 392-93 temperature, 133-34, 145; rise in, I 11, 124,158-61 
terrorists, terrorism, 4-5, 29, 81, 90-91, 104 Texas Instruments, 281-84 
Texas Renewable Portfolio Mandate, 263 tidal power, 32, 378, 406 
timber, 148, 312, 344 Totten, Michael, 186, 313 toxic waste, 15, 34, 260 Toyota Prins hybrid, 183, 185, 249, 254, 282, 327, 328, 397 
trains, 148, 210, 224, 267-68, 290 transmission lines, 219, 278, 286, 392, 397, 406,408 
transportation, 148, 190n, 210, 224; carbon emissions in, 74, 290-91; clean, 274; electrification of, 290-92, 364; fundamental changes in, 208; infrastructure for, 21; mass, 23, 73, 183,234,235,347; revolution in,32-33 trout rivers, temperature in, 130-31 trucks, 148, 210, 224, 290, 401 Turkey, 3-5, 40-41, 88, 320 
Ukraine, 42 43, 357 
unemployment, 262; in China, 345; in Denmark, 18; in rural India, 157; in South Africa, 163; youth, 103 
United Arab Emirates, 80, 84, 91, 96, 297 United Nations, 28-29, 48, 303; Bali climate-change conference of, 128, 297, 300; Brundtland Commission of, 49; Kyoto Protocol and, 128, 313; Millennium Development Goals of, 155; World Meteorological Organization of, 134-35 
United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 43, 116, 117, 120-22, 211 
United States, 69, 96, 107, 355, 362; affluent lifestyle modeled by, 31, 54-57, 63-65,66-68,70,75-76,210,364, 366-67; Afghanistan invaded by, 78; biofuelsin,190n;cap-and-trade programs and, 261; capitalism in, 
57, 175, 177; carbon tax in, 345; car culture in, 33, 73; and Chinese green revolution, 346-47, 365-67; clean energy innovation in, 7, 9, 76, 174, 176, 242-66, 325-26, 367; Cold War priorities of, 6, 9-10, 19, 103; compliance with regulations in, 356, 
373-74; consequences of oil addiction of, 79-80, 88; corn lobby in, 245, 246; CO
Z
 emission in, 54, 113; declining travel to, 12-13; democracy and environmental leadership in, 406-408; dependence on foreign oil by, 15-17, 21, 23, 80-81, 86, 92-93, 107, 183, 204, 344; dependence on Saudi Arabia by, 15, 21, 79-80, 105-106, 107, 245, 371; 'dumb as we wanna be' mood in, 8-9, 17, 18-19, 20; economic growth in, 214, 219; economic reinventions of, 386; efficiency standards in, 278-79; electricity system in, 218-24; energy consumption in, 21, 54, 66, 72-73, 278-79, 364; energy legislation in, 355; energy policy in, 14-18, 376; as environmental holdout, 7, 24; foreign aid from, 103; freedom in, 75-76, 174; gasoline tax in, 262-63; greenhouse 
gas emissions from, 299; greening as reenergizing of, 173-77, 180, 335-36; green jobs in, 172-73; innovation in, 372, 373-74, 375; in Iraq War, 
see 
Iraq War; Kyoto Protocol not accepted by, 49; legacy industries in,375-80;looking green in, 205-206; lost lead in wind and solar technology of, 380, 385-91, 406; national park system in, 176; national renewable energy portfolio standard for, 391; nation-building in, 9, 22-23; need for energy efficiency innovation in, 7, 76, 174, 180, 207, 209, 210, 214, 224, 242, 245-46, 253-55, 408; need for environmental ethic in, 7; need for reconfiguration in utilities in, 285-90; negative perceptions of, 79, 177, 180; 
as new India, 380; nuclear energy in, 
see 
nuclear power; oil consumption rates in, 290; outgreening by, 365; overdevelopment in, 71-72; postwar economic growth in, 38; as potential world leader in green revolution, 5-7, 22-25,27,174-81,344,365-67,386, 412; public's willingness to do the right thing in, 265, 284, 399, 401, 403, 405; regional power grids in, 220; relationship to the Arab world of, 107; Russian oil in, 43; science education falling behind in, 315; slow pace of change in, 373; as sole superpower, 395; state-level renewable 
438 
INDEX 
 United States (cont.)
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

'I arrived to the dinner a little late, and the restaurant looked full,' re
 called Volkert, who is the CEO of a Dutch investment fund.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Only in late 2007-thirty-two years after Congress ordered mile
 age improved to 27.5
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The hour is late, the stakes couldn't be higher, the project couldn't be harder, the payoff couldn't be greater.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The process began in the late 1700s with the Industrial Revolution, when manual labor, horse
power, and water power began to be replaced by or enhanced by ma
 chines.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Gasoline-powered motorcars were invented in Germany in the late nineteenth century, but, according to Ideafinder.com,
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

However, scientists studying the rapid rise in global temperatures during the late twentieth century say that natural variabil
 ity cannot account for what is happening now.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Here is a brief look at each one: 
ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES SUPPLY AND DEMAND: From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution right up to the late twentieth century, most Americans, and most people around the world, lived under the happy illusion that the fossil fuels we were us- 
38 
HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
TODAY'S WEATHER: HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED   39 
 2050, because of the combination of population growth and greater wealth driven by the globalization of markets.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

to press steelmakers to cut their prices, which have more than doubled locally since late last year.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The panel's chairman, Rajendra Pachauri, told reporters at the issuance of the final summary that 'if there's no action before 2012, that's too late.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

So we flew into Dallas, late in the evening, and rented a van for our whole film crew to drive out to the 'suburb' of McKinney.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Oil prices and production kept falling as the Soviet pre
 mier Mikhail Gorbachev tried reforming Communism, but by then it was too late.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Three, they tell you it matters but it's too late to do anything about it: 'Yes, climate disruption is going to do some real damage, but it's too late, too difficult, or too costly to avoid that, so we'll just have to hunker down and suffer.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

In late July, swollen rivers threatened to burst their banks ...
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Late last month in Sudan, floods and heavy rain caused 23,000 mud brick homes to col
 lapse, killing at least 62 people.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

In late 2007, I went to Atlanta and visited the eye of the hurricane she set off: the Weather Channel's headquarters itself, located in a nonde
 script office block.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Later is too late, so whatever we are going to save, we'd better start saving now.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                        -the late Dana Meadows, Dartmouth College 
environmentalist 

n 2006,1 was invited by a student energy/environment group at Stan
 ford to give a talk on campus about green innovation.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                             Given the small net energy and CO
z
 contribution made by corn ethanol, the whole craze reminds me of the late economist Ken Bould
 ing's definition of suboptimal: Doing the best possible job at something that should not be done at all.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

So keep an open eye and an open mind, and remember what the late, great science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke famously observed: 'Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

It can take electrical energy from the grid late at night, when power is cheapest, and, via a process 
of 
electrolysis, convert water into hy
 drogen and store it in a storage tank, and then convert it back to electricity for you and your neighbors to power homes or charge cars during peak hours, when electricity is twice as expensive.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

T
 he person who best expressed the critical importance that relative prices play in stimulating innovation m renewable energy was none other than the late great Saudi Arabian oil minister Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          In
deed, it was precisely the overexuberance of the dot-corn bubble that led to the overinvestment of billions of dollars into fiber-optic cable from the late 1990s to the early 2000s, which accidentally wired-and flattened
 the world, making Internet connectivity virtually free for everyone.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                             The Clinton administration, late in its sec
ond term, ordered that the air conditioner energy-efficiency standard be raised from SEER 10 to SEER 13, which, once implemented, consti
 tuted about a 30 percent improvement: more cooling for less electricity.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Yet, the tidal flood late last month in Jakarta reminds us that if we don't respect these salt-water tolerant plant commu
 nities, it can turn our backyards into the wasteland.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Lu Xuedu, deputy director of the Global Environmental Affairs Of- 
349 
350 
 fice of the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China's Xinhua News Agency (October 4, 2007) that 'climate change has begun to take its toll in China in recent years, and we shouldn't wait till it is too late to take action.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Consider this: One morning in late 2007 China's shopkeepers woke up and found that the State Council had announced that beginning June 1, 2008, all supermarkets, department stores, and shops would be 
 prohibited from giving out free plastic bags, in order to discourage the use of these petroleum-based products.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

It wasn't until late 2004, after a total investment of over $150 million, that the first small manufactur
 ing line became fully operational.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

He was in his late twenties and said he worked for the USAID contracting firm Development Alternatives Inc. 'I liked what you were trying to say,' he began.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

When it does-if a few more Hurricane Katrinas hit a few more cities-'it will be the biggest interest group in history-but by then it could be too late,' he added.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

It now has a quote from [the late author] Charles Bukowski, who was this hard-drinking barroom brawler.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                                                             Given the enormity of this task, how do we avoid the trap of easy op
timism or easy pessimism? We have to walk the line between Auden Schendler's two business cards: the line between a can-do optimism and a keen awareness that the hour is late and the scale of the problems prac
 tically overwhelming.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                  ALSO BY THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN 

From Beirut to Jerusalem (1989) The Lexus and the Olive Tree (1999) Longitudes and Attitudes (2002) The World Is Flat (2005) 
THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN 

Hot, Flat, and Crowded 
WHY WE NEED A GREEN REVOLUTION
AND HOW IT CAN RENEW AMERICA 













FARRAR, STRAUS AND GIROUX NEW YORK 
Farrar, Straus and Giroux 18 West 18th Street, New York 10011 
 Copyright © 2008 by Thomas L. Friedman All rights reserved Distributed in Canada by Douglas & McIntyre Ltd.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                            'We have 
seen such moments before-the democratic revolutions of the Enlight
enment or the Industrial Revolution, and in our own time, the informa
 tion technology revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The third flattener was a quiet revolution in software and transmis
 sion protocols, which I call the 'work flow revolution' because of how it made everyone's computer and software interoperable-thus enabling work to flow farther and faster through internal company networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

This revolution, over time, shifted Britain, Europe, and eventually North America from largely agricultural and trading societies to manu
 facturing ones, relying on machinery and engines rather than tools and animals.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

In America, these concerns set in motion an environmental movement, which eventually produced legislation designed to protect or restore 
The Industrial Revolution was at heart a revolution in the use of en
 ergy and power.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                        Since the Industrial Revolu
tion, all these energy functions have been powered primarily, but not exclusively, by fossil fuels that emit carbon dioxide (C0
2
)' 
To put it another way, the Industrial Revolution gave a whole new prominence to what Rochelle Lefkowitz, president of Pro-Media Com
 munications and an energy buff, calls 'fuels from hell'-coal, oil, and natural gas.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The early years of the twentieth century also brought a transporta
 tion revolution with the invention of the internal combustion engine and its use to power cars and trucks.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The buildup of these greenhouse gases had been under way since the start of the Industrial Revolution in a place we could not see and in a form we could not touch or smell.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The composition of the earth's atmosphere 'has been relatively unchanged for twenty million years,' noted Caltech's Nate Lewis, but in the last hundred years 'we have begun to dramatically transform that atmosphere and change the heat balance between the earth and the sun in ways that could pro
foundly affect the habitats of every plant, animal, and human on this planet' On the eve of the Industrial Revolution-according to ice core samples that have trapped air bubbles from previous eras and can pro
vide us a snapshot of climate conditions going back thousands of years
 the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere stood at roughly 280 parts per million by volume.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Here's what he means: In 1973, 1980, and 1990, we saw sudden oil price spikes because of wars and revolution in the Middle East, which sharply limited the supply of oil.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The dispute comes a year after the Orange Revolution brought a pro-Western government to power in Ukraine ...
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Higher prices and new technologies, like the green revolution, always came to the rescue, boosting supplies and allowing the world to continue to grow.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

         The Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth cen
turies, added Pope, was fed, in part, 'by the American Midwest, an unex
 ploited commons for producing grain, and by Britain exploiting India to grow tea that was shipped to China to obtain Chinese silver and silks.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                  When that failed after [Japan lost World War II], they fueled their postwar in
dustrial revolution by harvesting all the fisheries in the world to feed the Japanese salarymen making Toyotas:' 
The bad news for today's rising economic powers and new capitalists is that there are few virgin commons left to fuel their takeoff into capital
 ism.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

awakened the royal family to the lively prospect of revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

 The Saudi drive to export Salafi Islam went into high gear after radi
cal fundamentalists challenged the Muslim credentials of the Saudi rul
ing family by taking over the Grand Mosque of Mecca in 1979-a year 
 that, by coincidence, coincided with the Iranian revolution and a huge spike in oil prices.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                    from
and representation in-their government' 
 The way I like to put it is: The motto of the American Revolution was 'No taxation without representation.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

All that started to change in the 1980s, with population bulges, large numbers of unemployed youth, a global information revolution, and a real global democracy movement after the collapse of Communism.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

It was, he explained, the sharp rise in oil prices in the 1970s, due to the Arab oil embargo and the Iranian revolution, that de
luded the Kremlin into propping up inefficient industries by overextend
 ing economic subsidies at home, into postponing real economic reforms, and into invading Afghanistan abroad-and then it was the collapse of prices in the 1980s and early 1990s that brought down the overextended, petrified empire.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The social backlash against forced modernization produced the Islamic revolution and the ayatollahs of 1979.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The climate-change deniers come in three basic varieties: those paid by fossil fuel companies to deny that global warming is a serious human-caused problem; those scientists, a small minority, who have looked at the data and concluded for different reasons that the rapid and extensive increase in greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial 
 Revolution is not a major threat to the planet's livability; and, finally, those conservatives who simply refuse to accept the reality of climate change because they hate the solution-more government regulation and intervention.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Broadly speaking, that answer goes like this: Before the Industrial Revolution, in the mid-eighteenth century, and for the previous 10,000 years or so, planet earth had roughly 280 parts per million by volume of CO
Z
  in its atmosphere.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The only explanation for that large a dif
 ferential in such a short period of time is the emission of carbon from the industrial use of fossil fuels by humans and from deforestation since the onset of the Industrial Revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

After the onset of the Industrial Revolution, and particularly in the last fifty years, the amount of CO
2
 in the earth's atmosphere shot 
Lip 
 from 280 pprn to 384 ppm, where it has probably never been for twenty million years-and at a speed of increase that took the sun thousands of years in each cycle to produce.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Cullen went on to note that the American Meteorological Society has issued a statement on climate change that reads: 'There is convinc
ing evidence that since the industrial revolution, human activities, result
 ing in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other trace constituents in the atmosphere, have become a major agent of climate change.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

'This kind of telemedicine is the information technology revolution at its best.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Why an opportunity? Quite simply because the human race can no longer continue to power its growth with the fossil-fuel-based system that has evolved since the Industrial Revolution and thrust us into the Energy-Climate Era.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

And in the Industrial Revolution there was a very clear before and after.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

174 
 On top of it all, mounting a real revolution-going Code Green-is a 'quintessentially American opportunity,' added Lois Quam.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                                                              Precisely because America's capitalist system and research universi
ties are, in combination, still the most powerful innovation engine ever created, the world cannot effectively address the big problems of the Energy-Climate Era-quickly and at scale-without America, its presi
dent, its government, its industry, its markets, and its people either lead
 ing the revolution or aspiring to do so.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Since the Industrial Revolution and the rise of modern capitalism, the global economy has been driven by what I would call the Dirty Fuels System.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

And in politics and economics, there is a simple tern that describes the process of replacing one system with another: 
 revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Some people say that is what we're having right now-a green revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                         -From the Internet 
W
 hat do you mean? We're not having a green revolution? But I lust picked up 
Working Mother 
magazine at the doctor's of
 fice and read the cover story: '205 Easy Ways to Save the Earth' (November 2007).
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

1 have read or heard so many people saying, 'We're having a green revolution.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

But whenever I hear that 'we're having a green revolution' line I can't resist firing back: 'Really? Really? A green revolution? Have you ever seen a revolution where no one got hurt? That's the green revolution we're having.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

In the green revolution we're having, everyone's a winner, nobody has to give up anything, and the adjective that most often modi
 fies 'green revolution' is 'easy.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

That's not a revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

'Yes, step right up, ladies and gentlemen, in the green revolution we're having in America today, everybody gets to play, everybody's a winner, nobody gets hurt, and nobody has to do any
 thing hard.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

As I said, that's not the definition of a revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Right now we are having a green hallucination, not a green revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Sure, if you look at how far we have come in just the last five years, it can feel like we're having a green revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

            They are happy to tell us about the scale of the problem-but usu
ally with secret delight, because they want us to believe that a real green 
revolution is impossible to pull 
off, 
 so we have no choice but to remain addicted to oil, gas, and coal.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, they argued that the risk of really weird global weirding grows rapidly as C0
2
 levels approach a doubling of the concentration of C0
2
 that was in the at
mosphere before the Industrial Revolution, which was 280 parts per mil
 lion (ppm).
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

For all the talk of a green revolution, said Lewis, 'things are not getting better.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

But implementing a green revolution 
 at speed and scale is going to mean confronting some of the economic, regional, and corporate vested interests that live at the heart of both parties-from farmers in Iowa to coal lobbies in West Virginia.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

There
 fore, without a real clash within the Republican and Democratic parties on this issue, there will be no real green revolution in America.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

You can't call something a revolution when the maximum changes that are politically feasible still fall well short of the minimum needed to start making even a dent in the problem.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

               HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
TEN 
The Energy Internet: When IT Meets ET 



 Revolution is not a dinner party, not an essay, nor a painting, nor a Piece of embroidery; it cannot be advanced softly, gradually, carefully, considerately, respectfully, politely, plainly and modestly.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

It would feel like the information technology revolution and the energy technology revolution, IT and ET, had merged into a single sys
 tem.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

What we need most now are the integrated government policies-laws and standards, taxes and credits, incentives and mandates, minimums and maximums
 to guide and stimulate the marketplace to drive that innovation further, to commercialize these new ideas faster, and to bring this revolution to life sooner.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Well, our power utilities are more interesting than you think-and they are also more critical to get
 ting the Code Green revolution right than people realize.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

So if we could electrify all of our transportation fleet, save for airplanes, and make all of them, and our buildings too, vastly more energy efficient at the same time
and then supply this whole 70 percent, buildings and transportation, with clean, abundant, cheap, reliable electrons through a smarter grid
 that would be a revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

That's the real green revolution we are seeking.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

So let's hop into a time machine and see what it would actually be like to live inside a real green revolution in the year 20 E.C.E.-Energy-Climate Era.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

If we could just add another breakthrough on top of that-inventing a source of energy that would give us abundant, clean, reliable, and cheap electrons to power this En
 ergy Internet and that would dramatically reduce our usage of coal, oil, and natural gas-the revolution would be complete.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Itwill be like two giant rivers coming together-the IT revolution and the ET revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                   Fried
man, you Americans got to grow dirty for 150 years-you got to have your 
242   HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
 Industrial Revolution based on coal and oil-now it is our turn.'
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

That is why the green revolution is first and foremost an innovation challenge-not a regulation challenge.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The dotcom bubble funded so much innovation during the 1990s that in just a decade it spawned the Internet-World Wide Web-ecommerce ecosys
 tem that became the IT revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

When it comes to implementing a green revolution, the more boring the work, the more revolutionary its impact.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

And it is that interaction between government regulators and corporate man
 agers and engineers-that dull, gray, boring interaction about standards-that is essential on a grand scale if we are going to spur the innovation we need to have a real green revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

It's the next industrial revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

 The information technology revolution, particularly the PC, the In
ternet, and the World Wide Web, took off only after common transmis

HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED 
IF IT 
ISN'T BORING, 
11' ISN'T 
GREEN 
 sion protocols and language standards emerged for sending e-mail and documents.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

In the IT revolution, because it was based on bits and bytes and innovation came fast and furious, companies either learned to master the inherent power of the in
formation technology revolution and harnessed it to drive their own busi
 nesses past their competitors', or were roadkill.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

So when you wake up one day and power companies are competing to make you more energy efficient, the way phone companies compete today for your long-distance business; when parking garages are paying you to park there because they will sell you solar power from their roof and share in your sale of that power to the grid; when your electricity is more costly but your bills have shrunk; and when green is the standard, not an option-you'll know that were having a green revolution and not just a green party.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

So for me, the crucial question of this book is actually two questions: 'Can America really lead a real green revolution?' and 'Can China really fol
 low?' Everything else is just commentary ...
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

At first, as mounting pollution became an issue in the 1990s, China's leaders tried to engineer Green GDPism the same way they did the Cul
 tural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward: by just ordering it from the top down.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

They will never say so, but I do not think 
 they can go green without, over time, going at least a little orange -A la the Orange Revolution in Ukraine in 2004-and loosening the reins on civil society.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                            That is such an asset when it comes to trying to en
gineer a sweeping change, like the green revolution, where you are com
peting against deeply embedded, well-funded, entrenched interests, and where you have to motivate the public to accept certain short-term sacri
 fices, including higher energy prices, for long-term gains.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Where it came from was enormous frustration born of traveling from one end of this country to the other over the past three years, looking at almost every conceivable form of energy generation, and meeting all sorts of wacky, wild, and wonderful energy innovators, entrepeneurs, and venture capitalists-from garage mechanics to directors of our premier research institutes-and coming away feeling that we are really primed for a green takeoff, that we have all the necessary ingredients for a real Code Green revolution, but our government has not shaped the market to capitalize on what is naturally bubbling up from below.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Business saw that we were serious and they invested, and now we tout our biotech revolution as a great success.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Suzuki's speech is one of the most eloquent statements I have ever heard about both the strategic and the moral purpose of a real green revolution at the dawn of the Energy-Climate Era-from anyone of any age.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

For me, the beauty, power, and virtue of Suzuki's words is in their raw reminder of what a real green revolution is all about.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

For starters, the green revolution should look to two precedents: the civil rights movement and America's mobilization to fight World War II.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

T
  he green revolution is similar to the civil rights movement in that it is about personal virtue but does not stop at personal virtue.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

That is the next step the green revolution has to take.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

But unless politicians believe that the public is willing to ac
 cept the price and regulatory changes needed to launch the clean power revolution, and will cry out for them to punish the people or companies that resist them, they will continue to take the view that maintaining the status quo is easier than butting heads with oil, coal, and gas companies and the lawmakers who represent them.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The green revolution is not where it needs to be.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

For all these reasons, if we are going to summon the will, focus, and authority to push through a real green revolution, we will need a presi
 dent who isn't afraid to do whatever it takes to lead it.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Therefore, no single agency in the U.S. government had to be tasked with envisaging and implementing a clean energy revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

That means creating a real 'Department of Energy' to help shape a real green revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

The main task of the current Department of Energy-mo
s
t people don't realize-is watching over our nuclear 
 weapons stockpile, not guiding a green revolution.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

If this book contributes in any way to making a real green revolution, spearheaded by America, move from inconceivable to inevitable, I will consider it a success.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                carbon emissions and, 148, 210, 224; in China, 59, 347, 362, 367; electric, 225, 233-34,235-36,241,263,290,292; engine sizes of, 193; feebates for, 261, 263; flex-fuel, 205; fuel efficiency of, 14-17,21,23,174,183,185,212,263, 265-66,270,284,397,401 -402, 408; as gas guzzlers, 73, 263; hybrid, see hybrid can,; hydrogen-powered, 188, 213; increased number of, 147; in India, 62-63; rise of, 32-33; as rolling energy storage units (RESUs), 225, 233-34, 236; in Russia, 61-62 
Avidan, Amos, 245-46 
Baghdad, 81, 90-91, 318 
Bahrain, 10-11, 93-94, 97-98, 107 Balad, 22, 318 
Bali, 128, 146, 297, 300 Bangladesh, 134, 155, 157, 159 Batang Gadis tropical forest, 310--11 Batang Tom tropical forest, 304-308, 311 batteries, 189; in electric cars, 290-92; in 
Toyota Prius, 185, 283 Becker, Dan, 401-402, 408 Beijing, 58-59, 74, 331, 348, 349, 350-51, 352, 359, 373; air pollution in, 347, 364 Berlin Wall, fall of, 11, 30, 48, 79, 95, 105 biodiversity, 140-53, 182, 194, 209, 301; in Brazil, 299; in China, 140-41, 344, 345; definition of, 144; government's role in protecting of, 302-303; hot spots for, 
7, 298; in Indonesia, 299; loss of, 27, 45-47,49,145,153,170,171,173,186, 190n,198,223,259,301,344,381,403; marine, 299; preservation of, 34, 145, 182,197 
biofuels, 71, 196, 256, 382; in competition with food, 41, 190n, 197-98, 257, 382; European Union and, 148-49; land allocation for, 41, 398; subsidies for, 183, 197-98, 205, 245, 257, 376; see also ethanol 
biomass, 18, 32, 155, 229, 355, 379, 398 blackouts, economic costs of, 45, 156, 157, 163,167 
Brazil, 60, 145, 152, 176, 195-97, 255; American locomotives exported to, 267-68, 270; biodiversity in, 299; 
INDEX 
biofuels in, 14, 190n, 196, 245; carbon emissions reductions in, 279; deforestation in, 34, 147; economic growth in, 31, 259; Pantanal wetlands in, 145, 146-47 
Britain, 31, 62, 69, 83, 93, 96, 106, 134 Brooks, Thomas, 141-42, 150-51 Brown, Lester, 259, 260 
Bryson, John, 287, 292 
buildings: electricity consumption in, 278; energy-efficient, 60, 69-70, 174, 266, 281, 284, 285, 289, 337-39; green, 23, 184-85, 281-85, 286; heating of, 290; LEED rating system for, 284; national model code for, 408; net-zero, 236, 364-65; retrofitting of, 337-39; smart, 283, 292; standards for, 16 
Burke, Tom, 56, 177 
Bush, George H. W., 15, 268, 371 Bush, George W., 4, 233, 274; on American industry, 276-77; energy policies of, 21, 80, 92-93, 107, 263, 371, 379; failures of, 105, 107-108; on Patin, 94-95; response to 9/11 by, 6, 21-22, 92-93, 180, 265-66; 2006 State of the Union address of, 80 
Bush administration, 90, 107, 178, 204, 379, 382; and air conditioner efficiency standards, 273-74, 276-77; IPCC statements weakened by, 121 
Byrraju, 161-62, 164, 167 
Cairo, 81, 82, 103 
California, 138, 175, 220, 357, 392; automobile regulations in, 274-76; decoupling-plus in, 28087; efficiency standards and electricity consumption in, 278-79; gasoline prices in, 377-78; Proposition 87 defeated in, 339, 378; utilities in, 222 
cancer, 258, 348, 396 
cap-and-trade system, 251, 261-62, 377, 397,400 
capitalism, 30, 181, 259-60; American, 57, 175, 177; in China, 57-58, 351, 353; ecological logic of, 57; environment 
vs. economy in, 314-15; in India, 61; market-driven changes in, 248-49; natural resources and, 69; see also market, marketplace 
INDEX 
car batteries, 162; smart, 233-34, 239 carbon dioxide (CO,), 198, 314; capture and sequestration of, 189, 205, 213, 230, 278, 288, 406; cost of, 234, 251, 257; forests and, 306, 307; fossil fuels and, 32, 35, 117, 119, 186, 222, 377; frozen in Arctic tundra, 123; global warming and, 34-36, 112-13, 124; levels of, 36, 43-45, 117-19,124,211-14,410 
carbon dioxide emissions, 145, 222, 260, 285, 381, 401, 410; cap-and-trade programs and, 261; in cement production, 236; decrease in, 213; deforestation and, 34-35, 117, 119, 148, 213, 301; developing nations and, 54, 158, 214; electrification and, 364; in Indonesia, 299; rate of increase of, 214; reduction of, 191, 205, 209, 210, 243, 268-71, 288; since Industrial Revolution, 32-33, 34, 36, 114-15, 117, 119, 137, 211; sources of, 224; standards, 288; target for, 288; in transportation, 74,148,210,224,290-91 
carbon footprint, 204, 205, 232 carbon neutrality, 326-27 carbon offsets, 327 
carbon taxes, 251-52, 257, 261-62, 265, 324, 345, 397, 400; in Norway and Denmark, 18, 262; Sun's anticipation of, 334 
Caribbean, 69, 190n, 299 Carlson, Curt, 165, 246-47 Carter, Jimmy, 14-15, 19 Casablanca, 81, 82, 178-80 catalytic converters, 274-76 Cavanagh,Ralph, 222,285-87,289-90 cell phones, 41, 56-57, 157, 162, 163, 168, 251, 252, 358 
cellulosic ethanol, 243, 257 
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 29, 86, 93,406 
Chavez, Huge, 93, 99 
chemistry, 243, 246, 381, 382, 384 Cheney, Dick, 110, 205-206 Chennai, 233-35 
Chevron, 209-11 
China, 8, 21, 146, 178, 281, 336, 343-67, 374; air-conditioning in, 58, 349, 350-51; air pollution in, 343, 347, 348-49, 362, 364, 393; American 
425 
locomotives exported to, 267-68, 270-71; American model followed in, 56-57, 63-68, 75, 364, 366-67; auto-emission standards in, 362; automobiles in, 59, 347, 367; biodiversity in, 140-41, 344, 345; capitalist ethic in, 57-58, 351, 353; carbon tariffs on, 262; Chindia price in, 175; clean energy and technology in, 344,346,350,355-56,361,366,393, 406; climate change and, 299, 343-44, 349-50; coal power in, 113, 242, 345, 347, 354, 361, 393; Communist Party in, 343-47, 351-54, 365, 367; demand for oil in, 39, 66, 105, 344; dirty fuels argument for, 241-42, 343-44; eco
friendly rubber sourced by, 308; economic growth in, 30, 38, 42, 53, 55-57,61,63-69,141,182,212,214, 259,343-46,350-54,366-67;eleventh Five-Year Plan in, 354; in Energy
,
 Climate Era, 343, 344, 353; energy consumption in, 54-56, 60, 68, 72-73, 113, 198, 349, 364-65; energy efficiency in, 60, 212, 242, 344, 346, 349, 350, 353, 354-55, 362; energy poverty and, 344; energy subsidies in, 41; environmental movement and democracy in, 346, 347, 351-53, 357-61, 366-67; environmental regulations in, 241, 352-53, 354-55, 356, 373-75; e-recycling in, 74-75; exports from, 277, 298, 349, 381; freedom 
of speech in, 343, 347, 367; fuel economy standards in, 16, 241; GDPism in, 345-46, 352, 354, 361; Green Car Congress in, 241-42; highways in, 33; housing in, 58-59, 68, 364-65, 367; IPCC statements weakened by, 121; Kyoto Protocol not accepted by, 
49; as largest carbon emitter, 344; manufacturing in, 121, 175, 343, 347, 349; Ministry of Finance in, 359; Ministry of Science and Technology in, 349-50; National Climate Change Program in, 350; National Development and Reform Commission, 354, 359; National People's Congress environment and resources protection committee 
in, 359; natural resources and, 344, 361; outgreening by, 365, 393; 
426 
INDEX 
INDEX 
427 
 China (cont.)
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              energy mandates, 188, 256; subprime mortgage crisis in, 106; subsidies for biofuels in, 183, 197-98, 205, 245, 
257, 376; sustainable power for military of, 317-22; trend towards isolation in, 8, 10-13, 24; uncertain solar market in, 388, 390-91; unleaded gasoline in, 373; in World War II, 403-404 
United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 299, 305, 313, 399 
urbanization, 28-29, 33; in China, 54, 59-60, 64, 168; growth patterns in, 194; in India, 63-64, 167-68; in seventeenth century, 69 
urban sprawl, 33, 45-46, 147, 158 utilities, 376; clean power requirements for, 397-98; consumption encouraged by, 222, 397; decoupling-plus regulations for, 286-87; in energy-poor countries, 156; European wind-power portfolio standards for, 256; incentives for, 293-94; as optimizers of the Energy Internet 269, 293, 296; peak-power capacity and, 274; profit motives for energy efficiency for, 285-90, 397; publicly regulated, 218-24, 248, 285-90, 408; research and development by, 247; standardization by, 292-93; state renewable energy mandates for, 256 
Venezuela, 93, 95, 99, 265; Guyana Shield forest wilderness in, 145-46; as petrolist state, 96, 105, 106 
venture capitalists, 174, 211, 246, 254-55, 372, 383 
Verleger, Philip K., Jr., 38, 262-63 
Wacker, Jeff, 57, 165-66, 240, 294, 335 Wal-Mart 58, 71-72, 148, 387, 400-401 war on terrorism, 80, 105-106, 149, 180, 263 
Washington, D.C., 13, 58, 91, 219, 388, 398-400,401 
water, 132, 171, 187, 190n, 302, 381; China's supply of 350, 361; clean, 172, 174, 194, 260, 325; conservation of, 284; drinking, 132; glaciers and, 130, 160; purification of, 15455; quality of 408; 
recycling of, 196-97, 282; supplies of, 159,160,171,181,192,194,196-97 water pollution, 15, 33, 34, 43, 49, 151, 260; in China, 343, 348-49, 359; in Iraq, 68 Watson, Rob, 6, 20, 138-39, 174, 215-16, 284,364 
wave power, 32, 378, 406 weather, as news, 127-32 Weather Channel, 127, 129, 135-38 West Antarctic Ice Sheet, 44, 120, 122 West Virginia, 215, 376 
wetlands, 46, 149, 197 wheat, 197-98, 350 Wilson, Edward O., 142-43, 152,411 
wind farms, 154, 220, 222, 230, 337, 392-93 windows, smart, 236, 283 
wind power, 14, 18, 32, 54, 163, 178, 189, 190, 213, 220, 228, 229, 230, 231, 243, 250, 263, 298, 319-22, 355, 372, 378, 386; in China, 363, 393; distributed, 289, 319; electricity from, 290; incentives for utilities with, 288; in 1970s, 254; pumped storage for, 231; renewable energy mandates and, 256; Southern California Edison and, 392-93; tax incentives for, 14, 245, 378-80, 397, 399; true cost of, 325-26 wind turbines, 71, 179, 256, 262, 263, 278, 319, 321, 325, 364, 379, 405 
wireless connectivity, 155, 158, 162-63, 164-65,168 
women: disproportionate impact of energy poverty on, 157, 187; in Islam, 84-85, 86,89-90,102-103,108,178-79 Woolsey, Jim, 86, 93, 123 
World Bank, 40, 41, 42, 48, 68, 154, 155, 157,303 
World Trade Organization, 48, 349, 366 World War ll, 19-20,48,69,176,406,408; green revolution in analogy to, 403-405; surge in energy consumption after, 36, 38 World Wide Web, 30,161, 187, 225, 259, 292-93,332-33 
Wyoming, 205-206,230 
Yangtze River, 46-47, 348, 360 Yardley, Jim, 140-41 
Zilrner, Richard C., 317-19 Zimbabwe, 45, 154, 163 
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)


 ike all revolutions, though, this one changed many things at once.
	Hot, Flat, and Crowded (Why We Need A Green Revolution - And How It Can Renew America)

Wright was Obama's pastor in Chicago and became a familiar face to many Americans; in March 2008, excerpts of some of Wright's more controversial sermons were aired almost nonstop on cable news channels.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

First, the suburbs have been fought over in the twenty-first-century presidential campaigns, with neither party holding a decisive edge for what is about one-half of all the votes in the country.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

McCain's eight point mar
 gin trailed Bush's 22 point edge in 2000 and his 15 point win in 2004.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

But that was far short of the 66% to 33% edge Bush won among these suburbanites in 2004.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

The baby boom generation gave Obama the edge in the Sunshine State.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Both the Gen Y and baby boom generations swung by more than 12 points to give Obama the edge in Iowa but neither increased their share of the electorate.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Obama started with a 100,110 vote edge in Charlotte & Meck
 lenburg, up from only an 11,000 Kerry margin in 2004.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Then he flipped Wake County (the biggest vote prize in the state) with nearly a 64,000 vote margin, running up a 168,000 vote edge in the Research Triangle.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

So that 330,000 vote edge from the metro areas added to flipping the Asheville area in the mountains (Buncombe County) and Fay
etteville (home of the Fort Bragg U.S Army base in Cumberland 
 County), and the Democrats were suddenly very competitive.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Then he picked up a 99,000 vote edge in Franklin County (Columbus) and a 60,000 vote margin in Lucas County (Toledo).
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Oakland has flipped back and forth between the parties by less than 10,000 votes in recent elections, but this time Obama won by 95,610 votes, even as turnout was virtually unchanged in the county Macomb, which went narrowly for Bush in 2004, was solidly in the Democratic col
 umn by a 53% to 45% edge.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

But McCain didn't pick Romney; the economic crisis hit (the state sported the nation's highest unemployment rate in the country in September 2008 and ranked fifth in home foreclosures), and Obama's overwhelming financial edge allowed the Democrat to put the state away much earlier than anyone anticipated.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

But in 2008, what had been a 26,000 vote Democratic margin in Clark ballooned into a 122,803 vote edge for Obama.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

For example in Hillsborough, which covers Manchester and Nashua, Obama won a 7,642 vote victory, compared to Bush's 5,603 vote edge in 2004.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

But that edge was about the same as Bush's win over Gore in Maricopa in 2000.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

But in the conservative suburbs north of Atlanta, McCain failed to get the big margins that Bush did, falling from a 35 point edge in 2004 in Cobb County to 9 points in 2008, and from 33 points to 11 points in Gwinett.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

California alone provided more than one-third of Obama's national vote margin of 9 million votes, giving him an edge of almost 3.2
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

New York had given a 1 million vote margin to the Democratic presi
 dential candidate in each of the past four elections, but it upped the ante in 2008 by giving Obama more than a 2 million vote edge in the Empire State.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Much of Obama's goal for the final months of the gen
 eral election campaign was making voters who didn't like Bush and wanted change feel comfortable with him.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

He came to us late in the election season and somehow talked us into a crazy writing and publishing schedule.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

McCain initially portrayed himself as the inevitable nominee, creating a behemoth campaign organization, participating in endorse
ment buy-offs with his deep-pocketed competitor, Mitt Romney, and 
trying to enhance his image as a maverick while making nice with var
 ious conservatives, including the late Jerry Falwell and evangelist Pat Robertson.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

In fact, on that famous May night, the late Time Russert said first what every smart politico knew, 'We now know who the Democratic nominee is going to be.'
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Did McCain really want to cause intmparty turmoil this late in the campaign? (Actually, in hindsight, yes.)
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Clinton regularly was judged as the better 'closer' and would always do better among the 'late deciders' than she did overall.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

But as we learned on Election Day itself, there was no Wilder effect; late deciders split evenly and Obama's seven to nine point lead and his lead in most of the battleground states held up.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Frankly, it wasn't crystal clear that 1980 was a political realignment until as early as 1988 and maybe as late as 1994.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

But there is a case to be made that Indiana is simply late to the battleground game.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

His efforts seem to have had some success with the late deciders.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

And like the Republicans' late start in North Carolina and Indi
 ana, there was a slice of the GOP intelligentsia that was in denial about the competitiveness of Virginia.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

It turned out the Obama folks were right on both counts as the race in Montana got close enough at the very end that the Republican National Com
 mittee decided to buy TV time to hold off the late Democratic surge.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

In a 
 very short period of time, the Democrats, down the ballot at least, have shifted this state from deep red in the mid- to late-1990s to fairly blue.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

Presidential candidates (even during the primaries) never traveled to the state without accomplishing one of two things: holding a major fund-raiser and appearing on some L.A.-based daytime or late-night talk show.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

BLUE STATE WILL STILL ELECT REPUBLICANS 
 Very late in the campaign, as the McCain folks were counting on an increased push in the more rural parts of the battleground states, there was some thought he could win the state's 2nd Congressional District and snag one of the state's four electoral votes.
	How Barack Obama Won: A State-By-State Guide to the Historic 2008 Presidential Election

                                                                            
Restoring the Competitive Edge: The Fix That Helps Keep American Industry Alive 
To 
fix 
 our economy, we need to begin by fixing our healthcare system.
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

                                                                                          Greater Use of Information Technology 
President Obama has promised to 'make sure that every doctor's office and hospital in this country is using cutting edge technol
 ogy and electronic medical records so that we can cut red tape, prevent medical mistakes, and help save billions of dollars each year.'
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

More Americans will likely enroll in the new Medicare like public option, but the goal isn't to eliminate private insurance.
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

Sixty-one percent said they were willing to pay higher taxes to achieve this goal, and more than half said they were 'willing to have the Government require employers to pay most of the health insur
 ance premiums to cover their workers.'
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

The real goal, this time, is to do a better job in mobilizing that public support into action for change.
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

Yet while these interests have successfully co-opted the language of health reform, they have not embraced the real goal of healthcare reform: providing everyone with a choice of coverage.
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

In some ways, the AHIP proposal closely tracks Obama's healthcare principles, but it also undermines the goal of real healthcare reform.
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

Their goal was to limit their risk and their outlay, and to intimidate physicians.
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

Most applicants are unaware of the limitations until it's too late.
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

Ultimately, rather than creating costly new methods to address late-stage symptoms, we should instead be looking at what we can do to prevent heart disease in the first place.
	Howard Dean's Prescription for Real Healthcare Reform: How We Can Achieve Affordable Medical Care for Every American and Make Our Jobs Safer

Instead, he :walked the city, knocking on doors: the Scher Pawnshop, Goldenstein Clothiers ('A Stitch to Make a Gentleman'), the Modern Drug Store boasting that its standing penny scale was the state's largest, Sonny's Pizza Parlor ('A Taste of New York'), Wolfie's Deli with its flashing 24/7 sign, and the Deuce, a dive bar with a few dozen stools and neon lights tracing the ceiling's edge.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

The hotel was set at the edge of Biscayne Bay, and the dome was so brightly lit that ships used the glow as a night beacon.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

                                                                                                                                                     The 
newcomers 
built grandiose homes, designed mostly in Spanish Baroque, Mediterranean Revival, and Venetian Gothic style, with exotic gardens that ran to the water's 
 edge.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

'We were at the cutting edge of the way people began to think about historic preservation,' says Russ.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

The dining room was in the vault, with glass tables, clear china, brushed stainless steel walls, and neon lighting around the ceiling's edge.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

'I told them it was avant-garde and cutting edge,' she says.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Michael Mann thought the city was 'the new Casablanca, a city with an edge.'
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

The Torpedo Factory, an artists' colony in Alexandria, Virginia, persuaded the Beach commissioners to bankroll the South Florida Art Center on Lincoln Road, at the northern edge of the Art Deco District.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

It was one of ocean Drive's finest buildings, designed by Henry Hohauser, but set on the edge of blighted South Shore at Sixth Street.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

While developers like Robins could spruce up the buildings and look for the right tenants to give an edge to retail shops and restaurants, they knew the Beach's rebirth was not going to happen unless it drew an eclectic and artistic crowd of early pioneers who could move in next to the elderly residents and transform the neighborhood's tone.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Just as Prohibition-era drinking and gambling added an edge to Mi
 ami's 1920s clubs, cocaine fueled these new dance clubs.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Cutting edge had not yet been assimilated 
 into the mainstream.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

The mix of cultural underbelly and cutting edge worked.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

He almost made it to freedom, but the copter's tail rotor hit the edge of the last fence and crashed.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

She had never 
seen 
 anything like the derelict Arlington Hotel at 455 Ocean Drive, on the northern edge of South Pointe.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

He built a clientele of cutting
 edge locals and hip travelers from New York, Paris, and Barcelona.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

They saw the area as cutting edge, possibly still a little dangerous, and very different from their hometowns.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

He opened the doors and, as if in slow motion, stepped onto the edge.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Every cutting-edge editor, fashion photographer, stylist, and model was there.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

'It wasn't camp, it wasn't kitsch, and it certainly wasn't cutting edge,' says Louis Canales, who was hired as a doorman for the first night.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

The violent edge added an aura of excitement for some of my clients, that they were buying a home in a place that was just a little out of control.'
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

By the early summer of 1999, Chris Paciello wanted an extra edge to crush his nightclub rivals.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

The $120 million project-with its 189 condo units and 14 'bayhomes' at the water's edge, tennis courts, a fitness center, a restaurant, and a private 
337 
338 
 beach and yacht club-was his most ambitious project'to date.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

At Marina Blue, a fifty-eight-story tower on 
365 
366 
 the Miami edge of Biscayne Bay, 70 percent of the 517 units went through foreign brokers.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Its goal was to ' electronically track large cash transactions.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Soyka's first goal was to convert the Park Central's sixth floor to of
 fices and living space for the team.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

We had a common goal although different ideas of how to achieve it.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

I had to remind some of my former col
 leagues that the goal of preservation was not to just keep every stone in place.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

She also got Kasdin's en
 dorsement, largely because he thought Dermer was 'a classic politician who will do and say what he can to achieve his political goals.'
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Some kosher restau
 rants had been forcibly taken over for late night cockfights.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

By the late 1880s, Florida had completed America's largest shift ever of public resources into the pockets of private entrepreneurs.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

No one figured out until it was too late that laborers were taking the birds to their mainland kitchens.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

When he got out in late 1925, he opted out of high-risk rumrunning and opened a South Florida real estate office.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

His marriage to Jane ended late in 1926, just as Florida real estate values were imploding.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

But it was too late.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

By the late 
1990s, 
 more than two thirds of Miami's citizens were Hispanic, and more than half of those Cuban.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

There was a time in the late eighties when she had had so many feuds with her own volunteers at the Miami Design Preservation League that they didn't even invite her to the annual dance.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

(He returned to Colombia in late 1981 after jumping bail for having smoked grass and snorted coke in the first-class section of a commercial flight to Los An
 geles.)
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

A former Aronow employee says that by the late 1970s, half the boats sold were cash deals.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

In the late 1970s, he was the maitre d' at several popular hangouts, including Al MaInik's Cricket Club and the popular Jockey Club.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Late one Friday, during August, there was a knock on Bobby's door.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Just a little too late.'
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Miller passed the word in New York, and by late 1982, half a dozen other theater groups stayed there.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

One day at the caf€, in the late spring, I see these two guys at a table.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Self-described 'Queen of the Night' Tara Solomon, party girl, columnist, and photog
 rapher, at a club in the late 1980s.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

            Late that year, the New Jersey State Commission of Investiga
tion issued a report that described Pelullo as a 'key organized crime as
 sociate,' and cited his brother and business partner, Arthur, as having an 'unusually close rapport' with key members of Philadelphia's Bruno family, including 'Little Nicky' Scarfo, Frankie Flowers D'Alfonso, Sal Testa, and Nicky Piccolo.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

'It was a knockoff of Studio 54 seven years late,' says Mark Soyka.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

A late-night brasserie, CafE des Arts, opened in the Waldorf and hosted jazz bands on weekends.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Late in November, the RDA's chairman, Joe's Stone Crab owner Joe Sawitz, resigned.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

'I could not allow South Pointe just to fail at this late stage,' says Daoud now.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

In September, the SEC announced it was investigating the Royale Group for possible securities violations, and directed Royale to file fi
 nancial statements dating back to 1985 by the end of the month or be fined $1,000 for every late day.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

                                                               'We were just a little late for the Senator:' 
MIAMI BABYLON 
CHAPTER 20 
Club Heaven 


F
ROM 1987 TO 1989, 
an eclectic group of risk-takers arrived in South Beach and played major roles in the district's nightlife re
 surgence.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Schrager offered to reimburse the insurance company and drop the burglary claims, but it was too late.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

All the good changes in South Beach were a little too late for Gerry Sanchez.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

In late 1992, he hired two real estate brokers to 'unload' some of his 'excess' properties.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Even if true, it was too late.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

In late January 1995, word got back to Paciello that Caruso was talking freely about their Miami escapades.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Ever rebellious, she got into cocaine, partied late, and didn't show up at her own ruffled dress quince, a rite of passage for fifteen
 year-old Cuban girls.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Another night, Bernhard performed at the Kravis Center and after the show went for a late dinner with twelve friends.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Late that year they founded the Related Group of Florida, an offshoot of Ross's Related Group of New York.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

in late 2000, the Federal Reserve flooded the econ
 omy with money and lowered interest rates.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Still, activists like Del Vecchio and A. C. Wein
 stein of the SunPost were convinced that Dermer's anti-development theme was sincere, even though he got involved fairly late.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

But well before the new wave of upscale buildings and soaring property values, Amnesia, one of the city's most successful clubs, was notorious for keeping neighbors up late with mega-decibel noise and rowdiness.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

                                                                                                                                                                            When 
I 
once suggested that Miami Beach seemed more corrupt than many other American cities, he told me that after he had bought New York's famed Ansonia apartment building in the late 
1970s, 
he had paid a NYC democratic powerhouse 
$1 
 million 'as a legal fee' to arrange the removal of a bothersome ground-floor tenant, the sexual swingers club Plato's Retreat.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

He worked for a car alarm company, delivered flowers, and then scraped together money by renting out a couple of converted apartments in the back of his late mother's house.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

The eight-story Lincoln Place at 16th and Washington sold for a record $62 million in late 2006, followed by the $74 million sale of the Lincoln, a Scott Robins-Don Peebles-Michael Comras development.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

By late 2008, it was 1926 all over again.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

14 By the late 1880s.,
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

     41   
When 
hegot out 
in 
 late: Ibid.,
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

CHAPTER 16: 'A TALE OF TWO CITIES' 
 175 Late that year, the New Jersey: Michael Huber, 'The Royale Connection:'Miami Herald, April 28, 1990, IA.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

195 Late in November: 'Business Load Spurs Resignation:'Miami Herald, Neigh
 bors Miami Beach, November 28, 1982, 2.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Also, special thanks to Kent Harrison Robbins, Randy Hilliard, Neisen Kasdin, Alex Daoud, and the late A. C. Weinstein: they helped me understand the byzantine and often brutal world of Miami Beach politics.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Arianne Perez, the Operations Clerk for the Records Division of the U.S. District Court for Southern Florida, was always helpful despite my requests, which sometimes fell late on Friday after
 noon.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

And even Cubans who had arrived twenty years earlier in the great exodus after CastWs revolution were concerned that the Marielitos could tarnish the reputation they had so carefully cultivated 
That same May, in 1980, adding to the tension, Miami suffered its worst race riots after an all-white jury acquitted several white police of
 ficers in the beating death of a black Marine Corps veteran.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

He cleverly cloaked his anti-Semitism in the anti-immigration fervor that swept the coun
 try after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

It was soon the center of London's fashion revolution.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

                                                                                       32-33,106,127,232 Bolivar Hotel, 26 
Bolivia, 55, 90, 108, 141 Bolles, Richard, 33 Bolshevik Revolution of 1917,22 Bonanno crime family, 325,328 Bone Boy,, 183 
Bono,239 
Books & Books, 60,156,231-32,269, 360,380 
 Boomerang, 261 Borg, Bjorn, 221 Borman,Frank, 138-39 Boston, Mass.,
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

The final tally was Peebles's Crowne Plaza 
13; 
Jackson's Hyatt 14; and Warren's Wyndham 
 15.
	Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power--A Dispatch from the Beach

Michael takes an unvarnished look at ways in which radio and cable television hosts can organize the news for dramatic or controversial effect.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Not many individuals in their twenties would need to so clearly stake out public positions on controversial political issues.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

In 2004, we saw how controversial and destructive 527s like Swift Boat Veterans for Truth and 
MoveOn.org
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

The focus was 'Bittergate,' which stemmed from Sena
 tor Obama's controversial comments about Pennsylvania voters.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Here's the bottom line: More people have stopped me on the streets in and around Philadelphia to talk to me about my white-light crusade than the controversial things I have written and said about the non-hunt for Osama bin Laden.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Let me be clear-the last thing we need is the reintroduction of the Fairness Doctrine, which essentially required broadcasters to balance controversial subject matter with opposing views.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

That might make for controversial television.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

In 2006, Senator Rick Santorum faced an uphill battle in the race against Pennsylvania state treasurer and former auditor general Robert P. Casey Jr. The senator had a number of unfavorable circumstances working against him, including a political climate that was generally hostile to Republicans, as well as his own controversial-and ultimately, too conservative-policy positions.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

5   Alex Mooney, 'Controversial minister off Obama's campaign,' CNN com, March 15, 2008, 
www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/03/14/
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

I wanted to know everything about the underlying events of 9/11, even if that knowl
 edge threatened the reelection of a president I had supported.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Put quite simply, the support for this failed policy drove me to the edge of my long Republican career.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

There are many who think you must have an edge or no one will listen to you.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

He was a gentleman and did not acknowl
 edge my stupidity.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

To the contrary, Russert's was a forum where clear differences would emerge, but minus the edge that has otherwise become commonplace.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

That's the extent of my knowl
 edge.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Instead of enlisting Joe Lieberman's knowl
 edge of the Middle East, Tom Ridge's expertise on terrorism, or Mitt Romney's understanding of the economy, McCain had gone with the Alaskan equivalent of the mayor of the small town where I had grown up, Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

And what had been a voter registration edge for the Democrats in Pennsylvania of 485,540 in 2000 had grown to 1.2
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

It's because we are no longer a country that respects our differences, even when those differences come with rough edges that offend.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

                              And now, more than seven years after the 
MORNING DRIVE 

attacks of September 11, what should be an unassailable goal-pre
venting another terrorist attack by following the advice of the biparti
 san commission that spent months studying that terrible day-has been buried by the sort of opposition that almost prevented the work of the 9/11 Commission itself political and administrative stonewalling.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Leaving Iraq as soon as possible must be our goal.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Your goal should be to work at that level, using the higher notes to animate your delivery, but not getting stuck using them almost exclusively.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Americans should make it a personal goal to reduce our own emissions.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Lavinia was always very supportive of my pursuit of my radio goals even when they came at the expense of family (and sleep) time.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Sure, the stories are all different, but the goals are generally the same: Work hard, earn a living, and give your children a chance to make an even better life for themselves.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

If you want a happy and productive life far both you and your children, the surest way to attain those goals is to create a strong family unit, and stick with it.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Late that summer, Charlie Gerow called again.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

We worked long hours prior to the vice president's arrival, and I felt a little stir-crazy because I would go from the hotel to the U.S. Embassy and then back to the hotel late at night.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

My dad's family came from Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the late 1800s.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

I should point out that Larry was then anchoring the late news on television, and it was mid-morning, meaning that he was most likely still sleeping.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

         Chapter 7 
He'll Make You Mad 


 In the late 1990s, I was practicing law during the week and doing my own radio show on the weekends on WWDB.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

To remedy this situation, my wife and I had undertaken a massive renovation to our home, which included construction of a large home office with studio capa
 bility (at my expense) so that I could do the show from home and when I signed off the air at 7:00 p.m., still enjoy a late dinner with the family.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

What began with guest appearances, then fill-in guest hosting, then Sunday nights, then Saturday and Sunday mornings, then one hour in late-afternoon drive, then two hours in late-afternoon drive, then three hours after Rush Limbaugh, was now finally mornings.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

We now know that in late 2005, the CIA disbanded Alec Station, the FBI-CIA unit dedicated to finding bin Laden, something that was reported on July 4, 2006, by the New 
York Times 
 .4
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Obama reminded me that a late-January air
 strike killed a senior al-Qaeda commander in Pakistan; he called it an example of the type of action he'd been recommending since August.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

But it was 2,555 days late, and after $11 billion was squandered.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Maher is often funny and the show has an edgy quality that is appropriate for late on a Friday night.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

I flew all the way out here to offer some views and have a couple of laughs, but instead, I was getting the shit kicked out of me on late
 night TV.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

MORNING DRIVE 

 Maybe it was too late for this circumspection.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

7
 
 Coleman says, 'So when these researchers did climate change studies in the late 90's [sic] they were eager to produce findings that would be important and be widely noticed and trigger more research funding.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

The only trouble is that he ran late for my interview and when he finally came on the line, one of his handlers held the delay against my interview.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Well, I mention this because the Obama campaign ran late, and the interview kept being postponed.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

When Denise Brown was offered to me as an in-studio guest to discuss a foundation named after her late sister, Nicole Brown Simp
 son, I was happy to oblige.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Mutnbai Attacks, November 2008: At least 173 people were killed and hundreds were injured in coordinated machine gun and grenade attacks in the Indian commercial and financial capital of Mumbai in late November of 2008.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

And when CIA officials felt it necessary to accelerate the pace of Zubaydah's interrogation in late 2002, interrogators began torturing him.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

There was just one problem, as he let me know: 'That wasn't [my] line, it was Roy's,' he corrected me, referring to the late great Roy Scheider.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

No doubt he emerged from 2000 and his candidacy's near col
 lapse in late 2007 with a grave understanding of the venom of the far right, and his general election candidacy reflected that.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

                                                                                                        Here is how I get there: 
A U.S. Census survey released in late 2006 shows that married couples with children now occupy fewer than one in every four house
 holds-the lowest ever recorded, and a figure that has declined by half since 1960.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Reportedly, his luggage was late arriving from the airport and he was hampered in his ability to dress.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

Clearly, in 1986, in the midst of the Reagan revolution, I was drinking the Kool
 Aid.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

If you haven't seen this list, or one like it, you should: 
 Takeover of the U.S. Embassy in Iran, November 4, 1979: A group of militant Iranian students ambushed the U.S. Embassy to show their support for the Iranian revolution.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

So what did the tally of votes on the fifteen points of my manifesto reveal? For starters, that people who responded agreed, on average, 
INTRODUCTION 

 with about ten out of my fifteen positions.
	Morning Drive: Things I Wish I Knew Before I Started Talking

The Christian Right is controversial for several reasons.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Finally, the Christian Right is controversial because of the heated rhetoric that its leaders and especially its most ardent activists sometimes produce.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

This disjuncture between the soothing reassurances of Reed and the overheated fears of the Left has made the Christian Right one of the most controversial actors in American politics.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

This emphasis on the social gospel was controversial, for religious con
 servatives resisted both the policy implications of these teachings and the shift of focus away from saving souls.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

His most controversial stand was his call for a 'Year of jubilee,' a year in which debt would be forgiven.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

The Christian Coalition threatened to pass out 100,000 reproductions of controversial art by Robert Map
plethorpe and Andres Serrano in districts where members voted for fund
 ing.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Without the restraining hand of Reed, Robertson quickly was embroiled in a series of controversial public statements that disillusioned key activists.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

In several school districts across the country, evolution is now presented as a controversial theory.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

   -People for the American Way, 
The Two 
Faces 
of the Christian Coalition 
TH E CHRISTIAN RIGHT 15 A DEEPLY 
 controversial element of American politics.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Perhaps most controversial is the reconstructionists' call for capital pun
 ishment to be meted out according to Mosaic law-to those who murder, commit adultery, engage in homosexual behavior, act incorrigibly as teenagers, blaspheme, or commit acts of apostasy.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Most of those who participated in these groups were initially unable to imagine why issues such as prayer in schools were controversial.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Similarly, instead of seeking to ban the teaching of evolution, some Christian Right activists have sought to teach that evolution is simply a controversial theory and that intelligent design is a competing theory.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Yet Robb had voted for the controversial Helms amendment to cut the budget of the National Endowment for the Arts and to restrict federal funding of of
 fensive art.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Falwell claimed he quit because he had accom
 plished his goal, but the key issue agenda of the Moral Majority remained unrealized.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

The goal was to have activists in place in every precinct in America by the millennium and to influence and perhaps control the Republican candidate
 selection process.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

By the end of the decade, it was clear that this goal would not be achieved, and some observers were again proclaiming the end of the movement.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

'My goal is not to see the Republican Party prosper,' he asserted, and if the party abandoned its opposition to abortion and gay rights, he has said that he would 'do everything I can to take as many people with me as possible:' But in 2005, Dobson was the first Christian Right leader to announce his support for President Bush's Supreme Court nomination of Harriet Miers.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Although the Christian Coalition lacks the resources to achieve this goal, other move
 ment organizations and activists continue to seek greater influence in state Republican Party committees.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Finally, for most of the 1980s, it ap
 peared unlikely that the Republicans could ever capture control of Congress, so the presidency was the only realistic national electoral goal.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

23
  None of the gay and lesbian rights activists whom we have interviewed have ever listed this as a goal of their movement.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Each of these more successful movements had as its primary goal the amelioration of real social and economic discrimination against its move
 ment constituency.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

                                                                                                                                           
John Green, a political scientist, observed, 'There are many modes of mobilization, many pools of resources, many sources of complaint, dif
 ferential goals and beliefs, and a wide variety of activities, all occurring more or less simultaneously and more or less spontaneously.'
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

-Gary Bauer speaking to more than 100,000 Christian Right activists at the Mayday for Marriage Rally in Washington, D.C., October 10, 2004 
ALTHOUGH THE CHRISTIAN RIGHT 
 movements of the1920s, 1950s, and 1980s all sought to influence public policy, the contemporary Christian Right is a far more sophisticated movement that pursues a variety of strategies to achieve a variety of goals.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

                                                                                                                                     Goals of the organi
zation include opening a lobbying office in Washington, D.C., launching a 'strategy institute' to study the tactics of their political opponents, and re
 cruiting one million grassroots activists.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

One religious organization that shares some but not all of the Christian Right's policy goals is the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE), a group which represents 
79 
denominations and more than 
30 
million evan
 gelicals.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

These fundamental differences carry over into legislative strategies, even when groups share similar goals.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

The 'bully pulpit' is an important resource in efforts to persuade the public of particular goals.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

He argued that the Republican presidents provided 'very little real progress in terms of advancing our pub
 lic policy goals or getting our kind of people appointed to positions of real influence' (Farris, 1992, p. 43).
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

During the 1980s, Christian Right lobbying was generally unsophisti
 cated and frequently alienated even supporters of the movement's policy goals.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

I 
 It is not surprising, then, that many Christian Right activists believe that the way to deal with opponents of their policy goals is to defeat them, not to compromise with them.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

One document distributed by Christian Right groups on the internet warns that 'one of the primary goals of the homo
sexual rights movement is to abolish all age of consent laws and to eventu
 ally recognize pedophiles as the `prophets' of a new sexual order.'
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Many Christian Right activists see themselves battling for the soul of America, but they may be less willing to engage in combat for goals that they perceive as involving too much compromise.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Uneasy relations between parties and social movements are common; a mutually satisfactory relationship must be negotiated, for they have differ
 ent goals and resources.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Social movements would like to use the party machinery to elect their candidates and use the party platform to advance their policy goals.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

They suggest that conservative Christians should not withdraw entirely from politics but that they should focus on their primary goals of winning souls for Christ and of changing the culture through persuasion.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Jelen's account seems to fit nicely the rise and fall of the fundamentalist movements of the 1920s, 1950s, and 1980s, but if the movement collapses again it will not be from religious particularism but from the failure of the electoral strategy to lead to the movement's 
policy 
 goals.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Contract with the American Family   Political document by the Christian Coalition that includes ten policy goals.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Many enjoy interacting with others who share their views, and others feel motivated to help pursue their policy goals because of a sense of obligation or because they derive great pleasure from their occasional political victories.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

'Coalitions's Woes May Hinder Goals of Christian Right:' New York Times, August 2, www.nytimes.com.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Yet I also came of age politically in the late 1960s and was shaped by the civil rights, antiwar, feminist, and environmental movements.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

In late 1988, with a moderate Republican in the White House, Robertson back on television, and the Moral Majority essen
 tially bankrupt, the media wrote the movement's obituary.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

                                          In fact, pub
lic
 
support for the Christian Right and its issue agenda h
as 
probably not changed a gr
e
at deal since the formation of the Moral Majo
r
it
y
 
in the late 1970s
 .
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

One author argues that James Dobson has the 'ability to manipu
 late unsuspecting Americans:' She quotes Dobson saying that those who control the education of the country's youth will control the future.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Although the literal interpretation of Genesis was once widely accepted among American elites, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, scientific theories that contradicted this reading gained prominence.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

One of the best-selling books of the 1970s was Hal Lindsey's 
The Late Great Planet Earth, 
which mixed pre
 millennialism with far-right, often paranoid, politics.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

The late 1960s and early 1970s also brought rapid growth of the charis
 matic movement in mainline Protestant and Catholic churches.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

The Fundamentalist Right of the 1980s 
 In the late 1970s, after a period of relative quiescence, a new fundamentalist Christian Right organized.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

In late 1998 and again in early 1999, Robertson proclaimed that a ban on abortions was not achievable and that the Coalition should work to limit abortions through additional re
 strictions and bans on certain late-term procedures.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

In late 2005, Focus on the Family Action ran newspaper ads across Michigan condemning Senator Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) for voting against the confirmation of John Roberts as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

By late 2005, the national organization was deeply in debt, and creditors from a number of states were pressing claims.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

In the late 1980s it was not unusual to see Ralph Reed traveling the halls of Congress with James Dobson, working together on an issue, even as the men disagreed on general strategy and tactics.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

                                                                                                                                               The 
Nomination 
Process 
Ever since the Christian Right re-entered the political scene in the late 1970s, the groups have worked to help candidates win their party's nomina
 tion.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Clinton's veto of a bill banning late-term abortions helped mobilize the Christian Right against him, and its activity was generally more focused on defeating Clin
 ton than on electing Dole.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Many Christian conservatives have protested Bush's lack of support for their agenda in his second term, but support for Bush among the Christian Right's rank and file remains high in late 2005.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

By late 2005, many Christian Right leaders were disappointed in the progress of their agenda in the Republican-dominated Congress.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

She withdrew in late October 2005.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

However, most activists would not be content with banning only one late
 term abortion procedure, because it would prevent few abortions overall.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

They support the ban on late-term abortions but think that this is only a tiny victory and prefer that the movement work publicly to ban all abortions.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

For two issues, school prayer and pornography, attitudes in the late 1970s (when the Christian Right formed) and in 2004 are essentially unchanged.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

The organi
 zation continued into the late 1990s.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Christian Voice   Christian Right organization founded in the late 1970s by Robert Grant with the help of Pat Robertson.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

The Christian Anti-Communism Crusade was still mailing literature as late as 1990.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

                                                                                                                       See 
Internal Revenue Service Islamic Fundamentalism, 14 Italy, 19 
Jackson, Jesse, 14, 172 James, Kay Colas, 118 Japan, 19 
Jefferson, Thomas, 17 Jelen, Ted, 147, 156, 185 Jenkins,Jerry, 31 
Jews, 6, 7, 155 
John Birch Society, 59, 126 Johnson, Ramey, 90-91 Jokes, demeaning, 183 Jones, Paula, 118 
Journalists, and Christian Right, depiction of, 4-5 Judeo-Christian heritage, 8, 13, 76 
Judicial activism, 115-116 Justice Sunday (simulcast), 3, 4, 71 
Kanawha County, West Virginia, 40 
Kansas, 104 Kellstedt,Lyman,53 Kennedy, Rev. D. James, 76, 117 
Kennedy, Ted, 139 Kenslow,Ben, 43 Kerry, John, 9, 23, 111,135 Keyes,Alan, 64,96,97 King, 
Martin 
Luther, Jr, 63 Kingdom theologians, 155 Koop, C. Everett, 108 Korean churches, 7 
Labor movement, 182 LaHaye, Beverly, 7, 73, 74 LaHaye, Timothy, 31, 74,155 
Index 
Language ecumenical, 105 of liberalism, 155-156 religious, 20, 48, 97, 110 'rights,' of liberalism, 48-49 smular,48-49,105 
of victimization, 49 
The Late Great 
Planet Earth 
 (Lindsey),40 Latinos, foreign-born, 61 Lawrence v.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

Westview Press books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by cor
2
Revivals and Revolution: The Christian
 porations, institutions, and other organizations.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

                                                                        2 

Revivals and Revolution: The Christian Right in Twentieth-Century America 

 If evolution wins, Christianity goes-not suddenly, of course, but gradually, for the two cannot stand together.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

'From Revolution to Evolution: The Changing Nature of the Christian Right.'
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

The Latest 
 American Revolution? New York: St. Martin's.
	Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States

The governor got around that problem with a mas
 sive and controversial borrowing plan that would pile money into the state's five employee pension plans, whose underfunding was responsible for a large portion of the deficit.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

Within four days of the FDA's announcement of the shortage, the governor's people were using their contacts (built up in another controversial program to allow seniors to import drugs from Canada) to find a drug company abroad that could manufacture the flu vaccine for use in the United States.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

               This measure set a goal of devel
oping a plan for universal coverage by July r, 
 2007.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

It was not the image Blagojevich wanted as he touted his goals for a reform administration.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

In the late sixties, when the Beatles were a sensation and Bob Dylan and Mick Jagger were becoming icons, 
 .
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

The arrangement didn't always 
 work out: she often nagged her son about showing up late for appointments-a lifelong problem.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

He was a serious runner and spent many early-morning and late-evening hours train
 ing to run a successful marathon in under three hours.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

Born in Jordan, Ata, like Rezko, had left the Middle East in his late teens to study engineering in America.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

In late 2002, Cari made a pitch to TRS.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

Kiferbaum and Can both entered guilty pleas and began cooperating with the government late in 
 2005.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

A particularly distasteful incident occurred in 
2004 
 when the governor arrived late for the funeral of a popular state senator, Vince Demuzio, who had died at age sixty-two after a long and difficult battle with lung cancer.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

Late in the campaign the GOP's main candidate went down in flames after a sex scandal, and Illinois Republicans had to import Alan Keyes from Maryland to run against Obama.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

That warning appeared to be too late.
	Pay to Play: How Rod Blagojevich Turned Political Corruption Into a National Sideshow

Feeney became 
72 
 controversial.
	Practicing Catholic

 The record of Pius XII's failure actively to oppose the Holocaust 
THE COUNCIL   
99 
became a controversial issue when Roncalli was pope, with the sensa
tional play 
The Deputy 
 by Rolf Hochhuth.
	Practicing Catholic

And reflecting on Hannah Arendt's controversial account of the trial, Merton wrote in 
Conjec
tures 
that the Holocaust requires 'a sordid examination of the con
 science of the entire West:' He began that examination with his own life, and he certainly extended it to the Church.
	Practicing Catholic

Even abstracting from the potentially controversial character of the birth control question, and the ominous signal that it was somehow beyond debate, this intervention was a rank violation of the principle of collegiality-the bishops sharing in authority with the pope-that had guided the council from the start.
	Practicing Catholic

Yet my understanding of Catholic faith, violating as it does the neoconserva
 tive dogma that holds sway in the Church, became controversial.
	Practicing Catholic

In our time, this age-old pattern has been compressed and sped up, with an edge that cuts deeper than ever before.
	Practicing Catholic

Judging by the fact that, when I was on my knees at Church that morning, my chin did not come up as high as the edge of the pew in front of me, I could have been no more than five or six years old when the thing happened.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                              In 
1841, 
they es
tablished a utopian commune on two hundred acres of farmland on the edge of Boston, with members committed to share equally in la
 bor and income.
	Practicing Catholic

Cushing was from the gritty edge of South Boston, a street of three-decker tenements that bordered a tank farm that was being con
 structed between the neighborhood and the waterfront.
	Practicing Catholic

   The oversimplifications of the Vatican's panicked-not so much ir
rational as antirational-reaction to the challenge put by new knowl
 edge, a reaction reflected in a whole host of late-nineteenth-century pronouncements, were not worthy of religion's deep and complex past, or its future.
	Practicing Catholic

Postwar America was poised on the edge of an unprecedented boom, and Catholics could enjoy it.
	Practicing Catholic

10 
 My novice-mates and I were in the wave that followed Merton into that sea of independence, although we could not know we were on e swelling edge of it.
	Practicing Catholic

Few of the council fathers were as fluent in the language as they felt obliged to be, with the Italians hav
 ing an edge over the others because they could slide between a faux Latin and their native tongue.
	Practicing Catholic

Over the next three days, while the world teetered on the edge of the nuclear abyss, the progressive bishops found their voice.
	Practicing Catholic

The second Kennedy assassination, coming so soon after King's, sparked a particularly American fear, the dread that our nation had tumbled over the edge of a political and moral abyss.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                                                                      Eventually that photograph would be recog
nized as the icon of a new consciousness: the world without borders, the razor-thin atmosphere at risk, the magnificent insignificance of an object on the edge of a huge constellation, a vast galaxy, an infi
 nite universe.
	Practicing Catholic

When antiwar pro
 tests or teach-ins were held, I went, content to hover noncommittally at the edge of the crowd.
	Practicing Catholic

But the archbishop's residence on the far edge of the city was a world away from BU.
	Practicing Catholic

On the contrary, I insist that the two humanisms are one: critical religion takes sciences for granted as the source of its knowledge of the world, knowl
 edge that is the basis for all values, from patriotism to personal dignity.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                      Despite his rough edges, Cushing was tapped for the North Ameri
can College in Rome, which had recently become the Church's answer to Americanism, a place for schooling the most promising U.S. semi
narians in the Vatican-centered doctrines of antimodernism and pa
 pal supremacy.
	Practicing Catholic

Affective responses-docility, repentance, edification, remorse-were the goal.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                                             In 
1968, 
the American people had 
''   effectively voted against the Vietnam War, forcing Lyndon Johnson to renounce the goal of victory, as well as his own career, and then forc
 ing the war-party Democrats out of office.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                                  0
 Ironically, fundamentalism is antimodernism that is grounded in modernist simplifications, holding to, for example, the goal of re
 storing a premodern idyllic state that never actually existed.
	Practicing Catholic

In the homily he preached at the funeral Mass of John Paul II-remarks that probably sealed Ratzinger's election as pope-he said, 'We are moving toward a dictatorship of relativism which does not recognize anything as for certain and which has as its highest goal one's own ego and one's own desires.
	Practicing Catholic

There is an elusive aspect even to something re
 garded as universal truth, and education begins and ends with respect for that elusiveness, which means a teacher's goal is not the student's mind conforming, but its engaging.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                                  Interfaith dia
logue is often discussed as if the goal were mere civility, people from different religious traditions getting together over tea, taking up ques
 tions of no particular threat or import.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                          and terror, 285 
and violence (Europe walking away from), 176 
See also American Catholics; Catholic Church; Christianity; Islam; Protestant Christians; other religions 
Religious identity, 55,58 
Catholic, 8, 
10, 
45,122, 258, 287 of Coffin, 198-99 
Religious liberty (freedom) and Murray, 85,121 
and Vatican II 
(DignitatisHumanae), 
120-21,168,174,240 Renaissance, 81-82 
Renaissance popes, 317 Repentance 
and Catholic community, 290 as goal of preaching, 133 
and Jesus' Baptism, 297 
and Mary Magdalen,145,146,149,153, 16o 
'Replacement theology;' 99,128, 236, 283 Resurrection, 29 
Resurrection, the, 12,32,33,302 
in Eastern Orthodox tradition, 31 and Mary Magdalen,150 Revelation 
Christian as superseding Jewish, 236 Church tradition as, 45 
vs. faith experience, 83 
and God detached from history, 57 andlanguage, 128 
literature as mode of, 177 and new religiousness, 18o 
and science-religion relation, 248 as story, 297 
tradition as, 72 Revolution 
from Bible reading, 161 Church threatened by, 138 European attitudes toward, 49 and 1960s youth, 206 
 Ricoem, Paul, 303, 313 Ripley, George, 181 Robespierre, Maximilien, 49 Rock, John, 173-74,175 Rockwell, George Lincoln, ug Roe v.
	Practicing Catholic

The balancing of such contradictions-wasn't balance the skill that defined the lad who had to carry the bundle of wood up the moun
 tain of sacrifice? In that Isaac story, too, I saw Jesus, how he trailed his Father through desolation, noticing too late that his Father's arms were empty.
	Practicing Catholic

Catholics of a certain age remember the Church as a self-described 'perfect society,' a designation officially dating to Pope Leo XIII late in the nineteenth century.'
	Practicing Catholic

The extremes of the revolutionary era's violence-before he was himself guillotined in 
1794, 
 the Jacobin leader Maximilien Robespierre had sent tens of thousands to that death machine-would be recognized too late as a warning of the reign of terror to come.
	Practicing Catholic

Especially following the land grant legislation of the late nineteenth century, institutions of public and private higher educa
 tion had mushroomed, and suddenly there was a sizable population of university students across the country.
	Practicing Catholic

In the late 
1940s 
and early 
195os 
 a Boston Jesuit, head of a religious institute near Harvard University, became notorious for an aggressive program of street-corner preaching.
	Practicing Catholic

Late in the war, he was transferred to Paris, arriving after the lib
 eration.
	Practicing Catholic

In late winter 1965, while the council was still in session, I was part of a round-the-clock interfaith vigil in Washington, standing with Prot
 estant and Jewish seminarians across from the Lincoln Memorial in support of the Voting Rights Bill.
	Practicing Catholic

We are, alas, very late.''
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                    For a century, archeologists (with assists from shepherds and no
mads) had been turning up ancient manuscripts and papyrus scrolls in clay jars in caves and excavations from Egypt to Israel to Iraq to Turkey: 'The Teaching' (in Greek, 
Didache) 
was the rule of a first
century Christian community, discovered in 
1873 
in a monastery in Istanbul; independent second- and third-century texts, such as the Gospel of Peter, the Gospel of Mary, and the Gospel of Thomas, were found in Egypt in the late 
18oos; 
the Nag Hammadi codices, fourth
century Gnostic texts, were discovered in Egypt in 
1945; 
and the Dead Sea Scrolls, elaborate records of a Jewish sect dating to the time of Jesus, were uncovered at Qumran beginning in 
 1947.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                             Per
haps, for example, the emphasis on Mary's lamenting character re
 flected the preoccupation, early and late, of female members of the Jesus movement.'
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                         Such a woman lives on as Mary Magdalen in the religious imagina
tion of Western Christianity (and the secular imagination of Western civilization), down, say, to the late-twentieth-century rock opera 
Jesus Christ Superstar, 
 in which Mary Magdalen sings, 'I don't know how to love him ...
	Practicing Catholic

In the mid- to late fourth century, just before the defining Council of Carthage, as we saw, the powerful bishop of Alexandria, Athana
sius, affirmed the twenty-seven selected books and ordered the burn
 ing of all the others.
	Practicing Catholic

The texts that were found in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries in caves and buried jars from Turkey to Egypt, whether by shepherds, nomads, or archeologists, were presumably preserved and hidden by members of pressured Christian communi
 ties who regarded the suppression of, and threat to, their sacred books with horror.
	Practicing Catholic

It should be no surprise, given how successfully the excluding dominance of males established itself in the Church of the 'fathers,' that the Gospel of Mary was one of the texts shunted aside in the late second century.
	Practicing Catholic

                         But then, late in 
1964, 
like a dark line appearing on the blue hori
 zon, a message came from the pope's palace to the bishops gathered in St. Peter's.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            12 
After Coffin's death, as if he were the hero whose abrupt departure left the townspeople wondering who that amazing man was, I realized that he had told me again and again who he was, beginning with that day in the late 196os when he came to my seminary, citing Martin Lu
 ther.
	Practicing Catholic

When word came one day, late that fall of 
1968, 
 of a job opening at the Catholic Student Center at Boston University, I applied for it at once.
	Practicing Catholic

More recently, I had associated him with all that was good about the Vatican Council, beginning with his prophetic call to trans
 late the proceedings from Latin.
	Practicing Catholic

As they settled into the plush chairs of the rectory's common room after dinner each night, highball glasses in hand, staring with glazed eyes at the televi
 sion, from early evening quiz shows to late night Johnny Carson, I would return to Newman House, in flight.
	Practicing Catholic

In the late sixties and early seventies there were hundreds of them.
	Practicing Catholic

Shanley, ordained to the priesthood in 
I96o, 
 had taken the Vatican Council revolution to heart, and by the late sixties, having angled for an assignment to a relatively unfettered campus ministry, he reinvented himself as one of the new breed of Catholic priests.
	Practicing Catholic

John Paul II was a prophet of the late-twentieth-century epiphany that the nonviolent 
alternative to war is no longer a moralist's dream but a practical op
 tion, humanity's only realistic hope.
	Practicing Catholic

In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, regimes that have overtly fundamentalist rationales have come to power in nations such as Iran, Sudan, and India.
	Practicing Catholic

Much is made of Ratzinger's desertion from his Wehrmacht unit, although that took place after the German fighting machine had collapsed, just before or after Hitler's suicide in late April 
 1945.
	Practicing Catholic

                                          Late in 
2oo6, 
Benedict traveled to Istanbul to meet with Ecumeni

RELIGION AND TERROR 
271 
 cal Patriarch Bartholomew I, the titular head of Eastern Orthodoxy.
	Practicing Catholic

Take something as basic to Judaism, Christi
 anity, and Islam as the tradition of exctusivist supersessionism-the idea, in mythic terms, that, as the Jewish scholar Jon D. Levenson puts it, 'a late-born son dislodges his first-born brothers.
	Practicing Catholic

The fur
 ther irony is that Ratzinger's late-twentieth-century vendetta against him, which had culminated in his loss of the license to teach Roman Catholic theology at Tubingen, was the very thing that prepared Kung for a new role.
	Practicing Catholic

Late in life, writers like Eugene O'Neill and F. Scott Fitzgerald were haunted by their status as bad Catholics.
	Practicing Catholic

I heard the late theologian Paul Van Buren offer this tongue-in-cheek defini
 tion of mysticism at a conference in Jerusalem in 1998.
	Practicing Catholic

                             Jefferson, Thomas, 87,121, 272 Jerome, St., 130, 130,205 Jesuit(s), 35, 40, 62 
Campion as, 41 Dbllinger as, 58 Avery Dulles as, 70 vs. English monarchy, 41 Feeney as, 69,73 Murray as, 84 
Jesus Christ, 11-13,130, Z99-300,309-10 as 'Christ Crucified,' 29-33 
and Coffin, 2o1-2 and creation, 13 and death, 298, 299,301-2 as Jewish, 119, 261 
Jews in crucifixion Of, 140 
and late-twentieth-century angst, 105 and loving God, 297 
missionizing final command of, 277, 279-80 
 and papal infallibility, 52 patriarchy rejected by, 157 and salvation (Aquinas), 33511.15
	Practicing Catholic

We saw earlier how this violates a historical appreciation of Jesus' own egalitarian position, but in its rank literalism, this ap
peal to Scripture as justification for an all-male priesthood also vio
 lates the Church's normal way of reading the texts.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                                                                           NO SALVATION OUTSIDE THE CHURCH 
One did not have to attend St. Thomas More parochial school to learn what, for Catholics, was the most important fact about the American Revolution-that the single resoundingly English principle the colo
 nies had not broken with was contempt for Rome.
	Practicing Catholic

                                As the papacy had struggled to survive the various onslaughts that followed the French Revolution-the 
1791 
confiscation by the nascent French Republic of papal territories in France, including Avignon; the taking of Rome by French troops in 
1798; 
 the kidnapping to France of Pope Pius VI the same year-it understandably defined itself against the letter and spirit of the new age.
	Practicing Catholic

Those Catholics who saw in liberty, equality, and fraternity core values of a Gospel faith became suspect 
48 
PRACTICING CATHOLIC 
 to the revolution as well as to the rulers of the Church.
	Practicing Catholic

In the United States, revolution had been ro
 manticized, in part because the violence of the American Revolution had been relatively restrained and mainly limited to warring armies.
	Practicing Catholic

(That would change when the Revolution's unpaid bill, slavery, came due eighty years later, with the Civil War.')
	Practicing Catholic

                                             But in Europe the bru
talities of revolution were manifold and manifest, from the guillo
tine madness Of 
1789 
 through periodic outbursts of mass murder that came every two or three decades for a century and a half, culminating in the October Revolution in Russia.
	Practicing Catholic

And so American relativism, having upended the meaning of place, in a landscape that itself altered the relationship between self and community, reversed the meaning of time, a second revolution.
	Practicing Catholic

Georgetown, where I was a student, was begun in 
1789, 
 the year of the French Revolution.
	Practicing Catholic

Without knowing it, Cushing was repeating the essential revolution that began when a Polish cleric named Nicolaus Copernicus, reversing Ptolemy, theorized that the earth revolved around the sun, and when Galileo Galilei later proved the theory with his telescope.
	Practicing Catholic

But what if the revolution in human thinking that was initiated by the age of sci
ence involves a simultaneous and intrinsic revolution in ethical rea
 soning? What if the scientific method is a moral method? In that case, certitudes in the realm of religion would be overthrown every bit as much as those in the realm of science.
	Practicing Catholic

What made the change unpredicted and unpredictable was that, unlike all others, this was a revolution from above.
	Practicing Catholic

But that presumed a revolution in the way the texts of Scripture and the Tradi
 tion were regarded.
	Practicing Catholic

Earlier, we saw a revolution catalyzed when Archbishop Cushing went from an experience (his loving regard for his Jewish brother-in
 law) to a doctrinal change (Dick Pearlstein's eligibility for salvation despite not being Catholic).
	Practicing Catholic

How so? A revolution in thought occurs when the question moves from 'What is the meaning of the text?' to 'What are its meanings?' What did it mean to those who actually put words to paper (or papyrus or vellum)? What did it mean to those who later decided that this text, and not that one, was to be included in the 'book,' the word that, in Greek, is 'bible.'
	Practicing Catholic

The philosophical challenge (Descartes, Kant, Nietzsche) to classical metaphysics (Aris
 totle, Thomas Aquinas) had its equivalent in the scientific revolution that, having begun with Copernicus and Galileo, rolled on to Newton and Darwin, each of whom proved in his sphere that 'it moves.'
	Practicing Catholic

It can be the ground of true revolution.
	Practicing Catholic

                                     The vibrant civil rights move
ment was a ready-made model, and three years later the National Or
 ganization for Women was established, a self-conscious emulation of the advocacy groups that were already leading the racial revolution.
	Practicing Catholic

The Council, Reform and Reunion 
 had been the title of the Hans Kung book that started the revolution we Catholics had been living through.
	Practicing Catholic

The year just past-the 'Strawberry Statement' at Columbia, the takeover of a dean's office at Harvard, riots on Paris's Left Bank, and the defi
 ance of Soviet tanks in Prague-had been an initiation into a new era of youthful revolution, an outrageous overturning of attitudes about everything from sex to politics.
	Practicing Catholic

In emphasizing love as a primary ethical principle, I was taken to be sponsoring the amorality of the sexual revolution.
	Practicing Catholic

Both Galileo and Darwin point to the same revolution-generating fact-that motion, not unchanging stability, is the ground of being.
	Practicing Catholic

But by the early twenty-first century, the question had to be confronted: Was that theological revolution's most lasting conse
 quence the conservative reaction that was then mounted against it?
	Practicing Catholic

Similarly, if more broadly, the momentous interfaith encounter between Jews and Cath
 olics after World War II led eventually to the Catholic renunciation at Vatican II of the 'Christ killer' charge and the replacement theology of supersessionism-two pillars of a true theological revolution.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                I I 
How could Tate not have found a Catholic seminarian intriguing? The Vatican 11 revolution, having al
lowed nuns to leave convents for secular classrooms, had already up
 ended his life.
	Practicing Catholic

The Protestant revolution was ad

PRACTICING CATHOLIC 
 7.
	Practicing Catholic

Richard A. Horsley and Neil Asher Silberman, The Message and the Kingdom: How Jesus and Paul Ignited a Revolution and Transformed the Ancient World (New York: Grossett/Putnam,1997), 99.
	Practicing Catholic

There is an equivalent revolution in the way humans obtain their news, with newspapers and broadcast networks being challenged by a plethora of new media, which are often grassroots-driven, radically democratic, change
 minded-and sorely in need of editing.
	Practicing Catholic

One of the more astonishing changes of the Vatican II revolution was the sud
 den liberation of nuns.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                                                                         and Church reform, log 
Church's condemnation Of, 121,137 and Cushing,82 
as heresy, 44, 55-56, 58, 63, 70, 85 and North American College, 67 and relativism, 56-57 
and Vatican II, 94 American Protestants, 5 vs. Catholicism, 44 enforced orthodoxy in, 57 and Paulists, log 
and revivalism, 53 American Revolution and American view of revolutions, 49 in papal view, 48 
Animal sacrifice, 17 Anselm, St., 32,314 Antiabortion radicals, 252 Anti-Catholicism, 42-44,50,53 
assumption of, 38-39 Anticommunism, of Church, w6 Antigities 
of the Jews 
(Josephus), 301-2 Antisemitism, 71 
Benedict on Nazi practice 
of, 
273 and biblical studies, 139-44 dismantling 
of, 
236 
Jewish scholars to John XXIII on, 99 Anti-Vietnam War movement, 123 Coin in, 197-202 
God found in, 183 
Aquinas, Thomas, St., 45-46,50,79 and Aristotle, 272 
on beginning of life, 266 
vs. Enlightenment ideas, 136 and just-war theory, 213 
and metaphorical reading, 133,135 and 'papal populism,' 51 
and views of human nature, 188 Arendt, Hannah, 124,176 
Arians, 83,156 
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 264 Aristotle 
and Aquinas, 45-46, 272 on catastrophe, 285 dramatic unities Of,152,153 on the good, 278 philosophical challenge to, 136 and views of human nature, 188 Assimilation, Hecker as champion of, 61 
Assisi, interreligious gathering at, 264, 282-83 
 Astronomy, and cathedral layouts, 133 Athanasius,156,341n.5
	Practicing Catholic

                                European Catholicism, 3 
and evolution of doctrine, 12 
as fallen and sinful, 15-16, 36,322 and forgiveness, 12 
 against French Revolution and modernism, 47-50,136-37, 337n.36
	Practicing Catholic

                          and Bible, 137-39 acceptance Of, 139 and God, 306 
and process vs. static ontology, 279 Exegesis 
and Mary Magdalen,144-54 and translation of Bible, 132 Vatican on, 142,16o 
Experience of individual human Augustine on, 15 
and Copernican revolution in thought, 78-79 
and Cushing's insight, 77-78 as open to God's presence, 83 as testable, 134 
See 
also Individualism Expression, 293, 299 
and Catholic identity, 287 God as beyond, 305 lyrical, 304 
 Extra Ecdesiam nulla salus.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                                     See Women 
Feminine 
Mystique, The (Friedan),172 Feminism 
in the Church, 195 first stage of, 165 second stage Of,172;173 Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 177,178 
Fish 
on Fridays (Feeney), 70 Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 44, z88 Forbidden books, in seminary, Io2 Forest, James, 123 
Form criticism, 137,139,142 France, Paris Commune in, 50 French Revolution, 47-48,49 Freud, Sigmund,6,7,6g,103,170 Friedan, Betty, 172,173,195 
 From the Housetops (St.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                         See also 
John XXIII (pope) 
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 38 Rowling, J. K., 264 Rubinstein, Arthur, 198 
Russia, October Revolution in, 49 
Sacramental life, to Sacraments, 12-13, 316 
Cardinal Law's twisting of, 234 reformers'reduction 
of, 
131 Sacred Heart Parish, 181,185 
St. Ann's Parish, Boston, 220,221 St. Benedict Center, 70, 73, 89 
St. Mary Major, Basilica 
of, 
235-36 St. Peter's Basilica, 2,110 
St. Thomas More School, 
11, 
40, 43, 69 Salinger, Pierre, 65 
Salvation 
and cataclysmic threat, 71 
as Catholic preoccupation, 86 as communal event, 46, 87 through conscience, 85 
and Cushing, 73, 78,134 Feeneyon,87 
and God's love, 82 
INDEX 
381 
and Jesus, 300 
and papal infallibility, 5 
and postdenominationalism, 306 and priest's absolution, 76-77 vs. revelation, l8o 
and subservience, 290 as universal, 82 
and Virgin Mary, 24 and worldly power, 46 
See also Nulla salus doctrine Sandel, Michael, 268 
Sanger, Margaret, 165 
Sartre, Jean Paul, 102,1o6,294-95 Scalia, Antonin, 289 
Schiavo, Terri, 267 
School busing crisis, Boston, 223 Medeiros on, 225 
Schultz, Brother Roger, 266 Schweitzer, Albert, 67 Science 
and claims to ultimate truth, 316 and conception, 266 
and religion, 78-79,81,133,248,305-6, 316 
 Wilson on, 359n.42
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                  and John Paul II's demand for conformity, 243, 251 
as opportunity not embraced, 285, 286 
and priests' culture and circum
stances, 229-31 
and Shanley, 227-29,231 Sexuality, 239 
as Catholic neurosis, 195
-
96 and Church authority, 289-90 and demographics, 165 
and discrediting of women, 158 and 'Howl,' 178 
and Mary Magdalen,145-46,160 (see also Mary Magdalen) 
and physicality of Catholicism, 30 and sexual revolution, 206-7 
and spirit-matter relationship, 156 and Vatican II reforms, 191 
See also Birth control; Celibacy Shakespeare, William, 132 
Shanley, Reverend Paul R., 227-29, 231, 233
,
235 
Sheen, Bishop Fulton J.,106 Shepherd One (pope's plane), 260 Sign 
of 
Contradiction (John Paul 1I), 251 
Sign oflonas, The (Merton), 1o6 Simon,Richard, 135-36,137 Sisters of Notre Dame, 170 Sistine Chapel art, 318, 320 Slaughterhouse-Five (Vonnegut), and Billy Pilgrim, 
11, 
25, 29 
Slavery 
Gregory XVI against, 48 
and private vs. public morality, 86 
 Smith, Alfred E., 38 Smith, Margie,196 Sobrino, Jon, 35211.13
	Practicing Catholic

But when revolutions struck Rome early in his pontificate, he was trau
 matized.
	Practicing Catholic

This was true, early on, almost everywhere the revolutions struck.
	Practicing Catholic

And the names of the demons were well known: Darwin, whose theories undermined the all-controlling Creator; Nie
 tzsche, with his hubristic assault on God; Marx, in whose name the social revolutions were destroying the structures of Europe; Garibaldi, who finally closed in on the pope in 1870, making him a prisoner in the Vatican.
	Practicing Catholic

                               His observations of celestial bodies, published in 
16Io, 
bore out the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus, who had published On the 
Revolutions 
of 
Heavenly 
Spheres in 
 1543.
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                                                                         How foundational texts are read, how the past is re
membered, how sexual desire is domesticated, how men and women negotiate their separate impulses, how power inevitably seeks sanc
tification, how tradition becomes authoritative, how revolutions are co-opted, how fallibility is reckoned with, how sweet devotion can be made to serve violent domination-all such modes of acculturation 
 '; show up in the way the story is told of the woman who befriended Jesus of Nazareth.
	Practicing Catholic

Ultimately, demographics would undergird technological and social revolutions in everything from methods of reproduction to the very meaning of sexuality.
	Practicing Catholic

The Copernicus-Galileo dispute is the main example given by Thomas Kuhn of a 'paradigm shift' in his influential book of 1962, The Structure 
of 
 Scientific Revolutions.
	Practicing Catholic

              See also Kennedy, Jacqueline 
'On the Church in the Modern World,' 214 
O'Neill, Eugene, 44,288 
On the Origin 
of Species by Means of 
Natural 
Selection 
(Darwin), 137, 358-591124 
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 
(Copernicus), 133, 133,319 Origen,133 
 Original Sin, 14,17, 20, 77, 90,156, 33311.6
	Practicing Catholic

                                                                                                     and conscience vs. community, 87 evangelical zeal in, 252 
and revolutions, 49 Universality, 278-79 as problematic, 279 University, as example of authority structure, 256 
University of California at Berkeley, Newman Club in, 62 Unworthiness 
affirmation of in Mass, 17-18,19, 321 and 'Apostolic Exhortation: '265 as built-in Catholic attitude, 289, 290 
Catholic life as accommodation to, 37 and Communion rail, 36 
'Howl' as answer to, 18o 
and Vatican II liturgy issues, 112-13 Updike, John, 176 
Urban II (pope), 122 
Values 
and culture, 282 negotiation 
of, 
266-68 Van Doren, Mark, 106 Vatican, 6o, 138 
Vatican Council, First (Vatican I), 51, 66, 96 
Vatican Council, Second (Vatican 11), 
1, 
63, 66, 94,109-13,116-20,123 agenda 
Of, 
127 
Benedict XVI opposed to, 129 
and birth control question, 163-64 and celibacy question, 169,172 
and Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, 260 
and conscientious objection, 214 conservative reaction against, 253 and Cuban Missile Crisis, 116 and death of John XXIII,163 discrimination condemned by, 246 
dread of eternal damnation mini
mized in, 170 
era of innovation from, 128 and evolution of Church, 258 formerly censured scholars as experts at, 163 
and Gibson, 284 
vs. Hispanic Catholicism, 224 
and issue of Latin vs. vernacular for Mass, 
Ill, 
127 
and Jews, 139 
John XXIII's opening speech to, 322 liturgical reform 
of, 
 111-13,116-20,127, 33m.12
	Practicing Catholic

His bigger achievements, on ethics reform and nuclear prolif
 eration, were substantive but not controversial.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Ross spliced that clip together with a quote from Obama saying he didn't think his church was particularly controversial.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

At the back of the stage, Reggie Love perches on the edge of a table to text-message on his cherished iPhone.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Slowing down, the motorcade follows the edge of the tarmac by the hangars, then turns left along the perimeter to the parked planes and a white Boe
ing 
757 
with a deep blue tail sporting a giant O. It could be a flying bill
 board.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

At the edge of the crowd, struggling to get any kind of view, was another network TV anchor, Matt Lauer.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

It turned out he was tight: he 
eked 
 out a surprising edge in the day's primaries and caucuses, winning more states and slightly more delegates than the top-ranked Team Clinton.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Purple runway lights ran along the edges of the stage.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

The goal is to measure turnout against the campaign's targets, as defined by an enormous database compiled from millions of phone calls and door knocks.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

'We're exceeding our vote goal.'
	Renegade: The Making of a President

The final phase of the national rollout had a very distant goal.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

The goal was to organize a community to influence the city's power.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

The goal was to finish ahead of Clinton in Iowa, but probably behind John Edwards.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

The goal was to find new voters, not the same old hacks who showed up to the usual party events.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

The goal was to expand methodically the universe of caucus-goers far beyond the traditional, older group of steady Democratic voters.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

But the goal in Iowa and beyond was to bring in new voters, and Kerry was hardly a new factor in politics.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

My main goal for my next visit is to make sure that my daughters are with me.'
	Renegade: The Making of a President

And I think that our goal has been to say, how do we function as good managers and good stewards of gov
 ernment and reform it and clean it up and make it work and make it tight? But let's not lose sight of the fact that we also have to persuade the American people as to where the country needs to go.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Although the pressure of history was far higher, their goal was to aim low.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

We just monitored, Are we hitting our goals?' And if we weren't, what adjustments did we need to make?' In fact, there was a limit to what the candidate wanted to hear.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

I may disagree with Sen
 ator Clinton or Senator Edwards on how to get there, but we share the same goals.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

But there was no way to reach their budget goals in that case.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

With the help of new technologies, government subsidies, and tougher regulation, Obama thought he might be able to meet sev
 eral goals at the same time, around a dinner table with wine and beer drinkers together.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                                   Re
viving the economy, saving jobs, softening the suffering for the unem
 ployed: all were goals of his gargantuan stimulus package.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

What he per
 sonally believed was that a new kind of honest, people-powered politics would help bring about his policy goals.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

But it was the policy goals that mattered to him, not the style of politics.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

But he could deliver on his personal dream to inspire children to work harder in school and aspire to greater goals for themselves.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

       Across the gym, glancing repeatedly toward the cameras, is a bald
ing, overweight, late-middle-aged man with an earring in one ear, and a 
New 
 York Times under his arm.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

But he does not need it to be punctual; even on long campaign days across several states, he ran on schedule, while his rival candidates were notoriously late.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Outside, it is an unseasonably, irrationally warm day for late fall in Chicago.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                   In late-night conversations, fueled by beer and 
pizza, he would hold forth on the world's freedom movements stretch
 ing from anticolonialism in Kenya to civil rights in the United States.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Rouse was ready to retire after three decades as a congressional staffer, perhaps to join Daschle in the private sector, when Obama suggested a meeting late one evening after an ori
entation session for new members of Congress at the luxurious Man
 darin Oriental hotel.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

In late August 
2005, 
 Obama embarked on his most substantive overseas travel, to weapons sites in the former Soviet bloc.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

'They more often suffer for having run too late, for passing up opportunities.'
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Barack put his arm around Michelle and pulled her close after a rare event together-another late-night rally in an overcrowded, overheated school gym.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                                                              'The basic re
quirement for the understanding of the politics of change is to recognize the world as it is,' he wrote in 
Rules for Radicals 
in 
1972, 
his practical book of advice to the young activists disillusioned with the failures of the late 
 1960s.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

He dreamt of the civil rights movement, but he was two decades late.
	Renegade: The Making of a President


 For the biggest speech of his career, Barack Obama was remarkably late and loose in preparation.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

 Tired and grumpy after a late
running CBS interview with 60 
Minutes, 
Obama stumbled his way 
 through his first rehearsal with a teleprompter.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

       In late January, just a few weeks before formally launching his 
campaign in Springfield, Obama met with his inner circle at the D.C. of
 fices of his new campaign lawyer, Bob Bauer.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

And by then, the infusion of dollars was typically too late: insurgent candidates always died at the first sign of life, like Dick Gephardt in 1988 and John McCain in 2000.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

'You're going to have to create an organization of a size and scope that you've never done before,' she told Obama late in 2006.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

From a standing start-in fact, starting six weeks late in mid-February-Pritzker's team was budgeted to raise $12 
 million in the first quarter.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

But they were already too late: by that time, one hundred Obama volunteers had been on-site for five hours, plotting diagrams for the best corner positions and rehearsing their chants.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

In this unfolding conun
 drum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                                                                                                    The conven
tional wisdom in caucus politics was to get hot late in the process; but the TV star arrived a full month before voting began and left the cam
 paign cold.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

John Edwards threatened a late surge in the polls, at least according to the most recent news reports.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

It took so long to fill both the main gym and a practice gym (for the overflow) that the event started unusually late.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

At the gilded Palace Theater in Manchester, the crowd waited two hours on a Sunday morning for a glimpse of the per
former, who arrived late 
because 
 he was sleeping.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Nobody had seen anything like it: a huge late swing that the polls missed entirely.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                                                                                                  Just be
cause you think you're smart and you think you can shake things up, that everybody else is automatically going to see that:' Obama commis
 sioned his first poll two weeks after announcing his candidacy, which turned out to be two weeks too late.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                              He ulti
mately lost by more than thirty points, and showed up to his own elec
 tion-night party too late: the race was already called by the time he arrived.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

His TV ads had aired late but proved highly effective, and his poll numbers were rising.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                              But it also served to iso
late him, pushing away those who could sustain him, as he strove to suc
 ceed.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

After talking briefly about tree plantings, his daughters, and energy-efficient lightbulbs, he added these late, head-wrenching 
 lines: 'One thing that I do have to go back on, on this issue of terrorism.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

By late summer, Obama asked Plouffe to run some numbers for him.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

'Some people suggested we get into the race late as a surprise, but it would never have worked because there were so many questions about this guy,' said Plouffe.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

It is the poison that we must purge from 
our poll
_
 
 tics, the wall that we must tear down before the hour is too late.,,
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Now they were convinced it was too late for him in south Carolina, no matter whether he won or lost.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Despite a late series of campaign swings by his white opponent in the fall, Pennsylvania voted for a black president by ten points in the general election.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

In late October he met for dinner with some old Washington friends who 
 advised him to go on the attack.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

One day late in the caucus campaign, as his bus rolled through the state, he grew annoyed at the sight of David Axelrod and Robert Gibbs jumping up and down as they read the latest polls on their B1ackBerrys.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

By the time he reached North Carolina in late April, he conceded that he was off his game.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

By the late fall, almost six in ten voters believed McCain was running an unfairly negative campaign, compared with just four in ten at the end of the summer.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

The weather was as hot on that late-August day as it was 
 cold on the announcement day in February.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

In fact, he added to the thrill of the moment by cranking up the pressure: by starting prep late and by pumping up expectations.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

It was the late surge in cash that paid for a thirty-minute 
prime-time program, which 
Plouffe 
 wanted to slot in between the final debate and the general election.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                                                               As the candidate readied himself for the final de

bate of the election, his aides held a late-night conference call to decide whether to go ahead with the live TV Jim Margolis, Obama's senior ad
 vertising strategist, wanted the live segment to show some immediacy, to inspire voters to action.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

On his regular late-night conference call, the candidate was skeptical.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Instead, the late rise of Sarah Pahn and the panic that she triggered among some Democrats combined to drive him toward the finish line.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

On a long flight from New Mexico to Florida, late in the general elec
 tion, I asked him about something that his friends know well: that he only really engages in the final minutes of the fourth quarter.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

His mother worked in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan in the late 1980s, and he visited her there, touring sights like the Taj Mahal.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                    By the late fall he de
scribed his position, which he had arrived at in haphazard fashion, as 'ag
gressive personal diplomacy' 
 It was a neat move of political jujitsu, turning an opponent's attack into an opportunity for counterattack.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

The crisis erupted in the closing days of the Iowa contest, when Kenya staged its general election in late December 2007.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Behind the scenes, as he grappled with John Edwards's late surge in Iowa and Hillary Clinton's comeback in New Hampshire, the candidate was talking to officials in Washington and Nairobi.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                   'I think 
there's 
still some concern be
cause those concerns have been continually stoked,' he told 
reporters 
 on his plane in late February.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                           David Axelrod was finishing up a late 
breakfast opposite the Brandenburg Gate when he started reading the judgment of the conservative 
New York Times 
 columnist David Brooks.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

As the TV debates approached, those numbers gave Obama's aides the confidence to ask for a late change in topics.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

It was two weeks after the col
 lapse of Lehman Brothers bank, in late September.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

'It was late in the afternoon and I took a drive with another organizer over to the old Wisconsin Steel plant on the southeast side of Chicago,' he told a group of union leaders and man
 agers in Pittsburgh.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

He called two of his senior aides to his home in Chicago for a late
 afternoon meeting.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Even at this late stage of the election, Obama needed cash to sustain his vastly expensive, and privately funded, campaign machine.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

It was a quiet pause in a relentless schedule, the day after his first address to Congress, and a late night working both sides of the aisle in the House chamber.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

The newly inaugurated president left the Capitol as the day grew cold and dark, late in the afternoon.
	Renegade: The Making of a President


 Obama left Chicago with his family and a handful of his closest friends for their regular winter vacation in Hawaii in late December.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

He also suffered from tax problems like Geithner, and his problems emerged late in the process, in mid-December.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

He discovered it late in the presidential campaign, as the financial system collapsed, and he loved it far more than the election itself.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                                                                                                                                                                         See 
also financial crisis education issue, 163-164 
Edwards, John, 51, 69, 91, 98, 101, 106, 126, 134, 145, 163, 191, 193, 211 election day 
Axelrod's day, 12-14 
Toot Dunham's death, 1-2 McCain's concession, 18 Obama's basketball game, 10, I1-12, 14-15 
Obama's campaigning, 2-3, 9-11 Obamas' voting in Chicago, 6-9 Obama turnout effort, 14 
Obama victory rally at Grant Park, 18-21 
voting results, 3, 13, 15-18 
elitist caricature of Obama, 276-283 Ellison, Ralph, 30 
Emanuel, An, 113 
Emanuel, Rahm, 45, 311-312, 313 energy issues, 286-287, 292-294 Eppridge, Bill, 332 
Evans, Lane, 17 
mnrv 
Fairey, Shepard, 10 Farrakhan, Louis, 9, 254 Farris, Christine King, 138 Favre, Brett, 134 
Favreau, Jon, 14, 64, 65, 100, 176, 190, 191 
Obama's inauguration speech, 308 Obama's Jefferson Jackson speech, 88-90,92,93 
Obama's nomination acceptance speech, 219, 220-221, 223, 224 political background of, 87-88 'Yes We Can' theme, 116-117 Favreau, Pete, 107 
Feinstein, Diamte, 206, 207 Ferraro, Geraldine, 168, 169 financial crisis 
general election campaign and, 274-276,284,294-297,299-300 Obama's stimulus package regarding, 318-320,325-326 
Fischer family, 284 Fitzgerald, Peter, 122 foreign policy issues, 234, 235, 239-249, 269 
Fournier, Ron, 164-165, 179 Fox News, 254-255 France, 267-268 
Frank, Barney, 276 Frankel, Adam, 116, 220 free trade issue, 280 Froman, Michael, 55 
Galston, Marygrace, 80 Gamaliel Foundation, 63 Gandhi, Mohandas K., 31, 68, 135, 188 gas-tax holiday issue, 284-285, 288 Geffen, David, 195 
Geithner, Tim, 301, 322 Genachowski, Julius, 55 general election campaign Biden's role, 291 
bin Laden issue, 214 
celebrity ad attacking Obama, 214-216,268-269 `'commander in chief' issue, 290 debates, 269-271 
economy as voters' greatest concern, 288-290 
'empathy with voters' issue, 290-291, 294 
energy issues, 286-287 final stretch, 299-300 financial crisis and, 274-276, 284, 294-297,299-300 
osn   ntncv 
'inexperience' issue, 271-272 Joe the Plumber and, 297-298 'lipstick on a pig' controversy, 227 McCain's age as unspoken issue, 296 McCain's 'homes' gaffe, 295-296 McCaai s suspension of his campaign, 296 
media coverage of, 213-214, 227 mind games between candidates, 216 negative campaigning, 214-216, 229-230,268-269 
Obama's burning desire to win, 230-231 
Obama's expectations for, 206, 233
234 
Obama's nomination acceptance speech,219-225 
Obama's prime-time infomercial, 228-229 
offshore oil drilling issue, 286-287, 293 
Palm's contribution, 271 
polling data on, 226-227, 270-271, 288,290-291,299 
public financing question, 209-213 'socialist' charge against Obama, 297-298 
taxes issue, 297-298 
town hall meetings, proposal for, 209, 210 
undecided voters, 289-290 
vice presidential selections, 216-219, 225-227 
See also election day Gephardt, Dick, 57, 69, 72, 85 Germany, 264-266 Giannoulias, Alexi, 15 
Gibbs, Robert, 6, 8, 18, 89, 97, 114, 125, 127, 184, 191, 201, 219, 225, 243, 270,321 
Gibson, Charlie, 181, 271 Giuliani, Rudy, 61 Gonyea, Don, 267 Goolsbee, Austan, 280 Gordon, Phil, 267 
Gore, Al, 87, 271-272, 282, 283 Gorenberg, Mark, 15, 73 Graham, Lindsey,319-320 Gramm, Phil, 294-295 Gration, Scott, 247, 266 Green, Monica, 97 
Greene, Graham, 31 Grisolano, Larry, 16 Grunwald, Mandy, 91 Gutman, Howard, 252 
Hagel, Chuck, 261, 262-263 Haley, Alex, 30 
Hamas, 252 
Harold, Wahid, 238, 240, 241 Hannity Sean, 254 
Harkin, Ruth, 76 
Harkin, Tom, 46, 69, 83, 92 Hart, Gary, 276 
Hildebrand, Steve, 46-48, 54, 56-57, 70-71,74 
Hilton, Paris, 215 
Holder, Eric, 15-16, 217, 218 Holdren,John, 292 Hopefund, 44 
Horn, Wally, 85 Huffington, Arianna, 113 Hughes, Langston, 30, 148 Hurricane Katrina, 43-44, 292 Hurwitz, Sarah, 220 Hussein, Saddam, 241 
inauguration day, 304-309 
Indiana primary campaign, 181, 184, 285 
Indonesia, 28-29, 235-237, 250 Industrial Areas Foundation, 63 Ingraham, Laura, 295 
Iowa caucuses campaign, 56-57, 59-60, 67,69
-
71,76-85,87,90-102,104, 130-132,194 
Iraq war, 42, 84, 97, 196, 245, 261, 270, 301 
Obama's perspective on, 240-242 Israel, 251-253, 256-258, 262 Obama's visit to, 263-264 
Jackson, Jesse, 43, 143, 145 Jakes, T. D., 43 
James, Etta, 309 Jarrett, Laura, 10 Jarrett, Valerie, 10, 19, 36, 54, 56, 101, 115-116, 121, 129, 130, 131, 172, 175, 183, 184, 203, 217, 310, 311, 312, 315, 318, 326 
Obama's relationship with, 123-124 Jefferson Jackson speeches, 87, 88-93 Jerusalem issue, 257 
Jewish voters, 251-254, 256-258 Johnson, Broderick,55 Johnson, Jim, 217 
Johnson, Lyndon B.,161,246 Johnson, Robert, 161 
Jones, Gen. James, 315 Jones, Quincy 91 
Jordan, Michael, 56,188, 310 
Kame, Tim, 217 
Kellman, Jerry, 60, 63, 64, 154 Kennedy, Bobby, 50, 332 Kennedy, Caroline, 15, 200, 217, 218 Kennedy, John F, 50, 84, 200-201, 219, 243,246,265-266,271-272,302, 321 
Kennedy, Patrick, 200 Kennedy, Ted, 41, 205, 213, 282 endorsement of Obama, 200-201 Kenya, 45-46 
crisis of 2007, 247-249 
Kerry, John, 16, 38, 75, 87, 111, 217, 219, 254, 259, 282, 283 
endorsement of Obama, 200 Keyes, Alan, 190 
Khan, Kareem Rashad Sultan, 272 Kibaki, Mwai, 247,248 
King, Coretta Scott, 142, 158 
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 19, 29, 61, 68, 88-89,139,140,142,160,161,188, 221, 222, 224, 301, 305, 326 
Klein, Joe, 277 Klinefelter, Bill, 292 Knowles, Beyonce, 309 Kornbluh, Karen, 108,292 Kramer, Orin, 73 Kucinich, Dennis, 193 
Lake, Tony, 259 Lauer, Matt, 110, 325 Lee, Spike, 35, 198 Legend, John, 90, 225 Lewis, Ann, 251 Lewis, John L., 61 Libby, Scooter, 305 Lieberman, Joe, 226, 255-256, 260 Lillie, Katie, 8 
Lincoln, Abraham, 64, 68, 188 Lippert, Mark, 261 
'lipstick on a pig' controversy, 227 Love, Reggie, 6, 7, 8, 10, 125, 186 Lugar, Dick, 218 
MacLaine, Shirley, 193 Malcolm, Ellen, 112 Malcolm X, 30, 119, 148, 167, 198 Maliki, Noun al-, 261, 265 Malveaux, Suzanne, 163 
Margolis, Jim, 12, 78, 222, 228, 229, 286 
Matthews, Chris, 65, 188 McAuliffe, Terry, 85, 90-91 McCain, John, 72, 106, 213, 245, 246, 254, 273,282,293 
McCain, John 
(continued) 
Biden's confrontation with, 
227-228 
election day concession, 
18 
gas-tax holiday issue, 
284 
Iraq war issue, 
261 
Middle East trip, 
260, 261-262 
Muslim caricature of Obama, 
252, 256 New 
York Posts endorsement of, 
255 
vice presidential selection, 
225-227 See also 
general election campaign McCarthy, Eugene, 
276 
McCaskill, Claire, 
205 
McDonough, Denis, 
261 
McGovern, George, 
71, 298 
McPeak, Tony, 
97 
Merkel, Angela, 
264 
Midwest Democracy Network, 
211 
Mikva, Abner, 
8, 253 
Mills, Cheryl, 
206 
Morris, Dick, 
164 
Morrison, Toni, 
145, 163 
Moseley-Braun, Carol, 
39,122 
Moss, Otis, 
169 
Moyers, Bill, 
29 
Murdoch, Rupert, 
254, 255 
Musharraf, Pervez, 
240 
Muskie, Ed, 
111 
Muslim caricature of Obama, 
194-195, 198,250-256,272-273 
Muslim world 
Obama administration's overtures to, 
323-324 
Obama's understanding of, 
236, 238, 240 
Nader, Ralph, 
62 
Napolitano, Janet, 
287 
National Rifle Association, 
212 
National Right to Life, 
212 
Native Americans, 
273 
Nelson, Ben, 
45 
Nesbitt, Anita, 
123 
Nesbitt, Marty, 
9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 23, 24-25,53,54,56,58,72-73,98, 105, 121, 122, 125, 128, 137, 171, 
175-176,178,196,201,215,227, 230, 265, 310, 313, 322, 330 
Obama's relationship with, 
122-123 
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 
263 
Nevada caucuses, 
133-135 
New Hampshire primary campaign, 
104-119,161 
Ng, Konrad, 
232-233 
Nicholson, Marvin, 
18 Nietzsche, 
Friedrich, 
31 
mnrv 
Nixon, Richard, 
196, 271-272 
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 
280 
North Carolina primary campaign, 
181, 184,285 
Obatna, Auma, 
247 
Obama, Barack African American heritage, coming to terms with, 
147-152 
ambition and fear of failure, 
121 
ambivalence and detachment of, 
123 
American identity, 
236-237 
basketball playing, 
10, 11-12, 14-15, 148,186-188,204,331 
childhood experiences, 
27, 28-29, 147, 235-237,250 
common ground, search for, 
152-156, 174, 190, 237 
community organizing work, 
60, 61-64,66,78,86,95,150,281 
congressional campaign in 
2000, 37, 119-121,153-154,251 
Democratic convention keynote speech in 
2004; 38 
ethnic politics, rejection of, 
154 
financial difficulties, 
121 
foreign policy, approach to, 
234, 235, 239-249 
Halloween participation in 
2008, 316-317 
Hawaii vacation in late 
2008, 316 
heroes of, 
68,188 
identity formation, 
29-32, 64, 147-152 
Illinois state senate career, 
37, 112, 120,121,152-153 
Indonesia, life in, 
28-29, 235-237, 250 
international outlook, 
234-242, 244 
Iraq war, perspective on, 
240-242 
Kenya visit in 
2006, 45-46, 247-248 
legal career, 
37 
liberal elites' support for, 
153 
Muslim culture, understanding of, 
236, 238, 240 
mystery of, 
5-6 
political power, learning about, 
63 
poverty, perspective on, 
236-237 
presidential greatness, views on, 
23-24 
religious life, 
172-175, 250 
Secret 
Service 
agents, relations with, 
332-333 
Senate, election to, 
121-122, 123, 154-155, 155,190 
Senate 
career, 
37-46, 218, 235 
See also 
Obama presidency; Obama presidential campaign; Obama's decision to run for president; 
specific persons 
Obama, Barack, Sr., 
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Lieberman represented a bipartisan revolution in Washington.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

Before announcing their own totals, the Obama campaign wanted to be sure they were accurate and planned to wait two weeks for a final tally.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

                                                         Both were concerned that the 
Register poll 
didn't match the campaign's internal polling, although it did tally with their own num
 bers coming in from the field.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

His candidate, Sam Beard, was declared the winner for one day, until election 
officials 
 discovered a tallying error.
	Renegade: The Making of a President

THE ENGINEERS 61 
 So his words were controversial, even inflammatory.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                                                    7kERrvER zog 
and the Association of Commerce again agreed 'to refrain from pub
 fishing anything in connection with' a controversial port policy.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                                                                             His complete kno ledge of the condi
tions and, the forces he was dealing with gave him nfaltering faith in the plans of the work, and yet there was 
somelhi 
more than knowl
 edge....
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Another warned of wolves and 'the fetid alligator, while the panther basks at [the river's] edge in the cane-brakes, almost impervious to man ...
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Percy was pushing against the edge of the law.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Then Percy's partner Crittenden pushed beyond the edge of the law.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

On the edge of the city was the home of a beautiful, light-skinned black woman whose 
daughters 
 were equally beautiful and even lighter.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Several black doctors and dentists had offices in two buildings on the edge of downtown.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

At the Esplanade wharf at the edge of the French Quarter, the Mississippi curved around a sharp bend greater than 
96 
 degrees.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

At the northern edge of his sector a guard reported a sand boil.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

An orphan, separated from his siblings and shifted from one relative to another, his childhood was spent on edge, and it must have seemed that any misstep would cause him to be sent away.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

From the Gulf Coast towns of Gulf
 port, Pass Christian, Biloxi, and Bay St. Louis, professional fishermen came, rzo of their boats freighted north by rail and unloaded on the edge of the flood in Vicksburg, Greenwood, Yazoo; City, and a few making it to Greenville on the last train, arriving just as water roared through the streets.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

The hog had drug her right, to the edge of the water, trying to get her up on the bank where he could eat her with no trouble.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Finally, I want to acknowl
 edge the cousins-Rose.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                                                                                                                           SRN4TOR 
ARCM 
sand 
marked by, an increased negro population,' NowStone seconded 
Percy's 
opinion: 'It is always difficult to' get a negro to plant and properly' cultivate the outer edges of his field-the extreme ends of 
his 
 rows; his ditch banks, etc.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

His logic made the boldest goal seem attainable.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

         The government would 
pay 
him nothing until he achieved 
a 
channel 
zo 
 feet deep, 2 feet deeper than the canal's goal.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

He would receive nothing until Army engineers certified that a channel zo-feet deep existed-2 feet deeper than the goal of the canal.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Great as that goal was, even more was at issue.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Upon the bill's passage, Humphreys resigned as chief of engineers and retired from the Army, effective June 3
0


88 RrsiNG 
Tins 
Exactly one week later, U.S. Army Captain Micah Brown certi
fied that the South Pass channel had reached the final goal, a depth of 3 
0 
 feet.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Five million dollars was agreed upon as the initial goal, although all pres
 ent knew it would be insufficient and a second call would have to be issued.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

And as grand as his goal of economic reconstruction was, he had.another
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

He easily raised his goal: 
 $1.75
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

But Moton had a larger goal in mind .than
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

He had been willing to mute public criticism of the Red Cross, and indirectly of Hoover, to further another goal.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Hoover agreed with them on the goal but warned that both Congress and the White House 'are going to hesitate to let go of the requirement of local contribution for fear of future demand for this sort of thing....
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

2 (New Orleans: Goals to Grow, 1971), p. 20j, quoted in Raabe, 'Status and Its Impact,' Ph.D.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

In the late I86os and early 1870,, nearly 2,ooo men were swarming about on twenty-four large derrick
equipped barges and boats and scaffolding 
as 
the steel and masonry 
 took shape.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Only then, late on a Friday afternoon and minutes before the scheduled end of the hearing, was Taussig, chairman of the bridge company, invited to speak.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  In New Orleans, Caleb Forshey, Humphreys' former assistant on the Delta Survey, asked the 
New 
Orleans 
Picayune, 'Can it be possible at this late date, after 3 5 years of: tampering with dredges, jetties, and stirrings, the Congress can be staggered by the proposition of any man, and especially one who his never given the subject personal investigation?' Editorially, the Picayune added, 'Never was an honest proposition more inoppor
 tune.-Even
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Andrews had first seen the bar in late May 1875.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                                                                                                                                                           ,
 Its center would be Greenville, a town that even took advantage of disaster when, in the late i8oos, the river swung sideways and block after block of down
 town collapsed into the river.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Late in.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

        By 
LATE MARCH 
 four separate flood crests had passed Cairo.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Late today the Neshobo [sic] River levee burst, flooding thousands of acres....
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Late reports from Columbus, Kentucky, told
 of movements of inhabitants to higher ground when the waters of the Mississippi virtually reached the top of the embankment....
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                   The 
Jackson Clarion-Ledger 
 reported: 'Forces were redoubled on levees north of Greenville late today, as the Mississippi River, lashed into fury by the strong winds, battered at the great dykes..
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Late that afternoon he met with business leaders to demand honesty in future stories.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

The three New Orleans men had ridden the train to Baton Rouge and entered the 
 governor's mansion late Saturday night, just after a delegation of men from St. Bernard and Plaquemines left.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Simpson, who did not get on the phone, said he would be in the city late the next day, Monday.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Late that evening, April 25, Simpson sent the wire.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Exactly one week earlier, as reports had come in of the extraordinary rains, senior -Red Cross officials had gathered late at.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

As late as July 
1, 
 1.5
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

When Will convened the committee a few hours late; one after another the members said the Negroes 
its 
SON 3 
og 
 should stay on the levee.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                                                                         Teddy Roosevelt's 
1904 
platform had called for reducing congres
sional representation for states that did not allow blacks to vote, and as late as January 
1927, 
 Senate Republicans threatened to investigate the disenfranchisement of southern blacks.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                                      CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN 



-vex 
By LATE MAY, 
the, Mississippi River had not fallen below , flood stage, 
and 
 water had not entirely stopped flowing through most levee, breaks.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

By late May nearly half the city was free of water: The Wineman lumber 
mill 
 reopened, the first large employer to do so.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

A few days later, after it was too late for any, harmful political repercussions, Monroe moved against' the trappers again.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                      Agricultural scientists soon told 
him 
that planting soybeans so late was 'positively contrary 
to 
 not only our experience, but the leading planters of the Delta.'
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

In late August black businessmen gathered in St. Louis at.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

For three hours, beginning late in the afternoon and continu
 ing into the evening, Barnett and Holsey reviewed the report.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

As late as March 
19x8, 
 almost a ;year after the Mounds Landing crevasse, the Red.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

The late John Kouwen
 hoven collected this and a vast store of additional material on Eads; thanks to John Brown of the University of Virginia for sharing it with me.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

223   The weakest levees: Memo from the Mississippi River Flood Control Association to Army Liaison Office and Red Cross, April 23, x927, 
 zz3   'it offers protection': See• undated report (probably, late January or early February 19x7) for the National Flood Commission, NOCA.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

I would like to give special thanks to the late Herman Kohlmeyer ' and Frank 
 Hall.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

John K. Brown of the University of Virginia spent much time going through papers assembled by the late John Kouwenhoven about James Buchanan Eads for me.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

The late Stephen Lemann, whom I remember with great fondness, offered me cooperaton and guidance.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

This revolution of the rational dearly influenced Hoover.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Thorstein Veblen, a Stanford faculty member whom Hoover knew, talked of engineers forming a 'director
 ate' and leading a revolution for 'a more competent management of the country's industrial System....
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

the country was 'in the midst of a great revolution,' that extreme individualism was giving
 .
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

                                                                                                             The, yeast helped immeasurably, but a U.S. Public Health Service report 
387 
concluded, '[A]ny attempt to remove the conditions which are funda
mentally responsible for the prevalence of pellagra would involve a revolution of dietary habits and of the entire economic and financial system as it exists:' For the final plague 
was 
 race.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

Old South, New South: 
Revolutions in 
the Southern Econ
omy Since 
the 
Civil 
 War.
	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood Of 1927 And How It Changed America

So I gave a some
 what controversial speech.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

         That's how it often goes with a controversial piece of leg
islation that doesn't appear to the general public to be at all con
 troversial.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

                                                                                                        I suppose we might have 
realized that our proposed legislation would be controversial to Christian conservatives, but our bill certainly didn't come any
 where close to the outrageous interpretation of the National Right to Lifers.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

He even used the issue to try to block the nomination of controversial FDA Commissioner Lester Crawford, because of his support of condom use.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

In the end, Nita's amendment passed, which pleased us greatly, even as we stood aghast that such a non-controversial issue could draw such a significant number of 
no 
 votes, simply because it had to do with birth control.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

,
  Little did I know that my front row seat to cutting-edge developments in science and health care was about to pay dividends on a deeply personal level.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

Elizabeth knew about Fran
 nie, and she knew about my interest in cutting-edge scientific research, so she asked if I would sign on as the new co-chair when she stepped down.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

Our scientists could not contribute to this cutting
 edge research because they could not use any cells derived from post-August 2001 embryos.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

Later, he considered switching parties and running against Tim Walberg in the general election, but I think he decided the Republican voter registration edge was just too great in his district.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

And we need strict ethi
 cal guidelines to give consistent federal oversight to scientists conducting all of this cutting-edge exploration.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

It also means establishing an unbiased, science-based ethics review panel to oversee all cutting edge research, including embryonic, adult, and cord blood stem cell research and SCNT It means working with individual states that have adopted their own protocols to harmonize the rules so researchers can work with state and federal money.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

My grand
 father encouraged me in this; he told me I should work hard to achieve my goal, so that's what I did.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

I still had no interest or involvement in politics-I was single-minded and focused on my goal of becoming a storefront lawyer.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

In many ways, they were an extension of the primary goal I set when I graduated from law school: to do sound public interest work.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

I decided to take is as a compliment, because my whole goal in working on tough issues had been to try to bring coalitions together, irre
 spective of party affiliation.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

She was nonetheless steadfast in her insistence that the Raelians were well on their way toward achieving their ultimate goal of eternal life.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

                                                                                            SEX, SCIENCE, AND STEM CELLS 

Certainly, we thought, the breakthrough would be well received on both sides of the aisle, because those of us in the leg
islative fight on health-related issues are all ultimately seeking the 
 same goal-the well-being of the general public.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

Undermining effective HIV/AIDS prevention in the United States in pursuit of an unproven ideologi
 cal goal is dangerous enough ...
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

My grandfather was always talk
 ing to me about how to put myself in a position to accomplish my goals, and now my father re-entered the picture and echoed the same advice.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

More important than the honors and the recognition was the fact that I was able to accomplish some of the goals I'd set for myself when I first decided to run for public office-to write 
purposeful, impactful legislation, and to address some of the dif
ficult issues facing our community in a straightforward, reason
 able way.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

While many of the goals stated in the guidelines are admi
 rable, they are not science-based.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

Dr. Pellegrino is a founding member of Do No Harm, an organization whose goals include 'the development of treatments and therapies that do not require the destruction of human life, including the human embryo.'
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

They know, for example, that the religious right seeks to outlaw late-term abortion procedures, but they're unaware that the same political figures also object to birth control-which, of course, 
prevents 
 abortions.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

It's all there: the late-night debates on the House floor over birth control, the committee hearings where mem
 bers railed against young women, the missives from religious right organizations to keep scientific discussion out of the public realm.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

I never stopped to think that I was perhaps thirty years too late for that kind of thinking and that few people were making change through impact litigation any more.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

Back in Denver after graduation, I landed a job in the Appel
 late Division of the Colorado Public Defender's office, making $21,000 a year.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

      I was a little late to 

13 
SEX, SCIENCE, AND STEM CELLS 

 the party, though.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

Over the next few years, Frannie had sev
 eral more late-night seizures.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

With the pump and the continuous glucose monitor 


85 
SEX, SCIENCE, AND STEM CELLS 

 she's used since late 2007, to measure her blood glucose every five minutes, she describes herself as the 'bionic woman.'
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

I told the organizers I would be a lit

Angels Dancing on the Head of a Pin 

 tle late and set out to find a television.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

When that bill was killed, less than twenty-four hours before this East Room ceremony was scheduled to begin, it was too late for the White House to change course.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

Here again, we'd learned the hard lesson that, in the Senate, 
as soon as we can 
 might mean anything from a couple of weeks to late summer, and Nancy decided that we wouldn't wait.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

I su 
 There's an adage in Washington (and elsewhere,   ppose) that suggests that if you are determined to take an unpopular action or commit a dastardly dtied it's best to do so late on a Friday afternoon, and in this way avoid the press.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

He introduced legislation on condom labeling in the late 1990s, and when that didn't fly he offered amendments on the House floor in favor of this warning label.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

It's as near to an absolute preventative as we can expect on this front, because of course the vaccine can't block infection after the fact, which means that in order for it to be most effective the inoc
 ulation must be administered to girls in late adolescence, around the age of eleven or twelve, before they become sexually active.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

One of the most alarming examples of this right-wing bewil
 derment took place on the House floor during a late-night debate in July 1998.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

At the time of our late-night debate,back in 1998, Plan B, a high-dose birth control pill that can prevent pregnancy if taken within seventy-two hours after inter
 course, was only available to women with a doctor's prescription.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

For several years in the late 1990s, I offered an amendment of my own, trying to fix a situation that was doubly difficult because it involved both abortion 
and 
 federal prisoners.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

For a time in the late 1990s, the following statement was clearly displayed on the National Cancer Institute's website, which was administered by the National Institutes of Health, a federal agency: 'The current body of scientific evidence suggests that women who have had either induced or spontaneous abortions have the same risk as other women for developing breast cancer.'
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

For the first time since Lino and I had weighed whether it was in our family's best inter
 ests for me to stay in Congress following Frannie's diagnosis, I believed we were on the brink of a real revolution in the state of the science.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

They simply couldn't believe that what they viewed as a scientific revolution could be trumped by politics.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

In all, we picked up fourteen votes from the 2006 House tally.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

That's an overwhelming tally, and I have to believe the president and his supporters are merely counting on our pre
 occupation with other matters to allow them to pursue their own course on this issue.
	Sex, Science, and Stem Cells: Inside the Right Wing Assault on Reason

Rather than delay the mass, I told the command post-and this was controversial-just keep magging people as if the machines were working.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

Although the enemy rarely undertook major operations in moonlight, everyone in the division was on edge because, seventeen days earlier, one of our boat cap
 tains, Quartermaster First Class Jimmy Cain from Fort Worth, Texas, had been killed.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

Somewhere along the way, Rocky had bought himself a tiny 35mm camera-they were new and cutting-edge in those days-and as the evening wore on, he started taking pictures.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

They then delivered us to the edge of the customs area, where they said good
 bye.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

He said we were at the absolute edge of the envelope, within seconds of drop
 ping tail first into the water.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

From the moment I met the vice president in October 1989, it was obvious that there was an edge to him about protection.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

There may be some disagreements on the edges but we fundamen
 tally think about things the same way.'
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

The Reagan memoirs noted, 'Not once during our summit did he [Gorbachev] express support for the old Marxist
Leninist goal of a one-world Communist state or the Brezhnev doc

THREE WORDS IN GENEVA 
 trine of Soviet expansionism.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

She'd only open the trunk in the evenings, especially those nights when we'd fly in late from somewhere else and not have anything scheduled until the next day.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

The exceptions were late events in New York and trips to the West Coast.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

Anyone could hide anything in there, from listen
 ing devices to explosives, and we might not find it until it was too late.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

On those rare occasions when the plane touched down a few mo
 ments late, we'd taxi at ninety miles an hour to hit the blocks on time.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

Having been annoyed by Mitterand a few times in the past, especially Mit
terand's habit of always arriving late and keeping everyone wait
 ing, the president decided he wasn't going to put up with it this time.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

I was mildly concerned that word might have leaked out that the president was missing from the White House and that there could be cameras waiting for us, but it was too late for the press to spoil Mrs. Reagan's birthday surprise.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

Most of the time I was with Kissinger, he was either at the State Department un
 til late at night or at the White House.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

He said he never thought much about it again, for the next 
9TANOING NEXT TO HISTORY 
 twenty-five or thirty years, until sometime in the late 1950s.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

Unfortunately, we only know for sure what we missed when it's too late.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

The agent who interviewed her, the late Gary Yauger, was hauled up before Congress.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

We've seen it more dramatically since the late 1990s, and in its most startling form on September 11, 2001.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

We were still in Miami-soaked clothes until late that evening.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

Besides that, it was late, and everyone was tired.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

But we still occasion
 ally used the convertible for parades as late as the 1990s, and we had it with us on that trip.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

They'd carry rwo-one in a shoulder holster, the other in an ankle holster
and by the late 1970s, they faced criminals carrying guns with fif
 teen rounds.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

I maintain a lifelong admiration for my river patrol shipmates, notably the late Lt. John Poe, Lt. Andy Arje, Lt. (j.g.)
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

Just because his attempt on the president happened a long time ago, and just because someone somewhere proclaims him men
tally stable enough to be out on weekends, that doesn't mean the Se
 cret Service has forgotten him, or ever will.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

I'm convinced that the president to
 tally disarmed Gorbachev with his one-on-one charm, because as I stood in that cabana and watched his body language, it was clear to me that Mikhail Gorbachev liked Ronald Reagan.
	Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service

It was controversial work.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Was Napoleon's tantrum irrational? No, it was simply the calculated act of a leader looking for an edge and a man who believed he could achieve face-to-face what his armies might not be able to achieve on the field of battle.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

He believed that sandpile energy, the energy of systems constantly poised on the edge of unpredictable change, was one of the fundamental forces of nature.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Big universities, where conservative and riskless views of the world were the norm, where the future of mankind always seemed to be one more billion-dollar atom smasher away, set Bak's teeth on edge.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

It's a commonplace of military and foreign-policy chatter that at the end of the day terrorists never achieve their goals, that insurgencies are ultimately weaker than any state, that the tech
nological and information edge of the U.S. military can safe
guard our homeland, even if it does hiccup from time to time in places like Afghanistan and Iraq (or is mostly useless to deal with emergent challenges like China, pandemics, and terror
 ism).
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

America's hoped-for 'infor
 mation edge'-the seductive post Cold War promise that our satellites and airpower would give us an all-seeing, all-knowing security-had been reduced to this observation about the state of the Iraq war by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld in 2003: 'We know we're killing a lot, capturing a lot, collecting arms.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

During times of 'offensive dominance,' when technologies gave the edge to attacking forces, wars were more frequent.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

All of this made it particularly surprising when, in mid-2007, a new gaming system that used much older graphics technology-technology a full two generations behind Sony's bleeding-edge PS3 and Microsoft's Xbox 360-came more or less from out of nowhere to dominate the console business, reducing Sony to a distant, gasping, and surprised second place and shaving billions of dollars from the firm's market value.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

It requires harder truth telling than our leaders are used to and experimentation right up to the very edge of collapse.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

This 'leading edge' strategy was particularly disruptive as the Soviets tried to reinforce losses all across the front.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Only by examining these fractures, by feeling out the rough edges of our old ideology, can we assemble a new theory of how to think about the world.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                                               Resilience acknowl
edges that we can't possibly anticipate or prevent all future dan
 gers any more than you can look at your beautiful newborn child and be certain that it will never catch a cold or break a leg.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

You can see this instinct at work when a secretary of state wings around the world 
to persuade 
enemies into agree
ments or when an American president caucuses with leaders of 
203 
THE AGE OF THE UNTHINKABLE 
 disenfranchised nations as he edges them (he thinks) ever closer to a deal.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

This pushes the opportunity for innovation to the edges of a network, where users reside, instead of leaving it in the hands of some slow-moving, committee-oriented, central
 ized manufacturing center.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

In a way, the most ambitious goal of any international policy-improving as many lives as possible around the world while securing our own safety-is more important than ever.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

The goal of this book is not to give styl
 ized, simple answers-what honest thinker would hope to answer questions that are still being created and that exist outside our current language? Rather, it's to explore a new way to think about problems as they arise, to develop new instincts.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

It is a revolutionary approach for a revolutionary age, one whose goal is a return to real safety and prosperity.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

His goal in 2008 was to draw a few connec
 tions between the complexity of environmental webs and the dangers that lurked in an interconnected financial system.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

In Jervis's mind the heart of the security dilemma was that though all nations sought the common goal of security, they would be unable to actually achieve it.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

The goal was to 'drain the swamp,' as American anti-insurgent planners in Iraq liked to say, to remove the sup
 port for terror.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

The goal was to watch for change, to see how the society was moving and understand that the snap of instant change could come from many surprising places (Gorbachev's regime-shifting 
nomenklatura, 
 for instance, or the combination of air-bag technology and games).
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

The Japanese teachers thought that if the goal was really to understand history, they were better off grading students by their ability to 'show empathy with the historical figures.'
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

If the goal of resilience began to guide our poli
 cies and leaders, it would change a massive national spending program from a mere short-term economic boost into-done properly- a lifesaving security investment.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

They started with an explicit announcement of the goal: to resolve the Israel-Palestine dispute once and for all, a so-called final settlement.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

It would take stability as its ultimate goal and treat the two sides as part of a dynamic system demanding constant vigilance, since a slip into chaos was possible at any moment.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

It's a shift so profound that it evokes the ideas of the American philoso
 pher John David Garcia, who once said that we should reject the notion that increasing human happiness is the most important goal for society.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Our goal now should be to empower as much of the world as we can, even if at times that means encouraging forces that make us uneasy at first glance: political systems that look different from our own, for instance, or economic notions like redistribut
 ing wealth to some of the poorest (and angriest, most polluting, sickest) people on the planet.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

This means placing, right at the heart of our international policy, a goal of giving everyone basic survival rights.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

These approaches to the halt problem became known as 'effects-based operations' because they achieved their goals through mental and physical effects.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

As late as the 1960s those same 10 kilobytes might have moved at 300 bits per second.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                                          At one point in 
Politics Among Nations, 
Morgenthau refers to a story from European history, the so
 called Dresden interview, a famous meeting between Napoleon and Metternich in late June of 1813.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

In the late 1980s, a few years after he had joined IBM, Held began noticing a great deal of discussion among scientists about a conjecture made by a Danish physicist and biologist named Per Bak.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

And badly performing economic and political systems, many far sicker than the USSR in the late 1980s, have been reformed, not overthrown: 1930s America and 1970s China, for instance.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

But the missiles got better, and, starting in the late 1960s, when American planes in Vietnam began falling to these improved SAMs, the United States developed a system of high-speed antiradiation missiles-HARMS-in response.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Thus Europe's gen
 erals opened their campaigns in the late summer of 1914 with the promise that the speed of machine-gun battles meant the Great War would be a fast sprint, concluded by Christmas.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Getting in late, backing a small firm that was essentially a wholesale provider of search services-this was exactly the sort of investment that several decades of experience suggested should be avoided.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

What might be perceived by others as a late entry into something isn't always quite like that.'
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                                                                                                               Change Blind 
In late 2004 Nisbett and two graduate students, Hannah Faye Chua and Julie Boland, set out to recruit a group of fifty gradu
 ate students from around the University of Michigan campus in Ann Arbor.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

For more than a decade, starting in the late 1980s, Tetlock ran studies on what he later called the 'fox and hedgehog differ
 ence' in types of predictions.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

  Scientists call this 'hysteresis
'
' which comes from the Greek word 
hysterein, 
 which means 'to be late'-as in, once a system cascades like this it is too late to do anything about it.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Though Turner redeemed himself in the eyes of Hizb'allah from time to time with a slap at Israel, Hassan's answer to me as we crept back toward Beirut on that steamy late afternoon pretty much summed up his final judgment on Western media and the Arab world: 'Ted Turner,' he shot back with a patient and knowing nod designed to end debate.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

In the late 1980s, after it had forced the United States out of Lebanon, Hizb'allah turned its attention to Israel, which held a ten-mile-wide buffer strip in southern Lebanon, just wide enough, Jerusalem officials hoped, to stop rocket attacks.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

The war was begun with a set of highly inflexible policies based on flawed assumptions-and then updated and changed far too late.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                                                       Remember Simon Levin's observation that complexities tend to accumu
late? That insight clearly didn't inform the thinking of men like Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, who told Con
 gress in February 2003 that 'it's hard to conceive that it would take more forces to provide stability in post-Saddam Iraq than it would take to conduct the war itself.'
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

This last idea, that Iraq would snap back to stability after the war, was exactly the sort of error that adaptive strategic think

194 
THE MANAGEMENT SECRETS OF HIZB'ALLAH 
 ing might have caught before it was too late.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Confidently misleading the public about what intelligence they had was yet another sign-recognized only too late-that those running the war had not only ignored the context but weren't even paying attention 
to 
 the whole of the central image.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Relationships and tools that can be used to manipu
 late a crisis have to be prepared years-sometimes decades-in advance.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

This was called 'cache poisoning,' and it would have made stealing personal information incredibly easy; in most cases users would have little idea what had happened until it was far too late.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

After all, as late as 2008 South African AIDS patients were still dying at a rate of about one every minute.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

'No one knows how many people we employ' 
 In the late 1980s a young Brazilian businessman named Ricardo Semler took over the operation of his family's thirty-year-old marine equipment company, Semco.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Once, over drinks in Japan, a former top executive of Sony told me the story of a long report about how and why Sony had failed in the video-recording business in the late 1970s, when it introduced the Betamax, which was trounced by the VHS tape.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                        The Revolution and You   255 
Acknowledgments 265 Selected Sources   267 Index 277 
 Forgive my vehemence, which has deep causes in my hope for the future.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

What we face isn't one single shift or revolution, like the end of World War II or the collapse of the Soviet Union or a financial crisis, so much as an avalanche of ceaseless change.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Albert Einstein started such a revolution with his theories of relativ
 ity.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Moving into that smaller world required a revolution in thinking, creative concepts so inventive that they appeared at first blush to contradict much of what was assumed to be true in conventional physics.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                                                                                          Condoleezza Rice, as Bush's secre
tary of state, realigned the work of the State Department around the mission of promoting democracy, turning American diplo
mats from mere representatives of their governments into enthu
 siastic franchise peddlers for democratic revolution.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

But, he says in a note, that assumes such nations are free from 'class struggle, revolution, urban violence and civil war'-the very forces that do make history.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

To see the world this way, as a ceaselessly complex and adap
 tive system, requires a revolution.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

The 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran, for example, was a single very knotty event that, in turn, gave birth to hundreds of jihadist groups, each of which developed different methods of terror, particular tech
 niques of attack and destruction, which themselves were always changing and evolving.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

If Bak was right about his theory, it should be as true outside the lab as inside-and that would demand nothing less than a complete revolution in how the sci
 entists around him thought.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

But what matters is that these two effects represent a revolution
 ary change in the physics of power, a change that has to inform every strategy or policy we make from now on.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

              The 
nomenklatura 
were the army offi
 cers, professors, and officials who had managed the day-to-day work of the USSR since the 1917 revolution.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Had the USSR collapsed in the face of a real revolution, like the one that created the Soviet Union in 1917, it would look very different today.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

After all, the mark of a true people's revolution is that the old leaders are shot, exiled, or forgotten.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

In 1899, for instance, the Polish mogul-intellectual Ivan Bloch argued that the combination of the industrial revolution and the machine gun had made war awful beyond contempla
 tion.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

This revolution would be led by information technology-an area in which the United States, with its cease
less loop of IBM-to-Intel-to-Google innovation, had an unas
 sailable advantage.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Unfortunately, the idea of a point-and-shoot military revolution was an illusion.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

As in most every revolution, new technologies benefit revolu
 tionaries the most.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                   If you look at American history, at, for instance, the American Revolution, the War of 
1812, 
the Civil War, the occu
pation of the Philippines, the world wars, the wars in Korea and Vietnam, the interventions in Lebanon in 
1983 
and in Somalia in the early 
1990s, 
and the 
2003 
 invasion of Iraq-all of these conflicts shape-shifted in ways never anticipated when they were begun.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Almost like a collector of great art, she began to col
 lect great talent: Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Pablo Picasso, and a dozen other great names of the revolution that became known as modernism.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

If the Cubist revolution demanded that we look at one thing from multiple perspectives, mashup logic demands that we look at the world as multiple objects mixed in multiple-unpredictable-ways to create totally new objects or situations.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Risk Society 
 The revolution under way around us isn't something we can choose to be a part of or not.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

In this approach to the world, history isn't baked like a cake-three teaspoons revolution and one cup religious strife-but rather emerges from the complex interactions of subjects and environ
 ment.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

The equation was one of those powerful ideas that led to a revolution in thinking.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Begun as a Lebanese Shia opposition group in 1982, Hizb'allah established itself by mixing the Lebanese national distaste for external interference with the political and religious spirit of the Iranian revolution.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                   




254 
CHAPTER ELEVEN 
The Revolution and You 
 1.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

In the perspective of the painting, the lines of the floorboards lead away 
THE AGE OF THE UNTHINKABLE 
THE REVOLUTION AND YOU 
 from the viewer like railway tracks.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

The Demand 
 My friend Li once told me a story from 1967, the very early part of the Cultural Revolution, when he was fifteen or sixteen.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Though the Cultural Revolution was then in full swing, Li and his best 
258 
THE REVOLUTION AND YOU 
 friend had managed, until someone stumbled on those books, to avoid the fury of the local Red Guards, teenaged bullies hopped up on patriotic righteousness.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

             We are liv

260 
THE REVOLUTION AND YOU 
 ing in one of those moments when history is going to reach into each of our lives.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                                                                                                                                                                                It is the optimis

262 
THE REVOLUTION AND YOU 
tic spirit buried, finally, in the answer to the question everyone asks at those moments when history bursts through its diorama case, when it unthinkably appears in front of us, when it threat
 ens much that we cherish.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Revolution fromAhove: The Demise ofthe Soviet System.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

'Toward a Revolution in Intelligence Affairs.'
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

'Evolution or Revolution.'
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

Revolutions, after all, don't produce only los
 ers.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

In this regard it is distinct from, say, the revolutions of the nineteenth century, in which the big challenge for revolutionaries like Marx was how to get people to care enough to act, to get involved.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

The lesson of Miyamoto's success is about the sort of aston
 ishing revolutions that become possible once we start to make our sums using the new math.
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

   In 1848, for example, changes in the urban composition of 
232 
RIDING THE EARTHQUAKE 
Europe and the nature of industrial labor (think Dickens) con
 spired to catalyze economic shifts that triggered continental political revolutions (think Marx).
	The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us And What We Can Do About It

                                  Yet the item in question was frequently included and has a pleasing universality of meaning, and a wealth of comparative evidence attests to the regularity with which out-group deni
gration accompanies in-group glorification (Tajfel and Turner 1979; 1986; Tajfel 1981; but see also Brewer 1999), including such seemingly innocu
ous expressions of patriotism (Reykowski 1997; Schatz, Staub, and Lavine 1999) The remaining items are less controversial, including respondents' opinions on whether employers should give priority to [their national
 ity] over immigrants when jobs are scarce, and indications of whether they chose (from a list of ten groups) 'people of a different race' and 'immigrants/foreign workers' as people they 'would not like to have as neighbors.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

This is a strong and no doubt controversial claim, in need of some strong and incontrovertible evidence: the kind that can only be provided by precisely designed and ran
 domly applied experimental treatments.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

I was especially interested in including these Yugoslav combatants among the comparative set for this analysis, then, not only to make the point regarding how badly we are misled when we fail to distinguish sta
 tus quo conservatism from authoritarianism, but also to emphasize the special explanatory 'edge' of the theory of the authoritarian dynamic.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Now, I have argued that a critical distinction between au
 thoritarians and conservatives is that under certain conditions the former will sacrifice the status quo, will abandon group authorities and norms when they no longer serve the primary goal of enhancing uniformity and minimizing difference.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

         As with the 
MIS99, 
the main goal in the 
CRE95 
 was to compare the impact upon subjects of varying authoritarianism (measured for these students by 'which word appeals to you more') of normative threats and reassurances relative to other kinds of fears and comforts.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          But of course, the larger goal of The Authoritarian Dynamic has been to pro
vide a parsimonious account of general intolerance, one that is capable of explaining intolerance of all manner of difference - of racial diversity, political dissent, and moral deviance - with just one or two fundamental variables, no proper nouns, and no qualifications specific to a particu
 lar time or place.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

But it is worth reporting first on some very 'cut down' analyses of the determinants of our three predispositions (see Table E.7). My goal in these initial analyses was to identify those few fac
 tors that accounted for most of the explained variance in each disposition.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Authoritarians are less conservative if we are changing
Figures
together in pursuit of common goals (MIS99)
181
 6.6
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

         
Illl~i
 
~
;
II
I
III~
 
I~III~II~
 
III
 
 points of their arguments, and to consider all the details of the evidence while still leaving time, space, and energy to achieve the larger goals I have described.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Many items in the RWA scale con
 found authoritarianism with conservatism by failing to distinguish these different motives and goals.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Rather, it was suggesting that while we might have different goals and values, we have a stable society that will endure as a constant as we ease into the next century.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Rather, it was suggesting that we're moving forward at a very fast pace, finding new ways to meet our common goals and values as we speed into the next century.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

It does 
not 
 preclude support for social change, so long as we are changing together in pursuit of common goals.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

And it allowed the increasingly self-regarding constituent republics (soon with their own flags, anthems, and constitutions) to pursue varying goals, which apparently included varying tastes for democracy and capitalism (Cohen 
 1993).
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

What follows, then, are two experimental investigations that expose the highly contingent rela
 tionship between authoritarianism and political conservatism: first, by disaligning authoritarian concern for unity from conservative interest in stability; and second, by altering confidence in the leaders who might be governing and intervening, and the extent of public consensus on the goals of their interventions.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                                             Conditions in 
176 
The Authoritarian Dynamic 10 
Authoritarianism and Conservatism Compared 
which we are 'changing together' in pursuit of common goals ought to please authoritarians (for the unity) but distress status quo conserva
 tives (for the change).
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

The 'stable di
 versity' story reports that we are in a period of 'steady social stability,' and assures us of a 'stable society that will endure as a constant,' but also makes reference to Americans' 'different goals and values,' noting that American society is not necessarily 'pulling together.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

The 'changing together' story says that we are in a period of 'rapid' and 'enormous' social change, in which we are 'moving forward at a very fast pace,' yet also notes that American society is not necessarily 'falling apart,' but 'finding new ways to meet our common goals and values.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                     But conservative inclinations actually diminish authoritarianism in the face of either assurances about a 'sta
ble society that will endure as a constant' despite Americans' 'different goals and values,' or reports of 'rapid' and 'enormous' social change in 
1
79 
The Authoritarian Dynamic 
Authoritarianism and Conservatism Compared 
T
-
~ I 
 -.25
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

pursuit of our 'common goals and values.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

But that inclination toward conservatism is reduced to 36 percentage points upon pondering the apparently rather appealing prospect of Americans 'moving forward at a very fast pace' in pursuit of 'new ways to meet our common goals and values.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Authoritarians are less conservative if we are changing together in pursuit of common goals 
 (MIS99).
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                                                         
















268 
9 

Manning the Barricades: Racism and Intolerance under Conditions o f Normative Threat 


The overarching goals of this work were to develop and test a general theory of intolerance of difference that could explain the most intoler
ance with the merest model, while accounting for both persistent incli
 nations to intolerance, and varying expression of that intolerance under differing conditions.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Rather, it was suggesting that while we might have different goals and values, we have a stable society that will endure as a constant as we ease into the next century.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Rather, it was suggesting that we're moving forward at a very fast pace, finding new ways to meet our common goals and values as we speed into the next century.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

among subjects hearing the reassuring news that 'the American people are starting to agree about more things, and agree much more strongly' ('belief consensus'), that we have 'common goals and values' ('changing together'), or that the presidents generally 'have been leaders in every sense of the word' ('good leadership').
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                      Conversely, nor
mative reassurance - this time, talk of Americans 'moving forward' to
 gether 'to meet our common goals and values' - again serves to muffle the impact of authoritarianism.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

The most authoritarian and libertarian subjects diverge in their manifest expression of racial intolerance by just zo percentage points' with this calming and 'dis-arming' news, com
pared to more than 
50 
 percentage points upon learning of our 'different goals and values.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Thus, nothing more than the subtle suggestion that Americans have 'different goals and values' and are not necessarily 'pulling together' doubles the normal impact
12
  (from .z5
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

more likely when reassured that we are 'moving forward' as one to meet our 'common goals.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Nevertheless, it seems evident that just as authoritarians are reassured, libertarians are a little intrigued by all this 'speeding into the next century' to 'meet our common goals and values.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Conversely, talk of our 'common goals and values' and trustworthy leaders could dramatically diminish, even reverse, the impact of authoritarianism on intolerance, although it did prove much easier to threaten than to reassure, that is, to activate than to deactivate those fundamental predispositions.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

is becoming increasingly divided,' with explicit acknowledgment that such a state of affairs is problematic ('belief diversity'), might actually be less threat
ening than hearing experts blithely accepting-as an innocuous aside in a supposedly positive report about increasing social stability - that Amer
 icans might 'have different goals and values' and are not necessarily 'pulling together' ('stable diversity').
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Like
wise, the explicit assertion that 'public consensus is growing' ('belief consensus') may not prove as reassuring as intended if it contradicts sub
jects' own perceptions and induces a mental review of counterexamples (see Kunda 199o), whereas the report that we are 'moving forward at a very fast pace, finding new ways to meet our common goals and values' ('changing together') implies that 
renewed 
 consensus is right around the corner.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

It does not preclude support for social change, so long as we are changing together in pursuit of common goals.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Many others, too numerous to mention individually, have probed and confronted and inquired and inspired in countless infor
 mal meetings, late night encounters, and unexpected conversations, often over dinner, sometimes over wine, and more wine.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                               If the elements of this functional system cohere because they are jointly serving certain needs for the individual, then the predisposition should be activated, should regu
late behavior, and should produce its characteristic outcomes only when needed, that is, under conditions of normative threat: disobedience to leaders or unworthy leaders; nonconformity to norms or questionable norms; lack of consensus in group values and beliefs; diversity and free
 dom 'run amok.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

I 
 While almost all returns were received by the close of April, a smattering of late returns came in over the following few months.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                        THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION EXPERIMENT 
1995 
In late 1995, 1 designed and conducted the CRE95 (see Appendix C) for varying purposes in collaboration with Stanley Feldman (who is not re
 sponsible for any of the analyses or interpretations presented here).
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

The push toward liberalization had actually been under way as far back as the late 
1950s, 
bearing some early fruits with the enactment of a new constitution in 
1960, 
and a considerable easing in 
1963 
of controls on the press, educa
 tion, and cultural life in general, as well as some devolution of power to local authorities.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                                      And the belief that blacks vio
late core American values regarding individual self-sufficiency, hard work, and self-reliance is said to be the primary means by which racial animos
ity, or 'racial resentment,' is expressed in the modern era, since 'old
fashioned' or 'traditional' racism - aversion to interracial contact, and beliefs about the innate inferiority of blacks - can no longer be comfort
 ably expressed in `polite' society (McConahay 1986; Sears 1988; Kinder and Sanders 1996; Bobo, Kluegel, and Smith 1997).
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Thus, authoritarians and libertarians interviewed as data collection wound up in late April 
1982 - 
 a period of unusual public discord, judging by great variance in the opinions expressed by respondents at that time - would generally adopt far more distinctive stances toward minorities, dissidents, and deviants than similarly predisposed respondents interviewed amid the relative equanimity apparently prevailing as interviews got under way in late February of the following year.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                                                                                                                       I managed to iso
late and measure that predisposition in such a way as to avoid confounds with the attitudes and behaviors that we want to explain: a previously inescapable tautology that has plagued prior theory and research, reduc
 ing confidence in the value of the concept and the validity of empirical findings.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                  Contents 






List 
of 
Tables   page xii 
List 
of 
Figures   xiv 
Acknowledgments   xvii 
1   
Introduction: The Authoritarian Dynamic   
1 
The Concept 
of 
Authoritarianism   z 
The Philosophy o 
f 
the Book   6 
Data, Methods, Models, and Literature: What to Expect   7 
Organization 
of 
the Book   
10 
z   Kindred Spirits, Common Spark: The Theory of the Authoritarian Dynamic 
Unresolved Issues 
Societal Threat and 
Authoritarianism 
Threat and Constraint in the Intolerance Domain 
3 
Manipulating Threat and Reassurance: Data and Methods 
The Durham Community Survey 1997 
The Multi-Investigator Study 2999 
The Cultural Revolution Experiment 1995 
13 14 
1
5 33 
37 38 44 48 
4 
The Authoritarian Dynamic and the Politics of Fear: 
Putting the Pieces of the Puzzle Together   
51 
The Authoritarian Dynamic: An Initial Demonstration   51 
Addressing Likely Misconceptions 
of 
the Theory   68 
Stability and Constraint   76 
What Have We Learned?   80 
Contents
Contents
5 Authoritarianism and Conservatism across Cultures
85
Cognitive Capacity
234
Authoritarianism, Status Quo Conservatism, and
Uneasy Conclusions
136
Laissez-Faire Conservatism
86
8 One Right Way: Fleshing Out the Portrait
239
Authoritarianism :/~ Conservatism
89
Racial Animosity, Prejudice, and Discrimination
zoo
Authoritarianism versus Status Quo Conservatism in
Ethnocentrism, Patriotism, and Politics
250
Western Europe
95
Morality and Discipline, Crime and Punishment
256
Authoritarianism versus Status Quo Conservatism in
Conclusion: Two Distinguished Characters
265
Eastern Europe
io6
A Common Source and a Universal Process
115
9 Manning the Barricades: Racism and Intolerance under
Measurement Error and the Apparently Varying Influence
Conditions of Normative Threat
269
of Authoritarianism
116
The Costs of a Narrow Perspective
170
A Parsimonious Account of General Intolerance of Difference
iz8
Difference-ism: The Generality and Primacy o f Aversion
Explaining the Explanatory Gap
135
to Difference
276
The Future of Intolerance
136
Experimental Manipulation of the Authoritarian Dynamic
281
Activation o f the Predisposition under Normative Threat
184
6 Authoritarianism and Conservatism: How They Differ
Enhanced Effects of Authoritarianism under Normative
and When It Matters
138
Threat
z88
Prior Research on the Origins of Authoritarianism and Status
Racial Intolerance
z89
Quo Conservatism
140
Political Intolerance
298
Prior Research on the Origins of Laissez-Faire Conservatism
151
Moral Intolerance
302
Simple Models of Authoritarianism and Conservatism
155
Punitiveness
3o6
A Fully Specified Model of Authoritarianism and Status
Overview o f Findings
309
Quo Conservatism
158
Replication on Survey Data: Varying Public Discord across
Nature or Nurture? Identical Germanies Reared Apart
 162.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                            3 

Manipulating Tbreat and Reassurance: Data and Methods 


Most of the empirical investigations to follow draw upon three different data collections-the 
Durham Community Survey 1997 (DCS97), 
the 
Multi
Investigator Study 1999 (MIS99), 
and the 
Cultural Revolution Experiment x995 (CRE95) - 
for which I was fortunate to be among the original inves
 tigators.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Whereas the term 'conservatism' at least has the minimal virtue of retaining in ordinary language one of those meanings - a ten
 dency to oppose change - that are typically ascribed to it, the right/left terminology originates in nothing more meaningful or enduring than the seating arrangements of monarchists and antimonarchists in legislative assemblies during the French Revolution.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

should surely be reluctant to desert the principles that have been at the core of the civic culture since the French Revolution.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

               While the regime's official response was the imposition of even stricter controls, this stunning declaration-widely disseminated and popularly supported
clearly resonated with a persistent cultural bent that would survive two decades of occupation and Soviet-backed repression to culminate in the 'Velvet Revolution' of 
1989: 
 the extraordinary grassroots groundswell that brought about the swift and peaceful dismantling of the Czechslovak communist regime.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

A COMMON SOURCE AND A UNIVERSAL PROCESS 
 The more general point I wish to make, of course, is that ultimately we need not resort to particularistic accounts referencing the history of the Balkans (or the Velvet Revolution, or the Reformation), the peculiar propensities or traditions of different peoples and cultures, or simmering ethnic tensions kept in check by charismatic leaders.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

But they do not, and in any case, sur
 vey data are rarely collected in the midst of the infrequent 'authoritarian revolution.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

While these experimental manipulations may seem subtle, it should be clear that an amplified version of the choice between 'stable diversity' and 'changing together' is, in essence, the choice between modern liberal democracy and authoritarian revolution.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                       These striking contingencies in the relationship between authoritarian
ism and conservatism are demonstrated even more starkly in the Cultural Revolution Experiment 1995, in which subjects this time read for them
 selves a rather lengthy (unbeknownst to them, fictitious) newspaper article conveying some kind of threatening news, with two of those (randomly assigned) articles again intended to effect the critical normative threats of belief diversity and bad leadership.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

And they most definitely will not be 'on board' for the authoritarian revolution unless the uncertainty and instability that that promises seem no worse than that which they currently confront.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                             It is these deeply resonant cultural values (Myrdal 
1944) 
that were 'accessed' and employed in the civil rights revolution of the 
196os 
(McClosky and Zaller 
1984; 
Schuman, Steeh, and Bobo 
1985; 
Kinder and Sanders 
1996), 
which formally secured equal status under the law for Americans of all races, including equal treatment in employ
ment, public accommodations, and federally funded programs (via the Civil Rights Act of 
1964), 
as well as equal access to electoral registra
tion and voting (via the Voting Rights Act of 
 1965).
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Those by nature averse to change should find the 'shining path' to the 'glorious future' far more frightening than exciting, and can be expected to defend faithfully any established order - including one of institutionalized respect for difference and protection of individual freedom - against 'authoritarian revolution.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Reflections on the French Revolution.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

'Toward a Theory of Revolution.'
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

           Hartz, L. 1955 The 
Liberal Tradition 
in America: An Interpretation 
of 
American Political 
Thought 
 since the Revolution.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western 
 Publics.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                                                        palpnil0p wsurenenfoyne Lz£ `981 
`£gi'gZi-LLi `uounlonal uenelrloyfne 
Index 
Index 
belief diversity 
as exogenous variable, 41-43, 69-70, 71-7z, 112-113,124-125,313-315, 317,323,326 
experimental manipulation of, 45-47, 50-51, 55, 64, 18o-i83, 268, 
z7
6-2
77,
2
8z
-
z83,
2
86,
2
94, 300-303, 308, 309
-
310, 320-321 explicit versus implicit reports of, 283, 309-310 
increases authoritarianism's impact on intolerance, rz3-xz5,rz7-128, 292, 294, 297, 300-303, 305, 308, 309, 3
16-
3
1
9,3
2
3
-
3
2
4 
increases authoritarianism's impact on moral intolerance, 3oz-303, 
305 
increases authoritarianism's impact on political intolerance, 300-302 increases authoritarianism's impact on punitiveness, 308 
increases authoritarianism's impact on racial intolerance, z9z, 294, 297 
as key normative threat, 
11-1z, 
17, 18, zo, z6, 28, 31, 3z, 33, 40, 71
-
74, 
rlz-114, 178-179, 180-183, 
276
-
z77,283,309,3z3,3z6 maximized by U.S. political system, 
332
-
333 
measurement of, 40-41, 113-114, 123, 183,313
-
315 
natural experience of, irz-114, 123-125, 183, 313
-
315, 335 
in Yugoslavia, 113 
see also belief consensus; normative reassurance; normative threat Britain, 95-98, 333 
Cambodia, 27 
capital punishment, see punitiveness censorship, see moral intolerance; political intolerance 
change versus difference, see experiment, difference versus change 
childrearing, as origin of authoritarianism, 1,3,148-I49,172 childrearing values 
development of measures of, 24 as manifest expression of latent predisposition, 79, 8o, ii 7-ir8, 284-285,z86-288 
as measure of authoritarianism, z3-25, 39, 57, 79, 82-83, 91, 118-119, 133, 161, 165, 172-173, 195, 199, 103, 237, 265
-
266, 312, 3
1
5, 325 
reflect fundamental values, 24, 82-83, 
g1, izg, 161, 165, 195 
reflect values, not childrearing practices, 
z4, 161, 165, 172-173 
reflect values, not political attitudes, 24, 
81-83, 91, 129 
reflect values, not upbringing, 24, 172-173 
reliability of measures of, 284 
seealso authoritarianism, measurement of 
civil liberties, see free speech; political intolerance 
class 
and authoritarianism, 157, 160-161, 169, 172, 173, 174 
and breadth of perspective, 148, 160, 271 
and intolerance, 128, 148, zoo closed-mindedness, 16, 144, 147 see also authoritarianism, cognitive ' incapacity as origin of 
cognitive factors, see authoritarianism, cognitive incapacity as origin of; closed-mindedness 
common in-group identity model, 281, 
3
2
9
-
33
0
 
see also out-groups, changing conceptions of 
comparative analysis, 89, 
go-g1, 
95, 98, 99,100,101,101-103,1o4,ro5-108, tog, fro-111, 
[1t, 
1x5-ri6, 
128-134 
conscientiousness, see authoritarianism, personality as origin of consensus, see belief consensus conservatism, 
it 
confusion of authoritarianism with, 85, 89, 136
-
137,138
-
139, 140 
distinct meanings of, 86 distinguished from authoritarianism, 174-186, 198, 269, 281, 283 
as label with confused and shifting content, 88-89, 138-139, 140, 163, 166,A6-A7,188,195 
measures that fail to distinguish, 88-89, 138-139, 140, 
1
44, 
1
45, 150, 166, 195 as psychological predisposition versus political ideology, 87, 88, 138-139, 166,i67-i6g,174-175,186-188, 
195, 327 
as psychological predisposition versus political philosophy, 86, 88 self-placement measures of, 88-89, 140, '53, 163, 164-165, 166, 167-169, 186-187, 188, 189, 195, 278 
see also laissez-faire conservatism; political conservatism; right wing; status quo conservatism 
constraint, see attitudinal constraint content analysis, 83 
CRE95, 37, 44, 4
8-
51, 53
-
56, 64-65, 67-68, 175, 179, 181-183, 276-z8z, 284, 286-287, 288, 289, 295-298, 300-302,305-306,308-309,310-311, 312, 3zo-321 
crime 
effects of experience of, 3z, 41, 58, 68 and punt tiveness, 310-311, 335 
see also punitiveness 
Croatia, to6, iii-tiz, 113, 114, 115 seealso Serbia; Yugoslavia 
Cultural Revolution Experiment 1995, see CRE95 
culture war, 324 
Czechoslovakia, tog-rto, u5, 162 
dangerous world perceptions, 64 
and authoritarianism, 69-70, 71-7z as endogenous variable, 69-70, 71-7z as function of authoritarian dynamic, 64-66, 69-70 
measurement of, z8 
and normative threat, z9, 64-66, 69-70, 
71-7z 
as persistent belief versus current perception, z8, 69-70, 71-72 and RWA scale, 28 
damsels, 37 
DCS97, 37, 38
-
44, 56
-
59, 65-66, 68, 81, 170-173, 183, 199 DCS-InDepth97, 
i1, 
39, 83, 198, 199-zoz 
aggressive language in, 
zz1 
anti-democratic attitudes in, z5o, 253
-
254,267 
anxiety in, zr2-213, zz5-zz8, 266 automated coding of transcripts from, 218-zi9, azz 
awareness of racial norms in, z4o-z44, 255 
behavior confirmation in, 246-237 blindness in, t99-zoo, zoz, 114, zr6, 
ZZz, 
223, 234, 236-237, 239 characteristics of the discussion in, 214-z21,a66-267 
coding of interview transcripts from, 
22
Z
-
z
2
3,
2
39 
cognitive complexity of discussion in, 214-218,234-z36,z66 
cognitive deterioration around blacks in, zr6-218,266 
comfort with racial topics in, 228-229, 266 
connections between race and crime in, 240, 244
-
245, 258
-
z6r, 266 
content analysis of, 83 
critique of family breakdown in, 256, 264-265 
denial of racial discrimination in, zoo, 
248
-
249,266 
dishonesty in, 212-213, 1z6-2z8 distinctive themes of discussion in, 215, 218-zzi,z66-267 
distrust in, 211-212, 266 ethnocentrism in, 250-252 examines natural behavior, igg, 
2
o3
-2
o4, 237-238, 239, 265 fears about moral decay in, 256, 261-263, 264, 267 
government to restore moral values in, 
256,263-264,267-268 
intelligence in, 213-214, 234-236, 266 interview questions for, 201, 239 interview transcripts from, zoz, 214-2z1 interviewer logsheets from, zor-zoz, 
zu,zzz 
measures of cognitive complexity in, 216 
measures of discussion themes in, 
218-219 
moral relativism versus reification in, z62-z63,z67 
morally intolerant attitudes in, 2511-265, 267-268 
opinions on interracial contact in, zoo, 244, 247
-
248 
patriotism in, 243-252, 254, 266-267 personality differences evident in, 214, zz9
-
234,z66 
political disengagement in, 250, 253 politically intolerant attitudes in, 250-256,266-267 
preconceived rating scales in, 201, zoz, z05, zo8 
punitive attitudes in, 256, z5g-z6o, 264 quantification of qualitative data from, zzz-zz3, 239 
race-of-interviewer experiment in, 
1t, 
39,83,199,203-204,237 
racial stereotypes in, zoo, 144-245, 258-z6i, 266 
racially intolerant attitudes in, 140-249, 255, 266 
reactions to black interviewers in, zo6-208,zlz-213,z14,zi6-218, 221, z23-229, 231-234, 240, 258-z6o, 266 
reluctance to air the dirty laundry in, 212, zzq 453, 254-255, 257
-
258, 263 role of interview partner in, tot, zo8 role of primary interviewer in, zoo-zo1, 204-zo5, zo8 
358 
359 
Index 
Index 
 DCS-InDepth97 (coat.)
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

I trust by now the reader is persuaded that it makes little sense to tally up respondents' attitudes regarding civil rights; free speech and public disorder; pornography, cen
 sorship, and moral regulation; crime, sentencing, and imprisonment; and then call the sum total the 'explanatory' variable.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Different origins would suggest the predispositions have fundamen
tally different natures, and may compel different conclusions regarding matters of great theoretical and practical interest, including the change
ability of those dispositions and the persuadability of those so disposed; our capacity to alter those dispositions by means of socialization and education; the volatility or irrationality or ferocity of their 'products'; and whether those inclinations would respond to various changes in objec
 tive conditions.
	The Authoritarian Dynamic

Four weeks earlier, thanks to an intensely controversial ruling of the United States Supreme Court, he becomes the first candidate in 124 years to lose the popular vote and still become president.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Bill Clinton's controversial comments damaged his wife's candidacy and her absence discouraged some white voters who might otherwise have come out for her.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Although Wright's controversial sermons were readily available, no one on Obama's staff ordered up a thorough search of their content.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

No one flagged headquar
 ters that he had said something potentially controversial.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     He was interviewed by Bill Moyers on PBS on April 
25, 
feted at an NAACP dinner in Detroit two days later, and 
THE DEMOCRATS 
Politics in Black and White 
on Monday, April 28, spoke to a breakfast gathering at the National Press Club, where he declined to take back his most controversial comments about how the United States brought the 9/11 attacks on itself, praised the Nation of Islam leader the Reverend Louis Parrakhan, saying, 'He didn't put me in chains,' and, in a final thrust, dismissed Obama as a typi
 cal politician.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Bush's poli
 cies proved too conservative and controversial for many moderates and Independents, but not sufficiently effective in exercising stronger control of the federal government to satisfy many in the Republican base.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Immigration, like health care and energy policy, was an example of how difficult it is to achieve public consensus on a controversial issue.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The media's role in politics always has been, and always should be, controversial.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Off to the side, in a wheelchair, after hurting his back lifting boxes, was the outgoing vice president, Dick Cheney, controversial to the end, the result of a series of exit interviews in which he defended the administration's actions.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

196   THE DEMOCRATS 
 Despite the huge crowds, the momentum, and a sense of inevitability, Obama was once again losing his edge.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Both were on the edge of exhaustion, but her days were lon
 ger and her perseverance greater.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Penn wrote, 'That is where the extra several hundred thousand votes were 
 to win this election, and once we did not take him on early with them, his edge in these groups produced his solid wins from Super Tuesday through Wisconsin.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

In that test, Obama had the edge.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Then he let fly from the edge of the three-point line.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

McCain and Palin were now drawing 
 huge and enthusiastic crowds while Obama was doing small events-and losing the edge in intensity that had been so much a part of his primary campaign.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

When the debate was over, nearly all polls gave Obama a decisive edge, USA Today/Gallup by 52 to 35 percent.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Six days later, back in Washington, she told reporters at a press conference, 'The president's team is pursuing a failed strategy in Iraq as it edges closer to collapse, and Afghanistan needs more of our concerted effort and attention.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Cars overflowed the school parking lot and were illegally left along snowbanks or on the edges of intersections.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

His goal was to propel 
Audacity 
to the top of the best
 seller lists, Obama told his aides.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Her goal will be two: to suggest that she has the beef, while we offer only sizzle; and that she is not about the past but the future.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Before turning full attention to 2008, she had one overriding goal: winning reelec
 tion as impressively as possible in 2006.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Our goal in this first quarter is to show we have the muscle to win-to live up to the financial expectations.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Barnhart recalled later his goal was to explain to them 'basically just say, `Look, with the current resources, this is what we think we can deliver.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

At that point, the goal was to prevent an Obama blowout on Tuesday.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

He had a third goal: 'candidly, just survive it.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The goal was admirable, even if ultimately unmet: to reverse the trend toward earlier and earlier presidential campaigns, with earlier and earlier outcomes.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

She tried to fight back against Obama on health care, ac
 cusing him of putting forth a plan that fell short of the Democratic goal of universal coverage.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

His most urgent goal was to explain his relationship to a minister whose words were so at odds with the tone and message of his own campaign.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

210 
 Obama's goal had been to keep her victory margin well below the ten points by which she had won Ohio.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

That was our goal ...
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

'Our goal was to try to bring some of that discipline to John's world.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

In the immediate aftermath of the implosion, McCain's advisers had only one goal: to preserve his dignity and salvage his reputation.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

His next major goal was to deepen his appeal as the candidate of the religious right by impressing the participants at the 
October 'Values Voters' conference in Washington hosted by the conser
 vative Family Research Council.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Taking the microphone where her New York State delegation was seated, she said, 'In the spirit of unity, with the goal of victory, let's declare together in one voice, right here, right now, that Barack Obama is our candidate and he will be our president.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The one-term pledge would add an exclamation point to this message, allowing McCain to argue that his administration would have but one goal: to clean up a toxic political system in Washington and take on the most intractable issues that had resisted solution without having to worry about how it might affect his reelection.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Their goal was to keep Palm under wraps until the moment she stepped onto the stage in Dayton.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

(Three weeks later, that immense bailout hadn't achieved its goal; the Fed was forced to increase its AIG loans to nearly $123 billion.)
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Their goal was to bank as many votes as possible before election day-especially voters who were newly registered or had participated only sporadically in the past.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Plouffe's goal of expanding the electoral map had worked brilliantly.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The committee also signaled that it 
 Later, Plouffe said, 'As we began to figure out February 5th, it was clear that we had two goals: try to win as many states as we could, try to win as many delegates as we could.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election


 By late 2006, Barack Obama was already the most exciting presidential candidate of either party.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Between sessions in the Illinois Senate, working late at night, or even taking refuge in the Capitol men's room, Obama kept scribbling away on scraps of paper to set down his thoughts and finally turned them into a speech draft.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

In late summer, he accepted an invitation from Tom Harkin to speak at the Iowa senator's annual steak fry in September.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Obama, who liked to write late into the night, delivered a draft of his speech to his advisers about 4 a.m.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The late Molly Ivins, the tart-penned Texas liberal, saw her as a combination of 'triangula
 tion, calculation and equivocation,' and the Reverend Jerry Falwell, before he died, told us she was a liberal 'ideologue.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election


 Clinton resisted any public talk of a candidacy, but in late summer 2006 her advisers began putting together the machinery for a White House bid, starting with the team that had carried her into the Senate.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The former governor had declared his candidacy for president in late 
2006, 
the first major Dem
 ocrat to do so.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The Clintons were more than an hour late-Bill in a bright yellow shirt, Hillary in a bold pink jacket and blouse.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

'Then you couldn't get him not to make one in December, when it was too late.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

It was enough, it was just too late.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

I just think it was too little too late.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Then it's too late to do anything about it, some
 one remembered Penn responding.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Obama did not arrive until after 1 1 p.m., just in time to make the late newscasts, his voice by now hoarse.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Obama had a light schedule on election day: a late start, a big rally at Dartmouth, quiet time until the returns came in, finally the victory speech that was already in good shape.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Late in the afternoon, Hillary was resting at her hotel in Concord when her New Hampshire team got wind of preliminary exit polls showing Obama ahead by nine points.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election


 Late on the afternoon of the New Hampshire primary, Hillary Clinton knocked on Solis Doyle's hotel door.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

A late poll helped shape perceptions of the race in ways that played to Obama's benefit.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

In the late fall, the phone calls intensified.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

                      In late December, a 
2003 
tape recording of Obama made while he was 
Clash of Dynasties   
171 
 still in the Illinois Senate became public.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

By the late spring of 2007, it became clear there was a mad dash among the states to schedule events on February 5, and all the campaigns were obsessed with the demands of Super Tuesday.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

There was a meeting in the late summer at Mark Penn's house at which the electoral calendar was under discussion.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

By late fall, Obama had paid staff in sixteen of the twenty-two February 5th states.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election


 Late on the night of February 1, Obama's campaign touched down in Boise.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Late into the night the tide began to shift.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Accounts describe a surreal gathering that began 
 '' late in the day and went on until late in the night.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

It sounded like something 
 '; Bill Clinton might have done in a series of speeches late in his presidency.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

As Hidalgo County Judge J. D. Salinas told an Obama adviser who called seeking an endorsement, 'It's too late.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Most began very early in the morning and almost always stretched late into the night.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

When it was over, Obama had some time to relax before a late-night visit to a factory.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Her success came too late.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Imagine if she had branded him out of touch in Iowa when Obama said 'has anyone seen the price of arugula lately at Whole Foods?' We did not take the offensive until too late in the game.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

By late 2006, McCain faced a wholly different political reality, as the country turned against Bush and the war and support for withdrawing troops increased.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

It was late in the afternoon and outside dusk had fallen.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

He had been with the senator since the late 1980s, an almost accidental hire who rose to become McCain's top aide in the Senate office.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

His was a late-state strategy.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The arithmetic behind a late-state strategy made some sense, given the rules of the Republican Party.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Giuliani's late-state strategy always came with an asterisk.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

As his campaign manager, Mike DuHaime, later ex
 plained, 'It was more intended to be a New Hampshire, Florida, February 5th strategy, rather than simply a late-state strategy, but unfortunately that is not how it worked out.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

If Romney had an early
 state strategy and Giuliani had a late-state strategy, Huckabee had a one-state strategy: Iowa.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

In the late fall, a staffer at headquarters e-mailed a staffer in Iowa, noting that Huckabee was doing six events the next day and Ron Paul three.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

'Can I have a round of applause?' he asked plaintively 
In late summer, 
Newsweek 
 ran a cover story about Thompson with the headline 'Lazy Like a Fox?' The message: Watch out for the wily Thompson.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Lacy later concluded the campaign was doomed almost from the begin
 ning, that few of the late mistakes mattered much.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

One conservative strategist volunteered to us late in the year that the more he saw of Romney, the less he liked him.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

'It's never too late to do the right thing,' he said solemnly Then, to derisive laughter, he proceeded to show the ad to the reporters.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The punctual president was in a jovial mood and did a little soft-shoe dance for 
 reporters as he waited on the steps of the North Portico for the late-arriving McCain.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Giuliani s late-state strategy had backfired.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Now, as the primaries were ending late in May, the politics of 2008 had become even more uncertain.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

But of late, it's more upsetting to see him do things that diminish her.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Obama's problem was his sheer exhaustion, the fatigue of his top advisers, and his late start, owing to the long nomination battle.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Plouffe had hoped the nomination battle would be wrapped up by late spring, giving his successor time to make a smooth transition for the gen
 eral election.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Obama was exhausted by the time he reached the King David Hotel in Jerusalem late that night.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Late in the afternoon, he took a helicopter ride across the narrow coun
 try to the town of Sderot, which sat just miles from the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Hours later, after Obama's meetings ended, he, David Axelrod, and speechwriter Jon Favreau met late in the afternoon in a room at the Westin Hotel, for his first chance to rehearse his speech before them.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Twenty minutes into the flight she was handed a phone-book-sized packet of materials by Davis White, John McCain's director of advance, who had slipped into Alaska late Monday night to oversee the secret journey.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

If we pick a traditional candidate and run a really good race, Schmidt told Mark Salter late one night, we still lose.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Though it was late, Palin still had a long night ahead of her.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

As late as the third week of August, the vetting team was still working hard to finish 
330 
 Lieberman's background checks, questionnaire, and personal interview with Culvahouse.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

But it was too little too late against the backdrop of the financial crisis and the weight of our difficulties.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

The clothes story dogged her to the end of her campaign, providing more fodder for the late-night comedians.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

In late October, Politico's Jeanne Cummings broke the story of Palm's wardrobe.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

He was still shaking out the cobwebs from a late night of karaoke with Schmidt and some reporters in a nearby bar.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

By late October battle
 ground state polls were moving dramatically in his direction.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Late that night, Obama drew twenty-five thousand at the University of Cincinnati's football stadium.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

It was then that Obama and his aides could begin to see the mammoth crowd spread out in the park, filling every corner-between eighty and ninety thousand people, which Joel Achenbach of the 
Washington Post 
 called 'an artificial lake of humanity' Obama was nearly ninety minutes late but the crowd was eagerly awaiting him however long it took.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Both Clinton and Sarah Palin endured withering criticism, whether in the media or as the target of late-night comics.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

                                                                                                                                                                           93,190-99,212-13,215-24,227,236, 238, 282, 386 
ads of, 113, 122, 149, 151, 191, 195, 197 African-Americans and, 4, 157, 158, 159, 166,167,175-76,193 
on Armed Services Committee, 46 autograph signing of, 212-13 Baltic trip of, 46 
Bosnian trip of, 207, 208 Bush and, 77, 78, 80, 82, 96 campaign breakdown, 146-54, 183, 190-92, 198,207 
campaign withdrawal proposal and, 150 change issue and, 85, 191, 222 Chicago summit meeting, 114-16 
on civil rights movement, 158-59, 168, 173 concession speech of, 154 
consecutive losses of, 190 Coulter and, 285 
in crying incident, 137-38, 142, 144, 150, 191, 197, 382 
in debates, 81-84, 90, 95-99, 134-35, 142, 161-63,187,192-95,208 -9, 9,224 decision to run for president, 49-50 
at Democratic convention, 314, 317-18 end of campaign, 216-19, 221, 315 evil men question and, 71, 72, 103 focus groups and, 115-16 
fund-raising and spending of, 91, 94, 96, 113, 152-53,186,198,215 
gasoline taxes and, 212 
gender issue and, 62, 85, 98, 102, 103, 157, 176, 187, 222, 293, 338, 376, 377, 382, 383 
health care and, 47, 73-74, 85-86, 103, 114, 140, 170, 194, 197, 222, 293, 318 Henry's memo to, 108-9 
housing crisis and, 348 immigration issue and, 97-99, 120 Indiana and, 212-14, 215, 218 Iowa and, 71, 72, 76, 84-85, 87, 88, 100-103,105-10,111-27,129-33,135, 136, 147, 150, 152, 158, 168, 172, 186, 219, 222, 223, 278 
Iraq War and, 41, 51, 52, 74-82, 101, 103, 114, 174, 186, 264, 284 
at Jefferson Jackson Dinner, 119 Kennedy and, 169-78 
Lewis and, 167-68, 175 lobbyists and, 90, 96, 223 McCain and, 41, 46, 264, 265 Maine and, 154 
403 
Middle East trips of, 52, 77 
negative campaigning by, 121-22, 126-27, 136, 157, 158, 162, 176, 293 
Nevada and, 147, 150, 152, 157, 161, 176, 186 
New Hampshire and, 83, 129-45, 146, 147, 150,153,158,168,172-73,197,218,281 Obama endorsed by, 218-19, 314, 315, 318 at Chama inauguration, 388 
Obama on, 379 
as Obama running mate, 315 Obama's acceptance speech and, 323 and Chama's nomination by acclamation, 318-19 
Ohio and, 192, 194, 196-99, 210, 216, 218-20 
Palin on, 338 
Penn's memo and advice to, 45, 50-52, 102 Pennsylvania and, 209-10, 218 
phone calling and, 113 
political identity of, 47-48, 140 
polls and, 87, 88, 89, 93, 100, 101, 102, 114, 115,117,121,123,135-36,157,165, 184, 211, 214 
presidential candidacy announced by, 53, 71,102 
primaries and caucuses as viewed by, 186 problem-solving message of, 191 
race issue and, 173-76, 178 Richardson and, 204, 205 
on Saturday 
Night 
Live, 196-97 Senate campaigns of, 45, 47, 71, 91 as senator, 45-46, 49, 113-14 
Solis Doyle's relationship with, 151, 154 South Carolina and, 83, 152, 156-68, 187, 192,219 
speeches of, 72-74 
Super Tuesday and, 116, 147, 149, 152, 153, 156,158,163,179-89,218 
tensions between Charm and, 315-16 terrorism and, 82, 83 
Texas and, 192-97, 199, 216, 218-20 voters'views of, 58, 62-64, 98, 113, 114, 117,135,138,142,292-94 Clyburn, James, 81, 159, 167 
CNN, 89, 91, 163, 192, 242, 270, 274, 349 Cody, Ken, 132 
Cohen, Alan, 293-96 Coll, Steve, 307 Collamore, Tom, 272 college students, 64--65, 124, 129, 184 Colombia, 207 
Colorado, 66, 180, 185-86, 306, 369, 371 Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, 169 
Commission on Presidential Nomination Timing and Scheduling, 180 
404 
Concord, N.H., 6-7, 39-42, 84-85, 131 Concord High School, 139 
Concord Monitor, 276 Connecticut, 187, 240, 266 conservatism, 64-65, 229-32, 377 Contract with America, 229 Cook, Rhodes, 371 
Cooper, Ann Nixon, 374-75 Coulter, Ann, 285 
Council on Foreign Relations, 240 Count, Katie, 308 
Palin interviewed by, 353-57 CPAC (Conservative Political Action Conference), 244, 285 
Craig, Greg, 300 Crawford,Jerry 126 creationism, 270, 333 Crist, Charlie, 267, 284-85, 328, 365 Cracker, Ryan, 263, 307 
Culinary Workers' Union, 150, 157 Culvahouse, A. B., 327, 329-30, 332-34 Cummings, Jeanne, 359 
Cuomo, Andrew, 173 
Daily Show udth fan Stewart, 
The, 
61, 353, 356 Daley, Richard J., 151 
Darfur, 357 
Daschle, Tom, 27, 29, 38 David, Matt, 258 
Davis, Fred, 330 
Davis, Rick, 44, 249-51, 256, 258, 260, 302, 327-33,335,339,340,347-48,361 Palin and, 358, 359 
Dean, Howard, 51, 117 death penalty, 65 
debate, in democracy, 385-86 debates, 81-84, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95-99 Clinton in, 81-84, 90, 95-99, 134-35, 161-63,187,192-95,208-9,224 Huckabee in, 269-70 
McCain/Obama, 347-49,353,362,364-65 in New Hampshire, 134-35, 142, 159, 280-81 
Obama in, see Obama, Barack, in debates problems with, 384 
between Republican candidates, 280-81 Romney in, 280-81 
in South Carolina, 161-63 Delaware, 187, 266 Delgado, Robert, 327, 332 democracy, 385-86 
Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, 179 
Democratic Leadership Council (DEC), 47-48 Democratic National Committee (DNC), 72, 78, 107-8, 180-82, t93 
Democratic National Convention (2004), 22-25 
Index 
Democratic National Convention (2008), 314-24,326,330 
Democratic Party, 12, 18, 66, 119, 231, 232, 243, 282, 296 
Clinton and, 51, 76-78, 80, 81 Congress controlled by, 64, 253 congressional control lost by, 86 in Iowa, 102, 105, 106, 108 
Iraq War and, 76, 77 McCain and, 38, 235, 243 in Nevada, 161 
Obama and, 22, 372 
in South Carolina, 156, 164 Democratic voters, 57-662, 64, 233, 305 demographics of, 133-34 
and Obama's comments on Reagan, 162 Reagan, 231 
Dennehy, Mike, 40,275-76 Dennehy, Sarra, 40 Denver Post, 314 
Depression, Great, 12, 345, 346, 346n, 350, 351,386 
Des Moines Register, 88, 102, 111, 121, 123, 153,279 
Diaz, Danny, 258 DiBartolomeo, Lisa, 192 Dillon, Jen O'Malley, 366 Dobson, James, 38 
Dodd, Chris, 10, 11, 80, 81, 89, 97, 134, 182 
Kennedy and, 169, 170, 173 Douglas, Stephen A., 33 Douglass, Frederick, 144 Dowd, Maureen, 315 
Dow Jones Industrial Average, 11, 350, 351, 387 
Draper, Robert, 251, 258, 333 
Dreams 
from My Father: A Story of Race and 
Inheritance 
(Obama), 4, 20, 28, 30, 159, 304 
DuBois, Josh, 202 
DuHaime, Mike, 237, 266, 302 Dukakis, Michael, 232 Dunham, Madelyn, 368-70 Dunn, Anita, 210, 304, 343-44 Durbin, Dick, 29 
Easley, Mike, 212 
economy, 59, 61, 64, 66, 67, 136, 205-6, 211, 236,270,281-82,291,297-98,301,303, 316,353 
financial bailout plan, 345-52 
financial crisis, 11-12, 345-46, 353, 358, 362, 376, 386, 387 
McCain and, 347, 353, 354, 364 Edwards, Elizabeth, 10, 73, 114, 170, 216n Edwards, John, 10, 21, 30, 51, 73, 81-83, 87, 
Index 
405 
88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 105, 132, 163, 166, 182, 184, 377 
affair of, 114, 219 
candidacy announced by, 101 
Iowa and, 100-102, 105-7, 109, 112-15, 120, 121, 123, 125, 134, 170, 278 Iraq War and, 76n 
Kennedy and, 170 McCain and, 242 New Hampshire and, 83, 134, 135, 138, 142 Obame endorsed by, 216, 
South Carolina and, 161, 163 withdrawal from race, 187 Eisenhower, Dwight, 9n, 295, 347 election results, predicting, 156 election day, 371-75 
electoral map, 303, 305-6, 368 electoral process, 383-84, 386 Emanuel, Rahm, 376 
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Bill, 80 
energy policy, 304, 306, 353, 364 environment, 65, 306 
Eskew, Carter, 151 Lady, Carla, 248, 249 evolution, 270, 333 Exxon Valdez, 356 
Facebook, 185 Fellows, James, 98-99 Falwell, Jerry, 38, 41-42, 48, 231, 244, 245 Family Research Council, 271 
Fannie Mae, 345, 354 Farrakhan, Louis, 211 Favreau, Jon, 119, 143, 144, 202, 321 Federal Reserve, 350 
Feingold, Russell, 38, 79-80, 236 Feinstein, Dianne, 315 
Ferraro, Geraldine, 338 Ferry, Christian, 327, 334 Fey, Tina, 343, 360 Fiasco (Ricks), 243 
financial bailout plan, 345-52 
financial crisis, 11-12, 34516, 353, 358, 362, 376, 386, 387 
First Amendment, 385 Fischer, Gordon, 123 Bag pins, 209, 290 Florida, 181-82, 187-88, 219, 223, 238, 266, 268,282-85,305,306,360,362,365, 368,371 
McCain and, 283-85, 368-69 Flournoy, Tina, 218 
focus groups, 57-63, 289-92, 296, 304, 321, 358 
by Clinton campaign, 115-16 Focus on the Family, 38 
Ford, Gerald, 9n Forrestal, USS, 36 Forti, Carl, 252 Fowler, Don, 157, 163, 165 Fowler, Mayhill, 206 
Fox News, 158-59, 238, 265, 272, 354 France, 300, 311, 312 
Freddie Mac, 345, 354 Freedland,Jonathan, 173,310 free speech, 385 
Friendly, Kelly, 318 Frist, Bill, 230,273 From, David, 355 
Gage, Alex, 252, 276-77 
Gallup Poll, 11, 13, 316, 342, 349, 387 Galston, Marygrace, 105 
Galatea, William, 230, 316 Gang of 14, 38 
Garin, Geoff, 151, 207, 211, 217, 218, 221-22 Garrett, Major, 159 
gasoline prices, 306 gasoline taxes, 212 Gates, Bill, 52 Gates, Robert, 241 gay rights, 42, 65, 239, 261, 329 
gender barrier, 62-63, 85, 98, 102, 103, 157, 176,187,222,293,338,376,377,382-83 Georgia, 306 
Gephardt, Richard A., 105, 179 Germany, 300, 307, 309-10, 312 Gerson, Michael, 326 Giangreco, Pete, 105, 107 
Gibbs, Robert, 17-18, 23, 24, 27, 28, 74, 90-91,94,119,141,161, 198-99,299, 343,347 
Gibson, Charles, 208, 343, 346n, 355, 356 Gilmore, James, 227n 
Gingrich, Newt, 229, 231, 232, 233, 347 Ginsberg, Ben, 251 
Giulani, Judith Nathan, 237, 267 
Giuliani, Rudy, 11, 45, 119, 227, 227n, 228, 230,236-38,244,245,247,251,252, 254,261-63,265-68,271,277,282,285, 302 
abortion issue and, 25253, 261 end of campaign, 285 late-state strategy of, 266, 284 London trip of, 265-66 McCain endorsed by, 285 
New Hampshire and, 266--68, 276, 278, 284 scandal stories and, 267 
Goeas, Ed, 237-38 Goldwater, Barry, 12, 229, 377 Gonzalez, Alberta, 246 
Good Morning America, 161 Goolsbee, Austan, 196 
406 
Index 
Index 
407 
Gordon, Phil, 300 
Gore, AI, 27, 50, 51, 105, 191, 251, 304-5, 328, 372 
 in election of 2000, 8-9, 305 at Obama inauguration, 388 Gosselin, Bob, 132 government.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Her generation came to political power in the wake of immense change-the civil rights movement, the antiwar 
14   TAKEOFF 
 movement, the feminist movement-that created a revolution in American life, affecting everyone and everything, from the nature of the society to the structure of its institutions.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Partly that's because of the field [of candidates] out there, but it's also because in the last ten, twelve years we've seen the Washington politicians abandon the conservative cause-the Reagan revolution, the Gingrich revolution of '94.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

                                                                                  Gingrich's revolution cratered over a budget fight that led to a government shutdown and over the GOP's push to impeach Clin
ton for his affair with Monica Lewinsky Bush's presidency was arguably one of the most conservative in modern times, and yet when the party controlled Congress and the White House, government spending rose 
234 
 2008.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd perfectly captured the underlying emotions of a convention that 'has a vibe so at odds with the thrilling, fairy dust feel of the Obama revolution' that she asked a noted political strate
 gist, 'What is that feeling in the air?' He replied: 'Submerged hate.'
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Final tallies estimated the number at below two million, and this great crowd was ecstatic, exuberantly waving little American flags passed out to mark the moment.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

percent of the tally.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

                                             RETIREMENT SAVINGS LOST 
$2 
TRILLION IN 15 MONTHS 
President Bush appeared before the TV cameras-twenty times in all dur
 ing those September days, according to a CBS tally-to try to calm the markets.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

A different America began to take shape on the electronic tally boards in the television studios.
	The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election

Then he was a dynamo-excited, energized-able to hold his own with anyone.
	The Book of Lies

But when he lost the rights to Superman-when they took his name off it-Jerry the dynamo disappeared, too.
	The Book of Lies

                                 'You think I'm the bad guy here, but I'm not,' 
Ellis 
said, putting away the empty vial, zipping his leather doctor's case, and smooth
 ing the sheets on the edge of the bed.
	The Book of Lies

For the past fifteen minutes, we've been waist-high in black water, ducking and hiding behind a thick, thorny bush that sits like a hairy beach ball on the edge of the canal.
	The Book of Lies

We both turn just in time to hear the 
krkk krkk krkk-someone 
 walking through the dried saw grass on the edge of the canal.
	The Book of Lies

'That's funny, Naomi-but I seen your office and the way you taped all those photos around the edge of your monitor.
	The Book of Lies

In the aisle, Serena stands over me, her back leaning on the edge of the seat behind her, as if she's trying to steer clear of my personal space.
	The Book of Lies

The edge of the hole digs into my stomach.
	The Book of Lies

Up above, perched on the edge of the rafter, the possum peers straight down at us.
	The Book of Lies

He's holding on to the edge of the reference desk just to stay on his feet.
	The Book of Lies

From the edge of the reference desk, he grabs a stapler, flips it open like a butterfly knife, and swings straight at my face.
	The Book of Lies

I edge my fingertip into the crack and pull on the spines of the books, revealing a deep, tissue-lined compartment that holds two sheets of paper stuck together.
	The Book of Lies

A thin stream of sand pours down in a fine waterfall as my letter opener finger slides along the bottom edge of the wax seal.
	The Book of Lies

On my far right, between two other apartment buildings, I spot the edge of a dock and a few bobbing boats.
	The Book of Lies

In front of us, its definitely a coffin, though it's oddly rounded at the edges.
	The Book of Lies

Most of it's wiped clean, but you can still see chunks of soil caked in the edges of the trim.
	The Book of Lies

'Wax paper,' my father says, running his fingers along the edges, which have been ironed or melted together.
	The Book of Lies

which they quickly sold at a garage sale for something like a buck or two apiece, thereby scattering these attic editions back into the population-' 
'And kicking off the ultimate geek gold rush for Jerry Sil' eges so
called personal copies,' I say, running my fingers across the melted edges of the wax paper and rereading the typed address in the bot
 tom corner.
	The Book of Lies

Before I can even read the rest, I look at the edges of the panel-from the weight of the small 
s
 heet-there's even more art that's stuck together underneath this one.
	The Book of Lies

His fingers race as he trace
s
  the outer edges of each panel.
	The Book of Lies

The far edges of my vision go blurry and the burning stars slowly return.
	The Book of Lies

THE BOOK OF LIES 
 Like the holder for the original comic book, the paper's been melted and sealed around the edges, preserving whatever's inside.
	The Book of Lies

The warehouse may be decorated in modern dungeon, but that's the goal.
	The Book of Lies

It was a simple goal-the birthright-the Book-would help him reclaim his life-but it wouldn't be easy.
	The Book of Lies

'You really think my goal is to hurt you, Naomi?' 'I was there when you got fired, Cal Th 
ere 's a reao' 
 .
	The Book of Lies

But their true goal was always the all-important one: the priceless find that the Coptic monks had carried all the way from Egypt.
	The Book of Lies

                                                                                                       If he shoots us with Tih 
moty's gun, then leaves 
my van here along with Timothy's unmarked car-now the picture shifts: It'll look like Timothy and I were having a late night get
 together...
	The Book of Lies

But Naomi managed it even loved it-until the parties went too late and the drinking was too much.
	The Book of Lies

                                                    She put a

Ellis's phone beeped, and a text message appeared on-screen: 
 Too late.
	The Book of Lies

Don't think of being late.'
	The Book of Lies

             176 
THE BOOK OF LIES 
 'Dad, what're you-?' I race forward, already realizing I'm too late.
	The Book of Lies

                                Reading the confusion on all our faces, the cura
tor explains, 'In late 1932, Jerry Siegel wrote a short sci-fi story called The 
 Reign of the Super-Man.
	The Book of Lies

Too late.
	The Book of Lies

' In the late 1940s, as a way to destabilize the Ku Klux Klan and make them think they were being infiltrated, the 
Superman 
 radio show was covertly given the secret passwords that the Klan used to call and organize meetings.
	The Book of Lies

Trust me on this: King Avenue, King Court, Kings Highway, even King's Cross back during the late 1800s.
	The Book of Lies

It was already too late.
	The Book of Lies

But as he followed the Judge into the back bedroom, the only thing Ellis saw were two older men-they looked like twins, both in their late sixties-dressed in herringbone overcoats.
	The Book of Lies

But the Coptic monks who first unearthed it in the late sixteenth century? They weren't stupid, either.
	The Book of Lies

Few on the right acknowl
 edge this today, for obvious reasons.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

Full racial equality might be a laudable goal, but not one the government could cre
 ate.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

The assumption was that the electorate would no longer support a party whose prime goal was negative ...
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

And just as Burnham theorized that the managerial elite was covertly advancing Marxism, so Goodman warned that the new priesthood was betraying the legitimate goals of a responsible politics.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

After Goldwater's loss, Reagan de
 cried the moderate GOP 'traitors' who 'are pledged to the same Socialist goals of our opposition.'
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

Kristol found more useful guidance in two humanist intel
 lectuals of the industrial era, Matthew Arnold and Herbert Croly, each 'a liberal reformer with essentially conservative goals.'
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

                                                                             It had happened in the 
1950s, 
when white southerners resisted the Supreme Court's rulings on desegregation, and again in the late 
1960s, 
 when 'the radical Left' had disrupted courtroom proceedings.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

A cross between a novel by John Updike and Edmund, Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France.'
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

Drawing on statis
 tics provided by the economist Gardiner Means, Berle carefully anatomized the 'corporate revolution' that had transferred 'perhaps two-thirds of the industrial wealth of the country from individual ownership to ownership by the large, publicly financed corporations,' which in turn had 'vitally change[d]' the lives of owners, laborers, and consumers.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

Nothing less than 'a new form of economic organization of society,' this 'silent revolution' posed 'the problem of the relation which the cor
poration will ultimately bear to the state-whether it will dom
 inate the state or be regulated by the state or whether the two will coexist with relatively little connection.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

       The true vanguard of the global revolution was its submerged 'elite,' salaried mid-level managers, 'the younger group of ad
ministrators, experts, technicians, bureaucrats,' tucked invisibly in the substrata of 'the state apparatus,' greedily amassing se

36   THE DEATH OF CONSERVATISM 
OLD BOLSHEVIKS AND YOUNG RADICALS 
37 
 cret power.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

                                                                                                        In 
1940, 
Burnham started writing a book about 'the rising tide of a world revolution' sweeping through Communist Rus
 sia, Nazi Germany, the nations of western Europe, and, to a lesser extent, the United States, obliterating surface differences among them.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

           Still, 
The Mana
gerial Revolution 
 was an international sensation, not least because Burnham icily predicted an Axis victory in World War II-a scary .
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

                                                                                     It all added up to a breathless news re
port, a kind of 'Ivy League Confidential,' its true subject the revolution that had occurred at the Olympian reaches of Amer
 ican society, its.true
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

Disraeli conceived this approach during the Industrial Revolution, when a rising class of capitalists began to accumulate vast wealth and demanded more say in a government still dominated by the Crown and landed aristocrats, with even the right of suffrage lim
 ited to a small fraction of the (male) population.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

His opening words-'Our earth is the home of revolution'-were as dramatic as any uttered by a modern pres
 ident.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

But this formulation had come in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, before it was clear that a vi
 brant federally supported market could itself satisfy many of those wants.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

On Revolution.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

Reflections on the Revolution in France.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

The Managerial Revolution.
	The Death of Conservatism: A Movement and Its Consequences

It mat
 ters little whether it was thanks to Palestinian second thoughts, good police work, targeted killings, the controversial West Bank wall, or just plain intimidation.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Iran-Contra A controversial arms-for-hostages deal undertaken dur
 ing the Reagan administration.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

For Iraq, a country that had been at war for most of the last twenty-five years, teetering on the edge of starva
 tion, opening the border to Iran was a godsend.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

By June 11, they were at Beirut's edge, ready to in
 vade the Arab world's most modern and sophisticated city, the brightest light in the firmament of the Arab nation.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

`Ayn al-Dilbah sits at Beirut airport's edge.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

But by 1991, ravaged by war, the Kurds were on the edge of starvation.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

I'd learned long ago there's a protocol to lighting a cigar in the Arab world; you slowly light the edge of the tip to make sure it's set ablaze.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

In the mid-eighties, Hezbollah had taken a couple of potshots at the Syrian general, but he quickly hit back, moving tanks to the edge of Beirut's Shia southern suburbs, threatening to shell them.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Pakistan is on its way to collapsing, Saudi Arabia teeters on the edge, the Emirates are little more than a giant high-end shopping mall, Qatar has the population of a large hotel.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

                                                                                      But because in the late 1980s Iran had made the transi
tiodfrom being a revolutionary troublemaker trying to export a Shia uprising, to statist, Napoleonic4ike conquest, the goal was no longer to
 .
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

The PKK's goal is to establish a socialist, independent Kurdish state in southeastern Turkey.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

And 9/11, too, was simply an act of hate against the West, with no military objective or, for that matter, comprehensible goal.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Its goal was to capture Israeli soldiers to exchange for Hezbollah 'soldiers' held by Israel.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Iran is prepared to adjust its goals, to bend to Iraqi nationalism, 
THE DEVIL WE KNOW 
TOPPLING THE ARAB SHEIKHOOMS 
153 
 sectarian divisions, the peculiarities of the Bahraini Shia, or whatever else is necessary to extend its influence.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Iranians are united in their goals.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

The only thing that separates them is the means of pursuing those goals.'
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

The coalition understood too late that for Saddam, the tanks were an instrument of internal repression rather than a national army to defend against external enemies.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

                                                                                                                               In late April 2003, as T-72 tanks still smoldered across Iraq, with Sad
dam Hussein swallowed up somewhere in the desert and the Iraqis waking up from their long nightmare, the city of Karbala prepared to mark Arba'in, the fortieth day of mourning after Ashura, the holi
 est day in Shia Islam.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

By the time anyone in the West noticed what Iran was doing, it was too late to do anything about it.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

As late as May 2008, the Pakistani government was backing Sunni militants in Talibandominated northwest frontier tribal areas to fight against the small Shia enclave Parachinar-a place Pakistan believes Iran is meddling in.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

'Iran and Turkey are two friendly countries,' Turkey's prime min
 ister said in late 2007, 'and Turkey will continue to import gas from Iran.'
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

In late 2007, the Iraqis offered the company an opportunity to bid on several Iraqi fields.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

In late 2007, the Iraqi oil minister, a Shia close to Tehran, nullified fifteen oil deals signed by the Iraqi Kurdish regional government, underscoring that the Kurds would not be allowed to independently make their own oil deals.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

An adviser to the Bahraini king told me that Iran was responsible for civil disturbances that broke out there in late 2007.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

In late 1982 or early 1983, the twenty-two-year-old Nasrallah, like Mughniyah, put himself under the flag of the Revolutionary Guards in Balabakk, turning in his Koran for a Kalashnikov.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

As late as the 1993 Oslo Accords, Yasser Arafat could count on overwhelming support in Nablus, even among the religiously conservative.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

And now it was too late.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Syria fought, at least in name, on the same side as the United States-a decision that paid off in late 1990 with the passage of the 
192 
THE DEVIL WE KNOW 
WINNER TAKE All 
193 
Although Iran never acknowledged its role, it ordered Hezbol
 lah's Hassan Nasrallah to release the hostages.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

By then, it was too late.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

But he said that would be too late.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Members of groups that had been based in Iran during the eighties and nineties, such as the Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI) and the Da'wa Party, were placed in key positions, .
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Founded by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979 to solidify control over Iran, the Revolutionary Guards started as a brutal vigilante outfit, tortur
 ing or assassinating anyone suspected of opposing the revolution.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Worse, Iraq was afloat in arms
 Kalashnikov machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades, the weapons that have made more than one revolution in the Middle East.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Even as the Revolution
 ary Guards were deplaning in Damascus, Ayatollah Khomeini was ordering wave after wave of Iranian martyrs to attack the Iraqi front lines-Persians killing Arabs, reopening ethnic divisions older than history.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

No one knows how or when, but along the way Iran's Revolution
 ary Guards discovered two truths about Lebanon.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

If we examine Iran's Lebanon war and the army that Iran rode to victory on, we will understand Iran's coming campaigns, how Iran learned the lessons from a failed revolution and transformed itself into a Middle East hegemon.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

We also know virtually nothing about the commander of the Revolution
 ary Guards, Muhammad Jaafari.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

A month later, on November 
18, 
 Arafat issued orders to Palestinian cadres 'putting the PLO on alert to protect the Iranian revolution.'
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

If Khomeini wanted to expand his revolution beyond Iran's borders, he knew he needed to universalize it-to encompass the Arabs and make common cause with them against their enemy, Israel.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

'The 1979 Islamic Revolution caused an earthquake that shook the Islamic consciousness,' the imam said, pulling at his beard.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

It wasn't just Khomeini's revolution that provoked the Shia re
 vival, the Hezbollah imam went on.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

When you fly into Tehran's Imam Khomeini International Airport, the thing you can't see but should know is that everything, from the concession stands to the jet fuel supplies, is owned by the Revolution
 ary Guards.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

The French Revolution succeeded not as a war of ideas but thanks to Napoleon's army.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Iran, on the other hand, even during the bloodiest stage of the revolution, knew what it wanted and what it was doing.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

By now, like Leon Trotsky after the Russian Revolution, or Robespierre after the French, he was consid
 ered irrelevant, even a liability.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Later, he complained bitterly to his friends that everything had changed-that Iran had abandoned Khomeini's revolution.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

In the wake of Ayatollah Khomeini's 1979 revolution, Iran attracted legions of angry young Shia from across the Middle East.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

It didn',t matter whether they embraced the revolution in full or not-Iran was happy to have them, especially if they were prepared to fight under Iranian orders.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

By the early nineties, the Iranian revolution had started to look less like a Shia revolution and more like one with universal appeal.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

But it's generally accepted that Khomeini's revolution in February 1979 and the takeover of the U.S. embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979, were the catalyst for the Mecca attack.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

The attackers were inspired by Iran's revolution, and at the same time they were convinced that be
 cause of the weakness of Al Saud, Sunni Islam itself was under threat from the Shia-a prelude to end times.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

But Khomeini's revolution also played a part, with Pakistan unsure how its own Shia would react to it.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Pakistan insisted that Ameri
 can money and arms in Afghanistan be funneled to Sunni Afghan fundamentalists, intending that they serve as a quarantine to keep Khomeini's revolution from infecting Pakistan and its Shia.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Unlike Hezbollah and Iran, the takfiris care less about occupying ground and more about overthrowing 'apostate regimes' in the Middle East, from Mubarak's Egypt to the AI Saud in Saudi Arabia-a world Islamic revolution.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

                                                                                              And for the Sunni Turks, like Pakistan 
and Saudi Arabia, Iran's revolution will always be the joker in the pack: a resurgent, victorious Shia order challenges both Sunni su
 premacy and its legitimacy.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

The Iranians would never admit they had abandoned Khomeini's revolution, but that's what in fact had happened.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Iran's revolution in the Middle East has less to do with religion than with politics and economics.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

                                                                     The reason President Ahmadinejad solicits the support of Vene
zuela's populist president Hugo Chavez, and even the descendants of Che Guevara, is to tap the legacy of world revolution-the have
 nots against the haves.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Following the 1979 Iranian revolution, Saudi Arabia poured money into the Muslim Brotherhood, into its madrassas, charities, and fighters in the Afghan war against the Soviet army.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

This was part of the same Saudi effort to counter Khomeini's revolution, which the Saudi royal family saw as a threat to its legitimacy..
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

It's hardwired into the Iranian regime's mind that every revolution or empire needs a cause bigger than itself.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

What poor baker wouldn't want to drive out the Saudi royalty, balance out the vast economic inequities, drive Israel out, and reestablish Islam as the populist force it once was? If the Iranians are able to carry this off, as they intend to, it will be a social revolution of staggering impact.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

The Gulf re
 minds you, of nothing so much as Havana in 1959, with its sumptuous beach hotels, the day before Castro's revolution.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Like Cambodia's Khmer Rouge, Peru's Shining Path, or even Mao Tse-tung's Cultural Revolution, they believe the West's influ
 ence, its intellectual and physical occupation, can only be reversed by erasing every symbol of the West-including decimating their own Western-educated intelligentsia, blowing up the Bamiyan wall carvings, or throwing away their toothpaste.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Martyrdom was a pillar of Ayatollah Khomeini's revolution.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Iran's aims are rooted not in Khomeini's revolution but rather in what Iranians consider their core national interests.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

It's a defining precept of Khomeini's revolution.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

But it's also deeper than that, as expressed in the writings of Ali Shariati, the man who helped establish the foundation for Khomeini's revolution.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

When Blackwater contractors murder seventeen unarmed civilians in down
 town Baghdad, or when Israel shells Gaza, killing civilians-these are the things that keep the Iranian revolution alive and win over converts to Iran's hegemony.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Formed in May 1979, the Revolutionary Guards were originally organized to protect Khomeini's revolution.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

                                                                                                                             Bhutto, Benaziq 145 Bill, James, 66 
bin Laden, Osmna, 3, 79, 124, 126, 145, 156, 159,166,181,197,202-203,208,228, 253,255 
Biga' Valley, Lebanon, 58, 62, 173, 213 Blackwater contractors, 248 Bolsheviks, 71 
Bosnia, 119 Bronze Age, 236 Buddha stone carvings, Bamiyan, Afghanistan, 125,207 Bush, George H. W., 23,190 
Bush, George W., 7, 17, 18, 36, 103, 128, 180, 200 
C4 plastic explosives, 108 C8016 cruise missiles, 101 Cambodia, 80, 124, 207 Caspian Sea, 106,132-133,141 Caucasus, 114,235 
Cedar (cargo ship), 108 
Chalabi, Ahmed, 17-20, 22, 25, 37, 44 Chavez, Hugo, 152 
Chechnya, 119, 228 Chiang Knishek, 17, 241 China, 17,101, 207, 241, 254, 260-261 Chinese Precision Machining Import/Export Company, 110 Choman, Iraq, 120 
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 36,116, 117, 183, 235 
Clinton, Bill, 20, 23,238 
Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), 20 Codecracking, 107 
Congressional Budget Office, 138, 252 Constitutional revolution of 1905-1911 (Iran), 16 
Crocker, Ryan, 22,50 Crusades, 128, 165, 177 Crystalline graphite, 101 Cuba, 17, 200 
Cultural Revolution, 207 
Danube Valley, 235 Da'wa 17,81-82,84,191 Da'wz Party, 33, 35, S7,47,69-71,81,87,89, 90, 97, 161 
Dayr Qanun al-Nahar, Lebanon, 214 
De Gaulle, Charles, 65 Department 9000, 35 Deterrence credibility, 109 Dichter, Avi, 174-176 Diego Garcia, island of, 151 Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), 139 
Egypt, 24, 51, 71, 124, 152, 155, 157, 169, 170, 174, 182, 207, 262 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 79 
Elburz Mountains, 10, 212 Electromagnetic isotope separators, 110 Electronic technology, 109 
End-user certificates, 101 Energy Watch group, 141 Engels, Friedrich, 42 Ettefagh, Ali, 199 Euphrates River, 98, 261 European Union, 115 
Evin Prison, Tehran, 11, 63 
Explosive formed projectiles/peneuators (EFPs),35-36,108 
ExxonMobil, 134 
F-16s, 27, 99, 116 
Faisal, Prince Saud Al, 254 Fallujah, Iraq, 91 
Fanon, Fmntz, 247 Farsilanguage, 40 Farah, 60, 64, 78, 7% 159 Fatimid em, 24,152 
Feith, Doug, 17-18,20,25 
Fiber optic cable technology, 106 Fox News, 56 
French Resistance, 65 French Revolution, 74, 84 Friedman, Thomas, 20 Frontier Corps (Pakistan), 145 
Gates, Robert, 250 
Gaza, 30, 55, 146, 151, 155, 156, 171, 172, 174,175,206,210,248,262 Georgia, 132 
Ghawar oil field, Saudi Arabia, 142, 143 Golan Heights, 193 
Government Accountability Office, 252 Great Britain, 103, 140, 145, 149, 153 in Basra, 87,89-91 
British Pakistanis in, 228-229 London suicide bombings in (2005), 227-231 
Bottom, 235 
Greater Kurdistan, 114 Guevata, Che, 152 God, Hamid, 66,95-96 Gulf of Oman, 133 
Gulf War of 1990-91,19,26,29,99,115, 137, 141, 167, 190 
Hajj Unman, Iraq, 116, 120, 121 Hama, Syria, 186,187 
Hama Massacre, 186 Hamad,Sheikh, 149-151 Hams, 50, 85,172-175,177, 229, 257, 258 Harm, Rafic, 195 
Hellfire missiles, 27,99 Herat, Afghanistan, 131, 132 Hezbollah, 2, 4, 12-13, 21, 50, 71, 152, 250 Azeri, 133 
communications of, 106 Hamas and, 172-173 Israel and, 51,52,75-76,96-97,156-157, 161-165,255 
injordan,179 
 in Lebanon, 41-42,44,55,78-80,86,88, 156-157,175,179,186,187,189,191, 193-194,199,229.259
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

                                       174,
Lawrence of Arabia, 51
Saudi Arabia and, 25-26,137-138,195,
Shia in, 4, 19, 21-22, 24, 29-30, 32-33,
178-179,261,262
Lebanon, 2-4,12,37,151
241,243-244,254
37-39,42-49,69-71,87,89-93,98,
Jund alSham, 166
'Ayn al-Hilwah refugee camp, 166-168
sex-change operations in, 8-9 -
262
Jundallah, 245
Balabakk, 59,62-64,67,118,161,187,191
Shah of, 39, 53,69, 106, 131, 139, 145,
Sunni to,29,37,38,39,42,92
civil war (1975-90), 60,160, 191
146,149,238,239
Supreme Council of the Islamic
Kabul, Afghanistan, 153, 206, 222, 258
Hezbollah in, 41-42,44,55,78-80,86,88,
small-boars incident (2008), 102-105
Revolution in Iraq (SCIRIL 33, 35, 47,
Kamj, Iran, 110
156-157,175,179,186,187,189,191,
Soviet Union and, 128
48, 87, 89, 90
Karbala, Iraq, 33, 37-41, 44,46-48, 72,165,
193-194,199,229,259
Strait of Hormuz and, 102-104,111, 129,
Syria and, 185-186
218, 252, 255
hostage crisis in, 80,127-128,188,240
133-134,137,245,250,253
U.S. invasion and occupation of, 17, 19,
Karbalai, Imam, 40-42, 44, 46 '
Iran and, 18,21,22,43-44,52-57,
suicide bombings and, 205, 211, 216, 219,
26, 27, 30, 40, 49, 50, 89, 91-92, 138,
Kashani, Ayatollah, 7
59, 63-69,74,78-81,86,88,96,
220,227-228,256
167, 168, 182-184, 231
Kashmir, 228
99-100,161-165,187-189,241,243,
Syria and, 50, 59, 64, 130, 151, 183,
Iraqi National Congress, 18
Kbamenei, Ayatollah, 43, 55, 65,66, 73-74,
244
185-195
Iron Age, 235
-
Israel and, 4,12,37,44,51-54,56-58,68,
88,127,149,171-172, 242
television in, 8
Islamic Action Front, 178
Khan, Muhammad,229-231'
74-76, 79, 96, 99-100,105,107,
United Arab Emirates and, 139, 148, 195,
Islamic Aural, 62-63, 65, 67
Kharami, Muhammad, 35, 66, 72
109-110,156,160-164,177,188,
202
Islamic Jihad Organ
i
zation (IJO), 64-66,
Khmer Rouge, 124, 204, 207, 229
191-194,203,213-214,229
U.S. relations with, 3-5, 7-8,11, 15-17,
161,214
Khobar barracks bombing, Saudi Arabia
Nabatiyah,12-14,37,158,214,255
20-24,77-78,126-128,146-148,
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGG)
(1996), 162, 244
Saudi Arabia and, 195
180,197-198,206,233-235,237-245,
[see Revolutionary Guards (Iran)
Khoei, Ayatollah Abu4Qassim, 43-46
Shia in, 4, 53, 57, 59-63, 65, 71, 74-75,
248-262
Israel, 26, 30, 35, 144, 145
Khoei, Majid, 44-46
91, 152, 161, 187, 213-214, 218, 250,
Venezuela and, 152
communications codes of, 107
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 2-5,14,15,
255
weapons of, 96, 99-102, 104-109, 254
Harms and, 172-174
34, 39, 43, 48,65,68-73, 80, 122, 128,
Syria and, 188-189,191-194
Zorosstrfanism and, 45, 71, 234-236, 248
Hezbollah and, 51,52,75-76,96-97,
131, 161, 170
U.S. embassy bombings, Beirut (1983 and
I.-Contra scandal of 1987, 17, 192, 233
156-157,161-165,255
Arafat's visit to, 68,147
1984), 1, 17, 35, 54, 77-78, 80,
Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88,1-2,13,16,26,
Iran and, 82,101,109,146-148,156,
Iran-Iraq War and, 1, 53, 97, 98, 220
161-162,215
29-32,34,40-41, 46, 53,69, 71, 81,
157,169,174-176,179,180,192,234,
martyrdom and, 220, 226
U.S. Marine barracks bombing (1983), 17,
82,89,96-99,120,137,188,212,216,
236
Khorasan Highway 129
35, 54,66, 78, 80, 215
219,224,225,233,239,244,261
Lebanon and, 4, 12, 37, 44, 51-54, 56-58,
Khorramshahr, Iran, 98
 Lenin, V. 1.,
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

                                          101
Nets York 71mes, 20, 104, 250
227, 228, 256
Russian Revolution, 84
Mongols, 21
Nixon, Richard, 299
Party for the Free Life of Kurdistan (PEJAK),
Montazeri, Ayatollah, 79-74
North Korea, 101
245
SA-16 and SA-18 shoulder-fired missiles, 102
Morocco, 157
Northern Alliance, 258
Peace of Westphalia of 1648, 127
5900 surface-to-air missile defense system,
Mosaddeq, Mohammed, 238-241,247
Nuclear weapons, 22,23,110-111,147,159,
Persian Gulf, 2,3,50,56,102-105,133,
100-101
Monahedeh, Roy, 297
179,180,195,249,254
197-140,257
 Sadat.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

                                                                                                                        157 
fundamentalism, 181-182,195 in Iraq, 29, 37, 38, 39, 42, 92 injordan,157 
Kurds, 113,116,122,124,126,128 in Lebanon, 57; 152,156 
in 
Morocco, 157 in Pakistan, 123 Palestinians, 155,156,158,166-171, 174-175 
suicide bombings and, 219-223, 226-231 
in Syria, 182 
takfne, 
123-125,127,156,170,186,196, 197,199,203-204,207,208,219-222, 229-230,245,250,253,260 
Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI) (later Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council), 33, 35, 47, 48, 87, 89, 90 
Surkan, Dulayr, 120,121 SykeePiccaAgreementof1916,261,262 
Syria, 26, 54, 79, 114, 152, 169, 178 Iran and, 50, 59, 64, 130, 151,183, 185-195 
Iraq and, 185-186 
Israel and, 110, 182, 192, 194, 195 Lebanon and, 188-189,191-194 Saudi Arabia and, 194-195 Soviet Union and, 189-190 
U.S. relations with, 184, 185, 190 
T-72 ranks, 31, 32, 37, 99,102 Tabriz, Iran, 16 
Taif Agreement of 1990,190-191 Tajikistan, 101' 
Takfsru, 123-125,127,156,170,186,196, 197, 199, 203-204, 207, 208, 219-222, • 229-230,245,250,253,260 
Tal, Prince AI-Wafid bin, 169 Talabani,Jalal,114, 119 Taliban, 123-127,131,145,222,231,249, 257 
TAPI (Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan
India pipeline), 132 
Tagqyah 
(permission to lie), 75, 174, 240 Tayr Dibba, Lebanon, 78 
 Tehran, Iran, 9-10.16,152
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

Their failure to establish a last
 ing takfiri government in Afghanistan under the Taliban wasn't a deterrent in the least; divinely ordained revolutions don't worry about small setbacks like this.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

In uniting Sunni and Shia, Iran achieves the universality required by all successful revolutions.
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

In October 2007, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice had traveled to the Middle East in an attempt to tally 'emerging moderate forces' against 'the Iranian threat.'
	The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower

At the request of President Adams, he spent the next year in London, negotiating the controversial Jay Treaty for in
 creased trade relations with England.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

An ardent Federalist, he was a hero to the party's extreme wing, based in part on his zealous condemnation of Matthew Lyon and the firmness with which he enforced the controversial Sedition Act.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

It reduced the size of the Supreme Court to five at the next vacancy, created a new system of appellate courts between the trial courts and the Supreme Court, and eliminated the controversial obligation of Supreme Court justices to ride cir
 cuit; the new appellate judges would assume this responsibility.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

The most controversial judicial nomination, and the one to gen
 erate the most significant recorded opposition in the Senate, was that of Philip Barton Key, a prominent Maryland Federalist whose nephew Francis Scott Key would pen the national anthem thirteen years later.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

             178   
THE GREAT DECISION 
 Many Supreme Court decisions early in the twentieth century striking down social and economic legislation were controversial and unpopular.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                      Jobn Adams Defeated   1   25 
Congress, dominated by Federalists, passed the Alien and Sedi
tion Acts in the belief that the young republic was perched precari
 ously on the edge of war and it was therefore a matter of national security for the government to quash dissension.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                               The Great Decision   1   159 
On the first, Marshall again took the opportunity to acknowl
 edge and,rebut the charge that the Court was intruding too far into the Executive Branch.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

Perhaps feeling that they had accomplished their goal of in
 flicting intramural pain on Adams, the Federalists now reversed course.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                                                              In the 
manipula
tion 
objection, Marshall is criticized for purportedly twisting Marbury's case for a polit
 ical goal-to grab power for the Supreme Court, or to blast Jefferson, or both.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

Senator Gouverneur Morris of New York, a Federalist leader, confided that, although he thought the judiciary bill had merit, it would be an obvious vehicle for partisan goals.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                             Madison 
would not have happened but for the extraordinary cir
 cumstances that saw the outgoing president, John Adams, still making political appointments late into the final night of his term of office at the White House.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

Marshall could hardly have forgotten that, in 
1
797, Adams had 
offered 
to appoint him to the Supreme Court to 
succeed 
 the late James Wilson.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

Late in life, Marshall would write that he had never believed Jefferson to be honorable.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

He blasted what he saw as the partisan nature of Adams's appointments: '[D]uring the late ad
 ministration, those who were not of a particular sect of politics were excluded from all office....
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

Fisher Ames of Massachusetts objected that the 'message announces the downfall of the late revi
 sion of the judiciary...
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

And Justice Paterson opined that the 'practice has fixed construction, which is too late to disturb.'
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                                                                                                 An article in the 
Intelligencer 
titled 'The Democrat' denounced 'the monstrous pretensions set up by the partisans of the late administration, in favor of the Judi
 ciary department.'
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

If that were not the case, if the Supreme Court's original and appel
 late jurisdiction were entirely up to Congress to shape and mold, then the Constitution's use of the sentence 'In all other cases, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction' would be 'entirely without meaning.'
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                       As the scope and range of fed
eral legislation accelerated in the late nineteenth and early twenti
 eth centuries, so too did the Supreme Court's use of its power.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

As the late Chief Justice Rehnquist also explained, 'the establishment of the Supreme Court of the United States as a constitutional court with the authority to enforce the provisions of the Constitution-including its guarantees of indi
 vidual liberty-is the most significant single contribution the United States has made to the art of government.'
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                                                                                                                      Late in 
18o3, 
returning from riding circuit, William Paterson suffered serious injuries when his coach veered off a road and plunged ten feet down an embank
 ment.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                   And the irrepressible and in
corrigible Gouverneur Morris, former minister to France and for
 mer senator from New York, finally married late in life.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

He had served as president of the Continental Congress during the Revolution, and as the nation's first secretary of foreign affairs under the Articles of Confederacy before the adoption of the Constitution in 
 1789.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                                   Per
haps it was inevitable that the passing of George Wash
 ington, the defining and unifying figure of the Revolution, would create a wave of restlessness that would lead to profound change in the political firmament.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

The French Revolution in 
1789 
 had generated strong passions among Americans.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

President Adams reacted to the national outrage over the XYZ Affair by asking Congress to appropriate six and a half million dol
 lars to build up the American military, which had withered since the Revolution.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

The Republican 
Aurora 
 proclaimed that '[t]he Revolution of 1776 is now, and for the first time, arrived at its completion.'
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                                                                                                                                                                                     Jeffer
son would later refer to his election as 'the revolution of i8oo,' for it marked the first peaceful democratic transfer of power from one political party to another in America's short time as an independ
 ent nation, and in the history of the world.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

Key had been a Loyalist during the Revolution and actually had fought for the crown against the Revolutionaries as a captain in the Maryland Loyalists Batallion.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                                                                                                     Key had de
camped to England after the Revolution, eventually returning to Maryland and redeeming himself as a prosperous landowner and ac
 tive Federalist.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

With the naming of Jefferson's cabinet, the 'quiet revolution' was nearly complete.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

Nonetheless some Republicans were highly critical of Jefferson, believing the president was moving too timidly to assert Republican control over the judiciary: Congressman William Branch Giles of Virginia, who, ironically, had been introduced to politics a decade earlier by John Marshall, wrote Jefferson that 'the revolution is corrupted so long as the judiciary is in possession of the enemy.'
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

Jefferson, who had lived in France and had generally been supportive of that nation's Revolution, was increasingly alarmed by the actions of Napoleon Bonaparte, the French leader who was exhibiting a seemingly endless appetite for expansion and power.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

He had served as ambassador to France during the French Revolution and during that time had carried on an affair with Adelaide Marie Emile, the beautiful and independent Comtesse de Flahut and much younger wife of the aged Count de Flahut.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

similar to the most violent under the French Revolution.'
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

And on it went, with toasts to 'The honor of our country-her most precious treasure,' to 'The Heroes of The Revolution-Enshrined in the hearts of their coun
trymen,' and to 'Washington's policy-Measures founded on expe
 rience, not on theory.'
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                                                                                        r8q 
middle course by, 152 postal service and, 71 support for, 27-, 22 
Washington funeral and, 9, so, 12 Adams, John Quincy,13, 6o,167,184 
election of, 145 
oath of office for, i88-r89 on party spirit, 93 
Adams, Thomas Bolyston,13, 28 
Albany Register, 
21 
Alexandria, 2, 3, bo 
Alien Act (1798), 39, 69, 115 passage of, 24, 25 rejection of, 73, 86 Ambler, Eliza, 42 Ambler, Polly, 38 
Amelia, 
81, 82 Ames, Fisher, 17, 23, 35, 93 
Argus, 
Littleton in, 166-167 Arkansas National Guard, 7-74 Armstrong, General, 50 Armstrong, John, zoq 
Army, expansion of, 24 Article 111, zo6-107,163 Articles of Confederacy, i 
Aurora, 
20, 21, 24, 78, 87,112,125 attacks by, 89 
on Federalists, 123 on Hamilton, 124 on judiciary Act, 58 
Marbury 
and, 98-99, loo, 129, 144, 166 
on Marshall, 83 
on revolution of 1800, 52 Rutledge and, 124 
Index 
Bache, Benjamin Franklin, 20 
BaltimoreAmerican, 
28 
Baltimore Gazette, 
2o 
Bank of Columbia, Marbury and, 95,186 
Bank o£ the United States, 189 Barbary States, 79, qi, ror Barbecue Club, Marshall and, 38 Barlow, Joel, nq 
Bassett, Richard, 59,115, u6 Bayard, Ann Bassett, 115 Bayard, James A., 52, 59, 86, 87,101, 102, 104,146 
career of, 188 defeat of, 145 Jefferson and, 51,115 judiciary reform and, 114 Marshall and, n6 
Repeal bill and, 114, n5, nb Talbot and, 82 
Bee, 
21 
Bill of Rights, 25, 69, 7r,1go Bingham,William, 56 Bishop, Samuel, 88 
Black, Hugo,173 Blackstone,judge, 127 Bonaparte, Joseph, 31 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 7, 47,185 
Jefferson and, 79-8o treaty with, 31 Bradley, Stephen, tro, 
III 
Breckinridge, John, 99, io6,1N bluntness of, 85-86 judiciary and, too 
judiciary Act and, io5, no Marbury petition and, l2q Repeal bill and, 
10
7
 
Brennan, William, 173-174 
Brent, Daniel, 132, 133, 134
-
135,136 
Briesler, John, 65 Brookhiser, Richard, 86 
 Brown v.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                             Peck (181o), 18q 
Forrest, Uriah, 
A, 1q, 62, 98 
Foster, Dwight, 
56 
Fourteenth Amendment, 
175 
Fourth Circuit Court, 
57,59 
Fowler,John, 
46,71 
Frankfurter, 
Felix,173 
Franklin, Benjamin, zo, 
88 
French Revolution, 
22, 86,111 
Gadsby's Tavern, 
114,115 
Gallatin, Albert, 
4, 41, 71 Gazette oftbe United States, 21,119 
Georgetown, 
2, 3, 4,18, 27, 52, 6o
+
 95, 186 
German Lutheran Church, so Gerry Elbridge, 
 22, 23 Gibbons v.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                                                                                                                                         centralization and, 
75 
Constitution and, 
roq 
criticism of, 
2z 
death Of
,
 
187 
Federalist Papers and, 
72-73, 108-109 
Jefferson and, 
35 
judiciary reform and, 
93 
Madison and, 
73 
McHenry and, 
IS 
political bargain and, 
1-2 
Repeal bill and, 
nb 
Talbot and, 
81 
Washington funeral and, 
12 
Harlan, John Marshall, 
r73 
Harper, Robert Goodloe, 
58 
Harper, William, 
94, 95,128,153 
appointment of, 
62, 63 
Hay, George, 
68 
Henry, Patrick, 
38, 39, 43,152 
High Federalists, 
12, 22-23, 33, 40, 108 
Adams and, 
105,15z 
Marshall and, 
43 
Morris and, 
116 
purge of, 
15 
Republicans and, 
40 See also 
Federalists Hooe, Robert Townshend, 
94, 95, n5,1z8,131,134,135,153 
appointment of, 
62, 63 
Marbury and, 
149 
House of Representatives, 
48 
chamber for, 
rot 
fracas in, 
25 
judicial appointments and, 
58 
Howard, A. E. Dick, 
178 
Impeachment, 
89, 127, 139, 183, 184, r86 
Inauguration Day, 
49, 65, 68 Independent Chronicle, 
on 
Marbury, 167 
Ingersoll, Jared, 
60,131 
Index 1 251 
Jackson, Senator, izq 
Jay, John, 
7, 33, 49,119, 151 
Adams and, 
32,36 
Federalist essays and, 
72 
Jay Treaty 
(1795), 23, 31 
Jefferson, Thomas, 
20, 31, 44, 95,103, 134,135, 149,152,154 
Adams and, 
35, 48, 50, 51,189 
Adams appointments and, 
59, 7
6
-77, 7
8
, 
8
7, 99, 126, 138, 156 
appointments by, 
71, 72,73,88-89, 
101, 
123,158 
Barbary pirates and, 
79 
Bonaparte and, 
79
-
80 
Burr and, 
14,15, 51, 68,111,184, 187 
campaign of, 
ro-11, 2o 
capital building project and, 
2,3 
children Of, 
121---122 
correspondence by, 
70
-
71 
criticism by, 
42,168 
criticism of, 
21, 78-79,165 
election Of, 
12,28,35,50
-
52,55, 56, 60,185 
Executive Branch and, 
rr3 
Federalists and, 
35, 36, 5o, 51, 55, 75, 89,144
-
145 
foreign affairs and, 
22, 76, 91 
Hamilton and, 
35 
inauguration of, 
53, 6o, 61, 63, 65
-
70, 73, 75 
Judiciary Act and, 
or, 
r12 
judiciary reform and, 
79, 91-92, 93, roo,104,105,118,183, 
187 
letters from, 
z1-22 
Madison and, 
73, 86,155 
Marbury and, 
52, 96,155 Marbury 
and, 
166,168,16q,1go 
Marshall and, 
36,42,43,48,49, 66-67,68,70,94,118-rig,168, 187,190 
New Year's Day dinner party and, 
34 
Peggy 
and, 
94 
252 I 
Index 
Jefferson, Thomas 
(continued) 
Pickering and, z3o political bargain by, 1-2 Republicans and, 12, 13,14,50,55, 73 
revolution of 18oo and, 52 Sedition Act and, 78, 92, 93,168 State of the Union address by, 
90
-
91,93
-
94,97,
106
 Supreme Court and, 94,130-131, 149 
unconstitutional actions and, 9z
-
93 
Washington funeral and, to Jenkins Hill, 4 
Johnson, Thomas, 61 Johnson, William, 76 Judicial Branch Federalists and, 73,105 Jefferson and, 100,183 legal check for, 69 organization Of,127,148,170 powerlessness 0£,114 
Judicial independence, 117,151
1
167, 179, 184,187,190 
Judicial review, 116,180,183 Judiciary Act G789), 162 Judiciary Act (18oi), 58, 6o, 120,149 altering, 91 
circuit riding and, 
10
7
 
Federalists and, 54 Jefferson and, 91,112 Marshall and, 55 
repeal of,101,105,107,110,112
1
113, 117-r18,122,126,127,128,147, 169 
support for, 56 
 Judiciary Act (i8o2).
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

                                                                                                                                                  Vernon, 
1, 
9,17, 39 
Nash,John, 4o-41 Nassau Hall, 113 Nathanson, Nathaniel, 177 National Archives, Igo 
NationalIntelligencer 
58, 80,104,121, 
123, 
126
,
12
7,129 attacks by, 89 charges against, 77 on District/political rights, 125 Hamilton's Elixir and, 125 
on judicial power, 
sob 
on Lincoln, 136 
Marbury 
and, 166 
on Marshall, 46, 83,136 on Morris, 145 
on Republican Congress, 87 Navy, 4, 17, 18, 24, 91 
New Year's Day, 34,122 
New York Citizen, 
78-79 
New York Evening Post, 
124,166 New York Legislature, 145 Nicholson,Joseph, 128 Nicolas, John, 51 
Nixon, Richard, 175 
Nocturnal Visit 
(Roche), go Non-Intercourse Act (i8oq), t85 
Oath of office, 67, 70, x88-189 O'Connor, Sandra Day, 176 Ogden, Aaron, no, 116 Ogle, Benjamin, 18 
Olson, Ted, x80 
Index 1 
255 
Parsons, Theophdus, 6o 
Paterson, William, 36, 37, 48, 80,101, 
11
3, 
116
,117,
1
31,137,143,146,147, 149, 169 
Adams and, 33 appointment of, 43 career of, 32 injuries for, 187 Lee and, 140 
Marshall and, 44, 45, 47 Sedition Act and, 26 Patronage, 6o, 
III 
Peale, Rembrandt,lg 
Peggy, 
seizure of, 94 Pendleton, Edmund, 83 Pickering, John, i3o Pickering, Timothy, 15,133 Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 23, 
29, 33, 66, 70,120 Plumer, William, 103
-
104,130 Political parties, rise of, 183 Political rights, 125-126 Potomac River, 2, 5,18 Presidential Mansion (Philadelphia), q 
President's House, 3, 28, 31, 44, 46, 50,75,85,ro9 
Adamses at, z7, 63, 65, 66 building, 4, 6,103 
Jefferson at, 7
0
-7x, 73,104,121, 122 Marshall at, 17 
moving into, 16 
New Year's Day dinner party at, 34 staying at, 121-122 
tea at, 
110 
Quiet diplomacy, io4 Quiet revolution, 73 Quoits Club, Marshall and, 38,189 
Ramsay, Dennis, 94, 95, 114
-
115,128, 
131, 
1
34
,1
53 appointment of, 6z, 63 
256 1 
Index 
Randolph, Edmund, 42,54 Randolph,Isham,42 Randolph,John, 56,128 Randolph, Mary Jefferson, 121,122 Randolph, Thomas, 42, 77 
Recorder, 
rug 
Recusal, standards of, 16g, T70 Rehnquist, William, 176,178 Reign of witches, 26 Rensselaer, Stephen van, 14 Repeal bill, 1o5,1og, no, 111-112, 
117-118, 147,149 constitutionality of, 1o7, 114, 115-116,117,127 Republicans and, 113,114 Republicans, 10,23,39,116,145 Adams and, 152 appointment of, 62 
Bill of Rights and, 25 Congress and, 104 criticism of, 13o Federalists and, 18, 49, 53, 87,123 High Federalists and, 4o Jefferson and, 12,13
5
14,50,55,73 Judiciary Act and, 112 
Marbury 
and, 162 
Marshall nomination and, 43
-
44 organization of, 73 
Repeal bill and, 113,114 Sedition Act and, 26 Supreme Court and, lo8 victory for, 
IS 
Revolution of 18oo, 52 Revolutionary War, z3,61, 95,152 
Richmond Examiner, 
on Marshall, 44 Robbins,Jonathan, 4o-41 Roberts,john,179 
Rodney, Caesar, 145 Roosevelt, Franklin D.,173 Ross, James, 
110, 
145,146 Rossiter, Clinton, 13 
Rule of law, 75,178,181, 190 Rush, Benjamin, 5o, go, loo 
Rutledge, John, 
1
2
4 
Rutledge, John, Jr., lo7-1o8,124 
Schuyler, Phillip,14 Second Amendment, 176 Securities and Exchange Commission, 173 
Sedition Act (1798), 21, 32, 44, 92,115 Callender and, rig 
Constitution and, 93 constitutionality of, 168 enforcement of, 26, 69,184 Federalists and, 26 Jefferson and, 78,92,93,168 Lyon and, z5-26 
opposition to, 24, 27, 40, 73, 86 passage of, 24, 25 Republicans and, 26 
Seeman, Hans, 81 Segregation, 174 Self-incrimination, 136,137 Senate Library, 48 Seventh Congress, 145 Shaw, Billy, 65 
Sirica, John, 175 Slavery, 3, 4, 71 Smith, Margaret Bayard, go 
on churches/nation's capital, lo6 on Jefferson, 65-66, 
zoo 
Smith, Samuel, 51 
Smith, Samuel Harrison, lo4 'Solemn Protest of the Honorable Judge Bassett,The' (Bassett), 116 
State Department, 63, 
6
7
, 
132,133 Jefferson at, 75
-
7
6
 
State of the Union address, go-g1, 
93
-
94, 97, lo6 Staunton, Archibald, 78 Stelle, Pontius Delare,143 Stelle's Hotel, 89, go, 143, 144, 146, 
1
47, 149, 151, 154,,59,161, 162, 171, 173 
Stevens, John Paul, 176,177 Stoddert, Benjamin, 16, 62, 95, 98 Stoddert, William, 17 
Stone, Geoffrey, 24 
Story, Joseph, 40, 8o-81,188 Stuart, Hugh, 147 
 Stuart v.
	The Great Decision: Jefferson, Adams, Marshall, and the Battle for the Supreme Court

When asked on March 15, 2006-more than six months after Katrina-whether he even reconsidered the controversial endorsement, Nagin remained unflinching.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

One of Nagin's most controversial appointments had been promoting NOPD Captain Eddie Compass to police superintendent in May 2002.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                    Her interview with the round-faced arch
bishop was extremely controversial, for not only did Charmaine recount her 
THE SMELL OF DEATH 
 .391
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

In his view, the site was a great nat
 ural port, allowing access to the river, which lay along the southern edge, as well as Lake Pontchartrain, about three miles to the north by way of Bayou St. John.'
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                           Mike Dunne, author of 
America'r Wetland- I,ouisiana'r Vanishing Coast, 
 broke it down even more: 'A tennis court every thirteen seconds slips under the water or is nibbled off the edge of one of the most ecologically sensitive regions of the nation and the world.''
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

When she saw the Timer-Picayune headline on Saturday, 'Katrina Ends Lull: Leaving N.O. on Edge,' she knew the city would forsake the old and poor.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'Another interesting thing about the funeral was everybody was on edge, because something else was in the air.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Never before in modern American hurricane history, to his knowl
 edge, had a below-sea-level city-or any city-allowed citizens and tourists to stay in the face of a monster hurricane.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Chapter Five 
W NAI WAS INf MISSISSIPPI 6V11 C~AS1 
High noon I can't believe my eyes Wind is ragin' there's a fire in the sky Ground shakin' everything comin' loose Run like a coward but it ain't no use Edge of the river just an ugly scene people getting pushed, and people gettin' mean A change is comin 
and it's gettin' kind of late 
 There ain't no survivin', there ain't no escape.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                                    176 
THE GREAT DELUGE 



In Pascagoula, at the eastern edge of the Mississippi Coast, Beach Boule
 vard had been the crowning glory of a pristine neighborhood that sat on a jut of land between Highway 90 and the sea.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                                                                                     A magazine called 
The Razor's Edge 
had women shave their heads like Sinead O'Connor and raffled off their tresses, fetching up to five hundred dollars per scalp
s°
 The Aexolite Meteorites Society, a group of meteorite hunters and collectors, auctioned off some of their specimens, raising $12,437 f
or 
 the American Red Cross.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'We were on the edge, so we'd found the best staging area we could.'
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'The thought that we might stall in the middle of this deluge,' he said, 'and have no option but to drag these people into the water, had me on edge.'
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

He was emotional but not the least bit over the edge.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

He elaborated: 'Water lapped at the edge of the French Quarter.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

  'Every neighborhood, every street, every home, every building, has water-lots of it '°' 
There have been fine history books written on American disasters, like David McCullough's 
The Jobnrtown Flood 
and Simon Winchester's 
A Crack in the Edge of the Vorld, 
 but nothing compared to the oral history testimonials of Katrina survivors.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Physically exhausted, and 
,7o 
THE (:RF,AT DELUGE 
 with nowhere to go, the group of refugees set up an encampment on the edge of the bridge, surrounded by liver-brown sludge.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

They're looking for something to take the edge off of their jones, if you will.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

And right now, they don't have anything to take the edge off.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                      With little knowl
edge of history, and unable to get accurate information, Nagin truly be
 lieved the flooding of New Orleans was bigger than Gettysburg or Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'When those winds hit, and those levees broke, a helluva lot of cul
 ture went out of the northern edge of the Caribbean.'
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Matthew Magee, 'Dispatches from the Edge of Civilization,' 
Sunday Herald, 
Sep
 tember 18, 2005.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

John T. Edge, Fried Chicken: An American Story (New York: Putnam, 2004).
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

            -Susan Larson, 
New Orleans Times-Picayune 
 'This is history with sharp edges and barely repressed indignation.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

In the 1930s, when the edges of Lake Pontchartrain were dredged, the land was raised and a seawall was built.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'My goal was to get folks in the city and school buses that I thought were ferrying everybody out of town,' Walker recalled.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'When LSU won the national championship,' he recalled, 'nobody tore down a goal post, nobody flipped a car like they do in New England.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Determined, chatty, and goal-oriented, Davis was the kind of state employee who actu
 ally enjoyed ribbon cuttings and awards ceremonies.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

His goal was to track down Parish President Rodriguez and find out details about the 'Wall of Water' and an oil spill in the Parish.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'What are you going to do with a basketball goal?'' Nonethe
 less, some of those participating in the free-for-all were policemen.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Their primary goal was to establish law and order in the streets 
of 
 New Orleans.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

With that goal accomplished Forman went looking for NOPD officers who could protect the aquarium from looting.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

The primary goal was to mark in bright red or orange which buildings had been searched and whether bodies were found.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

The important post-Katrina goals, from his perspective, would be to induce the federal government to pony up for disaster relief and then use the storm as an opening by which he might deregulate indus
 tries.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

His journal was filled with time charts, mission plans, basic math, telephone numbers, ac
 complished goals, and persistent problems.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'Pork barrel projects for the oil-gas industry and Port of New Orleans always won the cash prizes,' Louisiana Sierra Club representative Daryl Malek complained in late 2005.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                 His most pressing worry? 'Nagin said late Saturday that he's having his legal staff look into whether he can order a mandatory evacua
tion of the city,' Bruce Nolan reported in the Times-Picayune, 'a step he's been hesitant to do because of the potential liability on the part of the 
IGNORING THE INEVITABLE 
23 
 city for closing hotels and other businesses.''
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

That is, suburbs were, by and large, late in coming to the Crescent City; much of the surrounding terrain was too marshy to sup
 port tract housing developments.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

In the late 1960s, the area on the eastern side of the Industrial Canal, known as New Orleans East-touted as a 'city inside a city'-was the place for upwardly mobile whites to be.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Blanco did send a request on Saturday, two days too late.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Besides late timing, it was not much of a letter and not much of a list.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

The high-tech 'command table' was in an underground overview room, which resem
 bled NASiVs mission control during the Apollo moon shots of the late 1960s.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'You have to be by the book,' Warren Riley said late in 2005, after becoming superintendent, explaining the need for a new era of public integrity in the NOPD.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

The NOPD needed somebody young to become an undercover drug dealer, and Riley was in his late twenties.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

SHOUTS AND WHISPERS 
55 
 Even with contra-flow, however, traffic moved at a snarl's pace, and by late Saturday afternoon, it was virtually impossible to reserve a motel room in towns as far north in Louisiana as Alexandria, Monroe, and Shreveport.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late in the day on Saturday, August 
27, 
Max Mayfield, the mild
 mannered, bespectacled scientist who had been the director of the NHC since 2000, grew concerned at the lack of activity in advance of Katrina.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Andy Ambrose, the son of the late historian Stephen E. Ambrose, was supposed to be cele
 brating his forty-second birthday that afternoon.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

It was getting late for everyone in southeastern Louisiana.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

There wasn't much he could do for their welfare so late in the game.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

By late Sunday twenty-one of the homes had evacuated while around forty hunkered down and shel
 tered in situ.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

As late as 2005, deadly stories of the Storm were still told in communities 
74 
THE GREAT DEL17GE 
 around Galveston Bay.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

At any rate, by Sunday, August 28, it was too late to make long-term provisions.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

It was practically too late for anything except to quickly pack the car and flee.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late at night dealers and croupiers from the nearby Casino Magic would file in, eager for a nightcap after their shift.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Many of the evacuees were ill or handicapped, while others had small children-very few were easily capable of a two-hour wait, standing in the late-summer heat.'
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'Better a little late than not at all,' he recalled.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

For anyone along the Gulf coast who heard the President's comments, it was practically too late to prepare.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

By then it was like the last hour on Christmas Eve-too late to do any more.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Back in September 2003, in fact, Goldblatt be
 came a one-day national joke when his pants almost fell down while he was covering Hurricane Isabel in Virginia Beach; comedians Jay Leno and Jimmy Kimmel played the clip on their late-night shows.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Duckworth's great-grandfather had started the family business, Jimmy Duckworth Tires, in the late 1920s.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late at night he could often be found at the Casino Magic poker ta
 bles or the Firedog Saloon, telling stories about catching record-size swordfish or about surviving Camille.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

It was only late in the day on Monday, when four breached canals made New Orleans essentially a sill for Lake Pontchartrain, that the alarmed mechanics were told to turn off the great pumps and leave their stations.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Jennifer Broome, a reporter with WOIA, the NBC affili
 ate in San Antonio, arrived in Louisiana late Sunday night to cover the storm.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

By then it was too late.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'We've both worked Narcotics, under
 stood what late nights meant.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late in the morning, the winds finally died down and the floodwater was starting to recede into the Gulf of Mexico.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Only one person died man in his late seventies who had a chronic upper respiratory problem.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

The stagnant water that re
 mained late on Monday changed from muddy to ofly, and from no odor to a pungent, vomitlike stench.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Who knew, maybe late Monday he might have to run a historic banner of his own for Tuesday that read 'Bull's-eye,' 'Direct Hit,' or 'Big One Smashes Big Easy.'
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                     That was the assur
ance in place when Beth LeBlanc of Lakeview, a savvy, attractive middle
 aged woman, saw water rising in her yard alongside the 17th Street Canal on Bellaire Drive in late November 2004.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

The London Avenue Canal, which runs south from the lake, in between the 17th Street Canal to the west and the Industrial Canal to the east, also burst in two spots late on Monday morning.'
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

It was getting late in the afternoon.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late on Monday, the NBC team was working out of a few cars and trailers on the Canal Street median between the U.S. Cus
 toms Building and Harrah's Casino.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Zumbado showed Allan the looting footage late Monday afternoon; she had never seen such widespread looting before in all of her globe
 trotting.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

All that Nagin knew was basically what every land-bound reporter knew late that Monday morning; and that was only what he could survey from his Hyatt perch.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Although it generally didn't really 
 flood, something was seriously wrong in Uptown-at least that was what fifty-one-year-old Jimmy Delery sensed late Monday.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                                                                                                                                            If the supplies and expert personnel 
BEEN FEMA-ED' 
2,39 
didn't arrive on Sunday night, Bahamonde explained, 'it won't be until Tuesday and by then it could be too late for a few'' As the blitz of e-mails flew back and forth to FEMA officers around the country, Baha
 monde was assured that supplies were just hours away.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

What do we do now?' It was a little late to be asking this question.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast



 Late on Monday morning, Michael Brown, the director of FEMA, arrived in Baton Rouge.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

By late afternoon Monday, Louisiana's cap
 ital was teeming with people emerging from hiding.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

By that time, 
 the ice wouldn't even reach the staging area in Dallas until late Tuesday.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

The Ninth Ward developed much of its defiant personality during the late era of segregation.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'It just seems like help was too late to come there,' he said.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

It was too late for President Bush to 
fly 
 over Louisiana's wetlands-the wetlands were underwater.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

rifle his father had given him as a boy, Delery pointed the gun at a looter in his late fifties from the win
 dow of his Ford pickup.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'I was overcome with dysentery late Tuesday,' Williams recalled.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

All together, National Guard units had thirty-two helicopters operating along the Gulf Coast starting late Mon
 day.'
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

This flat-out rejection of Interior Department assets was brought to light in late January 2006, in a cache of documents released by the Senate Home
 land Security Committee-over 800,000 pages of e-mails, memos, strategy plans, and intradepartmental correspondence.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

THE GREAT DELLGE 

1X 
 On late Tuesday afternoon, the big worry of Governor Blanco, as well as of senators Vitter and Landrieu, was the lack of federal assistance.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

CITA WITHOUT ANSWERS 
961 
 With the floodwater waist-deep by late Tuesday afternoon, Clarkson could no longer walk back and forth between City Hall and the Hyatt.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

The action was days late, but at least the bureaucracy had finally budged.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late on Wednesday, Pantuso learned from friends on Capitol Hill that Carey Lim
 ousines was in charge of finding buses.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

However, the full complement of buses wouldn't arrive until the weekend-five days late
due to mismanagement on the part of the federal government and its con
 tractors.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Bush, already two days late in seriously addressing the Katrina situation, was finally entering the recovery foray from an unfortunate springboard of high-altitude disconnect.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

From the point of view of the governor and most local offi
 cials, the federal response had already been monumentally mismanaged, with the military getting a late start and FEMA in a daze.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

This was so late as to be useless.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

In late afternoon, I accompany MP Teams doing 
a 
 sweep of the box suites, as looters have infiltrated that area, we arrive and find every single box suite has been looted with the doors or ventilation grills kicked in and stripped of all liquor, in total, we take down about twenty looters, confiscate liquor (which some of [them] tell us they brought with them to the Dome, we are talking $50 and $60 bottles of scotch, bourbon, etc); the looters are flex-cuffed and turned over to the NOPD; they have not only ransacked the suites, they have crapped on the furniture and rugs....
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late that morning, help seemed to arrive in the form of a SWAT team that entered the building in formation, weapons drawn.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

When the National Guard pulled out, abandoning doctors and patients alike, on late Wednesday and early Thursday morning, Berggren had an ace up her sleeve.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late Thursday afternoon, Berggren received an uplifting phone call.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Ex
 hausted, he had dozed off in a La-Z-Boy chair during those key hours late Sunday night, when escaping the bowl was still a possibility.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

As a precaution, back in the late 1990s, he had taken out full-coverage liability insurance against theft.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'We got there too late.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                                                                                            Late that night, Ac
cardo, whose Lakeview home was wiped out in the storm, drove aimlessly to Luling, a nearby town, and parked his patrol car in the deserted park
 ing lot of a boarded-up restaurant.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Many of these late evacuees had nothing but the clothes on their backs, but they were the lucky ones, to be leaving in the first wave.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

It's too doggone late.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

But it was too late.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                                                                                                         Ar
riving in Biloxi in late morning, the President toured devastated areas in the company of Governor Haley Barbour and Biloxi Mayor A. J. Hol
 loway.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

And they show up a week late with itchy fingers.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late that evening, the White House sent Blanco a form, ready for her signature, granting control of the troops to the federal government, under an arrangement that gave Lieutenant General Russel Honore command of both her National Guard and the regular Army troops, stipulating that he would take orders from each of them regarding their respective troops--except in the case of a dis
 pute, which would be settled by a team of judges.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

The numbers edged upward in late September as more bodies were found.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

It was clear to us by late
 .
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Fittingly, it was the late Austin Leslie, whose fried chicken, as Kim Stevenson wrote in the New York Times, 'was considered the gold standard even by the South's most persnickety chefs,'' who received the first hon
 ors when the jazz funeral resumed.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

But in late September he died, burning up with fever.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

'There are some very sad stories late Saturday.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Leaders at the federal level, on the other hand, meaning Secretary Chertoff and President Bush, shirked the Gulf Coast until pressured to act, days late.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

In the span of one week in late summer 2005, the United States was changed, and not just on the battered coastline along the Gulf of Mexico.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Officials fin
 ish moving them out in late evening.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Late Show with David 
Letterman, 
 CBS, September 13, 2005, transcript.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                   Just days upon ar
riving in Houston I got a telephone call from Emma juniper, a twenty
 year-old Clark University student and former personal assistant to the late Hunter S. Thompson.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Dunne, Mike, 9
EOC in; in Bay St. Lmis, 107,160-64;
dysentery, 318-20
in New Orleans, 52,108--9,136,137,
Dyson, Michael Eric, 47,569
236,241-42
Late, Debbie, 23
EarbShou, The (TV 
show), 246
evacuations, 1-5, 34-36, 85-88; of animals,
earthquakes, 13, 222, 452
1-3,20, 70, 87, 220,253; Blanco's
East Jefferson General Hospital, 327
efforts and, 38-40; chain of
Ebbert, Terry, 24, 202, 215, 282, 452, 526,
responsibility for, 56; by Coast Guard,
573,574,617; EOC and, 108-9,137,
213; in Florida, 91,112, 114;
218, 241-42; on flooding, 344; looting
mandatory, 4-5, 472; in Mississippi, 77,
and, 275; shame of, 424; Superdome
85-87,103,105,133,150,152,156,
and,192, 217, 392
171; of oil workers, 122; of
Eckels, Robert, 515-16
Plaquemines Parish, 4-5, 133, 349;
6,98 
INDEX 

evacuations (mminued) 
of pump mechanics, 131, 313; recommended, 20; in Red River flood, 116; Saffir-Simpson Scale and, 17; see also speafrrplares 
evacuations, New Orleans, 1-3, 34-35, 40-46, 54-70, 90-94; of animals, 1-3, 20, 220; contra-flow plan for, 54, 55, 
101, 108; FEMA failures and, 37; of hospitals, 54, 325, 459, 461, 480-81, 485-91, 592-94; in hotels, 136; last
minute, 59-61,97,101-3,127-28; mandatory, 5, 20, 23, 34, 35, 40-41, 59, 61,63,87-88,89-90,93-94,103; Mardi Gras World and, 198, 199; of nursing homes, 64-66; partial, 107-8; plan for, 19-24,117; prevention of walking out in, 468-73; rate of, 108; shelter shortage and, 99; of trains, 187; voluntary, 20, 55-56; see also Morial Center; Superdome; speafir neiigbborboodt evacuees: dispersal of, 586; unwillingness to leave of, 586-87 
Evans, Marsha, 116,273-74 Evans, Walker, 425 
Evening Star Missionary Baptist Church, 620,622 
Everlasting Gospel Mission, 428-31 expatriates, New Orleans, 427-34 ExxonMobil, 32 
Exxon-Valdez, 575 
family networks, 435 
Faulkner, William, 31,176, 460 Favalora, Jennifer, 150 
Favre, Brett, 128 
Favre, Eddie, 128, 147, 148, 578; as first responder, 160-64,178, 218; on Wal
Mart, 178, 252 
Fayard,Richard, 162 FBI, 51, 208,226 Federal Reserve Bank, 447-48 Felton, Nick, 55 
FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency), 37, 57, 77,132, 138, 237-54, 266-73,309,332,343,394-97,440, 443-44,457,460,513, 539; Alabama and, 249, 283; in Baton Rouge, 42, 242, 243-45,249,394 -96, 435; body retrieval and, 221, 609-11; buses and, 70,92,162-63,208-9,278,288, 290-91,356,359,369,386,392, 396-97, 443, 469; catch-up efforts of, 536-38; Coast Guard and, 210, 254, 
 576, 578; Coast Guard compared with, 210, 213, 214; communications breakdown in, 243, 268; cronyism in, 618; disaster relief restricted by, 554, 563; emergency responders stopped by, 254,273,334-36,441,537; evacuee tracking by, 558; in Florida, 3, 112, 247-49, 254; founding of, 246-47; in Guam, 238; in helicopter surveys, 279-83, 370; house marking scheme of, 604; hurricane simulation by, 18-19, 452,453; ineptitude and delays of, 116, 179,232-34,249-54,270,274,291, 295,303,334-36,356,368,369-70, 372,373,384,411-12,426,459,509, 549,563,578,581-82,588,595,611, 618-19; lack of knowledge of New Orleans of, 258-59, 576; LOWF and, 301; in Mississippi, 553-54; Mississippi and,161,162,163,177, 178, 179, 248, 249, 283; Morial Center and, 537, 582; Nagin's ignoring of guidelines of, 20; in New Orleans, 237-43, 245, 258-59, 267-68,271,392,394-95,400,424, 453, 491, 534; no-bid assignments of, 536; offers of help received by, 250; public anger at, 550-51; Red Cross and, 588-89; Riley on, 509; security concerns of, 335-36, 366; Strickland as Katrina emergency director for, 230-34, 237, 244; tasking assignment formalized by (Aug.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

                                                      Stories 
of Rescue, Revolution, and Rebuilding in the Eye of the Storm 
 (Champaign, Ill.:
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Forbes 
 kept a tally of the big donors post-Katrina.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

A few drops of the sewage water had acciden
 tally gotten into his mouth.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

A men
 tally challenged son was also in the house.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Berggren said, 'I'd been assigned a sheaf of papers and I'm tallying which patients we've gotten out from which ward.
	The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast